Scribd
Upload
9 views

Part1 Structure of.pptx

Uploaded by

Anonymous EdrCJ0QZ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Part1 Structure of.pptx

Uploaded by

Anonymous EdrCJ0QZ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Structure of Manuscript

Part 1 - Introduction and Method

CRP unit
Faculty of Medicine
Hasanuddin University
Outline

• Introduction to manuscript

• Structure of the article manuscript


• Dos and Donts
Writing a Scientific Manuscript

Just Start!!

Copyright 2005, Journal of Young


Investigators, Inc.
Introduction
Article
Manuscript
= Written paper that
= Written paper
has been published
pre-publication
Type of Manuscript
▪ Original Research (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed)

▪ Review (e.g. narrative review, scoping review, systematic


review/ meta-analysis)
▪ Case Report, case series
▪ Protocol

▪ Commentaries, Editorial, Point of view


▪ Guideline
Article Structure
▪ Main text (IMRAD)
▪ Title
❖ Introduction or Background
▪ Authors ❖ Methods
❖ Results, and
▪ Abstract
❖ Discussion (with Conclusions)
▪ Keywords ▪ Acknowledgements
▪ References
▪ Figures and Tables
Introduction
Introduction
▪ Provide context to convince readers why the work is useful
▪ Overview of what to expect from the article
▪ Clearly address:

▪ What is the problems (knowledge gap), aims, hypothesis, and


significance of the work

▪ What was done before (background)


▪ What did the author do

▪ What is the author achievement


Introduction
Introduction

• Broad information on topic


– Previous research
• Narrower background information
– Need for study
• Focus of paper
– Hypothesis
• Summary of problem (selling point)
• Overall 300-500 words
Words: 300-500
Introduction

Common Mistakes:
– Too much or not enough information
– Unclear purpose
– Lists
– Confusing structure
– First-Person anecdotes (over powering)
Methods

Clearly how you conducted your study in order to:


1. Enable readers to evaluate the work performed
2. permit others to replicate your study
▪ Describe how the problem was studied
▪ Identify equipment and material used, including how to
analyze the data
▪ Include ”detailed” information (can be replicate)
▪ Important part for critical appraisal
Methods

Provides instruction on exactly how to repeat the study:


– Subjects
– Sample preparation techniques
– Sample origins
– Field site description
– Data collection protocol
– Data analysis techniques
– Any computer programs used
– Description of equipment and its use
– Ethics
Methods
1. Order your procedures chronologically or by type of
procedure and then chronologically within type of procedure
using sub-headings.
2. Use the past tense and the third person to describe what
you did.
3. Describe your experimental design clearly, including the
hypotheses you tested, variables measured, how many
replicates you had, controls, treatments, etc.
4. Explain why each procedure was done. Reference may be
made to a published paper as an alternative to describing a
lengthy procedure.
5. Identify the source of any specific type of equipment, a
specific enzyme, organism, or a culture from a particular
supplier, which is critical to the success of the experiment.
Methods
5. Describe in detail any modifications to equipment or equipment
constructed specifically for the study
6. Describe the dates and the site where your field study was conducted
including physical and biological characteristics of the site, if pertinent
to the study’s objectives.
7. Identify treatments using the variable or treatment name, rather than an
ambiguous, generic name or number (e.g., use "healthy donors" rather
than "group 1").
8. If required by the journal, mention the approval for the study by the
relevant ethics committee(s) and the informed consent of the subjects.
9. Describe statistical tests and the comparisons made; ordinary statistical
methods should be used without comment; advanced or unusual
methods may require a literature citation.
10. Show your Materials and Methods section to a colleague and ask
whether they would have difficulty in repeating your study.
Words: 500-1000
Summary
• Who was included in your study ?
• Where and when did you do the study ?
• What assessments were made ?
• How was the data analyzed ?
• Can include an ethics committee approval
statement
• Sometimes flowcharts are helpful
Methods

Common Mistakes:
– Too little information
– Information from Introduction
– Verbosity (too wordy)
– Results/ sources of error reported
Word Choice
• Examine vs. Analyze
– Activity to gain knowledge vs. Describing the
analysis of that knowledge

• Bloom’s Taxonomy
– Knowledge
– Comprehension
– Application
– Analysis
– Synthesis
– Evaluation

Copyright 2005, Journal of Young


Investigators, Inc.
Word Choice
Bloom’s Taxonomy
– Knowledge: Recitation of fact
• Found, identified, labeled
– Comprehension: State a problem or interpret fact
• Discuss, predict, compare
– Application: Apply old information to solve new problems
• Solve, show, examine, classify
– Analysis: Used to explain patterns or meaning
• Analyze, investigate, compare, contrast
– Synthesis: Making predictions or discussing possibilities
• Predict, plan, devise, propose
– Evaluation: Drawing conclusions, making recommendations
• Justify, verify, argue, recommend, determine
References
1. Greenhalgh, T. How to read a paper: the basics of evidence –based
medicine and health care. 6th Edition, Wiley Blackwell, 2019
2. Gehlbach, H.S. Interpreting the Medical Literature. 5th Edition. Mc. Graw
Hill, 2006
3. Lee, K.T. How to Prepare a Good Manuscript. Elsevier. 2020
4. Libster, et.al. Early High-Titer Plasma theraphy to Prevent Severe Covid-19
in Older Adults. NEJM. 2021

You might also like