1

1 The device in the diagram is connected to a 240 V mains supply.

The device produces a potential difference (p.d.) of 12 V between A and B.

A 12 V lamp is connected between A and B.

secondary coil

A
240 V
mains 12 V
supply lamp

primary coil
8000 turns

Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil. Use information from the diagram.

number of turns = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

2 The diagram shows a wire, placed between two poles, carrying a current in the direction of the
arrow.

On the diagram, draw an arrow to show the direction of the force on the wire due to the magnetic
field. [2]
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[Total: 2]

3 The diagram shows two vertical, cylindrical tubes and a cylindrical magnet all held in a vacuum.

cylindrical
magnet

plastic tube copper tube

(not to scale)

One tube is made of plastic and the other tube is made of copper. The two cylindrical tubes have
identical dimensions.

The magnetic field of the small, cylindrical magnet is extremely strong.

Initially, the magnet is at rest at the top of the plastic tube.

The magnet is released and it falls through the plastic tube without experiencing a resistive force.

The magnet is then held at the top of the copper tube and released. As it falls through the copper
tube, an electric current is generated in the copper.

The current in the copper produces a magnetic field of its own in the tube.

The magnet falls much more slowly in the copper tube than in the plastic tube.

Explain why the magnet falls more slowly in the copper tube.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

4 The diagram shows a magnet on the end of a spring and a coil of wire connected to a sensitive
centre-zero galvanometer. The magnet can move freely through the coil.
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spring

coil of wire
N

centre-zero
galvanometer

(a) The magnet is pulled down and released.

Describe and explain what happens to the needle of the sensitive galvanometer.

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........................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) The magnet is replaced with a stronger magnet.

State the effect of using a stronger magnet on what happens to the needle of the galvanometer.

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........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]
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5 The diagram shows the same bar magnets with a coil of wire between them.
direction of
rotation handle

N S

galvanometer
A

(a) The coil of wire is rotated in the direction shown in the diagram.

On the diagram, draw an arrow to show the direction of the current in the coil. Explain your
answer.

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........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Explain how rotating the coil in the diagram continuously causes the galvanometer needle to
show an alternating current.

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........................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 6]

6 A radio is connected to the mains supply using a step-down transformer

(a) Draw a labelled diagram of the structure of a basic step-down transformer.

[3]
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(b) Explain the operation of a basic transformer.

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........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]

7 The diagram shows two bar magnets with a coil of wire between them.

direction of
rotation handle

N S

galvanometer
A

Name the parts labelled A in the diagram

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

8 A radio is connected to the mains supply using a step-down transformer.

The voltage of the mains supply is 230 V. The output voltage of the transformer is 6.0 V.

Calculate the value of the turns ratio ( ).

Give your answer to two significant figures.

value of turns ratio = ..................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

9 A student uses two bar magnets to create a uniform magnetic field. He places a current carrying
wire at right angles to the magnetic field, as shown in the diagram.
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There is a force on the current-carrying wire.

(a) The student wants to reverse the direction of the force on the wire.

State one change that reverses the direction of the force on the wire.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The student increases the separation of the poles of the permanent magnets.

State and explain how increasing the separation affects the force on the current-carrying wire.

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........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

10 The diagram shows a horizontal conducting wire XY between two opposite magnetic poles. Wire
XY forms a circuit with an ammeter.
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(a) Y

wire

N X
S
A

The wire XY is moved and there is a deflection on the ammeter that indicates there is a current
in the wire from X to Y.

On the table below, tick one box to indicate the direction of the movement of the wire XY.
Explain your answer.

to the bottom to the top of

into page out of page to the left to the right
of the page the page

explanation .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) State what is observed on the ammeter when the wire XY is moved

(i) in the opposite direction to part (a) ...............................................................................

(ii) in the same direction as part (a) but at a greater speed ............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]

11 An electron source produces a narrow beam of electrons that all travel at the same speed.

The electron source is placed in a vacuum and the beam of electrons travels vertically downwards.
The diagram shows the beam of electrons before it passes between the N-pole and the S-pole of
a magnet.
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(a) Describe what is meant by the direction of a magnetic field. State the direction of the magnetic
field between the two poles in the diagram.

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...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Describe and explain what happens to the beam of electrons in the magnetic field between
the poles of the magnet in the diagram.

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........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]

12 The diagram shows a simple direct current (d.c.) electric motor. The coil rotates about the axis
when there is a current in the coil. The coil is connected to the rest of the circuit by the brushes.
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(a) On the diagram, draw a pair of arrows to show which way the coil rotates. Explain the direction
you have chosen.

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...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) On the diagram, draw an arrow to show the direction in which electrons flow through the
coil. [1]

(c) Explain why the electrons flow in the direction you have shown in (b).

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]
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13 A student turns the handle of an alternating current (a.c.) generator and the coil rotates.

The diagram represents the structure of the a.c. generator.

There is an alternating voltage output between the two terminals.

Explain why rotating the coil produces an output voltage.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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14 Diagram A shows a simple alternating current generator.

diagram A

On diagram B, sketch a graph to show how the electromotive force (e.m.f.) induced varies with
time for one revolution of the coil. Assume that the coil starts in the horizontal position, as shown
in diagram A.
Label the points on the time axis where the coil has completed 1/4 revolution and 3/4 revolution.

diagram B

[3]

[Total: 3]
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15 The diagram shows a coil supplied with current using a split-ring commutator.

The coil consists of three turns of wire. The magnetic field strength of the magnet is M. With a
current of 2.0 A in the coil, the coil experiences a turning effect T.

The first row of the table shows these data.

magnetic field
number of turns current in coil / A turning effect
strength

3 2.0 M T

3 8.0 M

6 2.0 M

3 2.0

Complete the table to give the turning effect for the changes made to the arrangement shown in
the diagram. Choose your answers from the box.

T 2T 4T 8T

[3]

[Total: 3]

16 The diagram shows the proposed system for charging the battery of an electric toothbrush.
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The handle of the brush contains the battery and a coil X. The circuit from coil X to the battery is
not shown.

The base of the charger contains a coil Y, wound on an iron core, connected to the a.c. mains
supply.

To charge the battery, the handle is lowered so that coil Y is inside coil X.

The diagram shows the direction needed for the charging current at the battery.

(a) (i) On the diagram, complete the circuit from terminals A and B of coil X to the battery.
Include a diode.

[2]
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(ii) Explain how an alternating voltage is produced in coil X.

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................................................................................................................................ [3]

[Total: 5]

17 Describe an experiment to show that a force acts on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic

field. Show how to arrange the equipment. Include a diagram in your answer.

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[Total: 4]
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18 A digital circuit is shown in the simplified diagram. The output of logic gate Y controls a buzzer.

logic gate X

input
A

input
B

logic gate Y

Input A is the output of a humidity sensor which gives logic 1 when the humidity is high and logic
0 when the humidity is low.

Input B is the output of a light sensor which gives logic 1 in bright light and logic 0 in darkness. The
buzzer sounds when the output of Y is logic 1.

State the conditions of humidity and light when the buzzer is on.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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19 A digital circuit is shown in the simplified diagram. The output of logic gate Y controls a buzzer.

logic gate X

input
A

input
B

logic gate Y

Complete the truth table for the circuit.

input A input B output of X output of Y

0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1

[3]

[Total: 3]
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20 A digital circuit is shown in the simplified diagram. The output of logic gate Y controls a buzzer.

logic gate X

input
A

input
B

logic gate Y

The output of the digital circuit alone is not able to operate the buzzer.

Ring the component from the list that must be connected between the output of the digital circuit
and the buzzer.

fuse heater relay resistor thermistor

Explain your answer.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

21 Combinations of logic gates are used when digital signals are processed.

Describe the difference between a digital signal and an analogue signal. You may include a diagram
if it helps your answer.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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22 (a) A student designs the circuit shown in the diagram.

Complete the truth table for this circuit in the table.

A B C D E

0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1

[3]

(b) A single logic gate can be used to produce output E in the circuit shown in (a) with the inputs
A and B shown in the table in (a).

State the name of this logic gate. .

[1]

[Total: 4]

23 Draw the symbol for a NOR gate.

[1]

[Total: 1]
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24 Write down the truth table for an OR gate.

[2]

[Total: 2]

25 Describe how a digital signal differs from an analogue signal. You may draw a diagram.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]