DepEd MIMAROPA

Curriculum and Learning Management Division

Senior High School

Pre-Calculus
Module 2: Circle

RO_MIMAROPA_SHS_Academic-STEM_Pre-
Calculus_Mod2
Pre-Calculus
Contextualized Self-Learning Module
Module 2: Circle
First Edition, 2022

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Published by the Department of Education-MIMAROPA Region

Regional Director: Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO III

OIC, Office of the Asst. Regional Director: Atty. Suzette T. Gannaban-Medina

Development Team

Writer: Jay-R DC. Osorio

Editors: Resy O. Villanueva, Lemuel I. Ordanza
Reviewers: Norman F. Magsino, Elsa M. Lim, Ritchie P. Dalangin
IPR Reviewer: Karol M. Manalaysay
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Layout Artist: Robert B. Umandal
Management Team: Nicolas T. Capulong
Mariflor B. Musa
Freddie Rey R. Ramirez
Danilo C. Padilla
Laida M. Lagar-Mascareñas
Florina L. Madrid
Norman F. Magsino
Elsa M. Lim

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Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region

Office Address: Meralco Avenue, Corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City
Telefax: (02) 6314070
E-mail Address: [email protected]

2
 Lesson 2

Circle

MELC The learners…

1. define a circle, STEM_PC11AG-Ia-2 and
2. determine the standard form of an equation of a circle
STEM_PC11AG-Ia-3.

Objectives At the end of this module, the learners shall be able to:
1. define circle,
2. write equations of circles in standard form, and
3. sketch circles and identify the center and radius.

Let’s Try

Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Write the letter of the correct
answer in a clean sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following conic sections is defined as the locus of all points in the
plane having the same fixed positive distance called the radius, from a fixed point
called the center?
A. Circle C. Hyperbola
B. Ellipse D. Parabola
2. Which of the following is the center-radius form or the standard form of the
equation of a circle centered at (0,0) with radius r > 0?
A. 𝑦2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑟2 C. 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 = 𝑟2
B. 𝑦2 = 𝑥2 − 𝑟2 D. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2
3. What is the length of the radius of a circle with equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1
which is considered as the unit circle?
A. -1 C. 1
B. 0 D. 2
4. Assume that a point (x, y) is pick on the circle considering its center at (h, k),
what is the radius?
A. 𝑟 = √(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 C. 𝑟 = √(𝑥 + ℎ)2 − (𝑦 + 𝑘)2
B. 𝑟 = √(𝑥 − ℎ)2 − (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 D. 𝑟 = √(𝑥 ∓ ℎ)2 + (𝑦 + 𝑘)2

3
 5. What is the center-radius form of the equation of a circle of radius r with center
at (h, k)?
A. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2 C. 𝑟 = (𝑥 + ℎ)2 + (𝑦 + 𝑘)2
B. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 − (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2 D. 𝑟 = (𝑥 + ℎ)2 − (𝑦 + 𝑘)2
6. Which of the following is the radius of the circle whose center is at (3, 5) and
touching the point (-1, 2)?
A. 3 C. 5
B. 4 D. 6
7. What is the center-radius form of the equation of a circle given in item number
6?
A. (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 25 C. (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 25
B. (𝑥 − 1) + (𝑦 + 2) = 25
2 2 D. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 25
8. Which of the following is the graph of the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4?

A. C.

B. D.

9. What is the equation of the circle given its graph as shown below?

A. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4
B. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 4 = 0
C. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 16
D. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 16 = 0

4
 10. Which of the following is the graph of the circle whose equation is
(𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 16?
.
A. C.

B. D.

Let’s Explore and Discover

Have you ever wondered how this building or structure was designed? How are
different sizes of circles reflected in the design? Find out the answers to these questions
and determine the vast applications of the different sizes of circles.

Circle has been part of humanity because of its aesthetic importance. Likewise, it is
extensively used in architecture because it is easy to construct which make it a regular
figure in the construction of edifices, bridges, monuments, skyways, and buildings.

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 It is possible to recognize and graph equations of circles with relative ease. We
know from geometry that a circle consists of all points that are at a fixed distance r, its
radius, from a fixed point C, its center (See Figure 1). Suppose that a circle is located
in a Cartesian plane so that its center C is (0, 0) and its radius is r. If a point (𝑥, 𝑦) is
on the circle, its distance from (0, 0) has to be r units (See Figure 2).

Figure 2.
Figure 1.
Circle with center C (0,0) and
Circle with center C and
radius r
radius r
By the distance formula 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 , 𝑥 and 𝑦 satisfy the equation

√(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 .

Conversely, any ordered pair (x, y) that satisfies this equation defines a point
𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) that lies on the circle with center at (0, 0) and radius r. Thus, we have
the following result:

Center-Radius Form of the Equation of a Circle with Center at (𝟎, 𝟎)

Any point (𝑥, 𝑦) on the circle with center (0, 0) and radius r must satisfy the
standard equation

𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚 𝟐 = 𝒓 𝟐,

Example 1.

Write the equation of the circle in center-radius or standard form with center
at the origin and radius, 4. Sketch the graph.

Solution:
Substituting 4 for r in the equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2,
we get
x2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 2

or

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔

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 Figure 3. Figure 4.
Step 2. On the axes, plot the four points of the
Step 1. Plot the center given its
circle using the given r (in Example 1. r=4) as
coordinates. In this case C(0,0)
the distance from the center

Figure 5. Figure 6.
Step 3. Connect the 4 points in Step 2 Step 4. Name the graph with
to form a circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔

Example 2.

Find the center-radius or standard form of the equation of the circle whose center is at
(0, 0) with radius, 1 and sketch its graph.

Solution:
Substituting 1 for r in the equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2,
we get

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 12

or
𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
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Following the steps of graphing a circle given above, the graph of 2 + 𝑦2 = 1 is given in
Figure 7.

Note that a circle whose center is

at (0, 0) and has a radius of 1 unit
has the center-radius (standard)
form equation
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 and is called the
2 2

unit circle.

Figure 7.
Graph of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 1
Example 3.

The center-radius form of the equation of the circle is 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25. Find its center and
radius.

Solution:

Since the given equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25 satisfied the center-radius form of

the equation of a circle with center at (0, 0), its center is at the origin. From the
equation, 𝑟2 = 25. Finding the square root of both sides,

we get
√𝑟 2 = ±√25

𝑟 = ±5

But, we reject -5 because the radius r of a circle is always positive

(𝑟 > 0)

Thus, the radius r of 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25 is +5 or 5 units.

Example 4.

Determine if the point (2, 3) is on the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 13.

Solution:

Given the point (2, 3), 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 3, 𝑟2 = 13.

Substituting x and y to the standard equation of a circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2

we get

22 + 32 = 𝑟2
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 4 + 9 = 𝑟2

13 = 𝑟2

Since it satisfies the value of 𝑟2 in the equation, the point (2, 3) is on the
circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 13.

A circle is the locus of all points in the plane

having the same fixed positive distance r,
called radius, from a fixed point C, called the
center. Suppose that a circle is located in a
Cartesian plane so that its center C is (h, k) and its
radius is r. If a point (𝑥, 𝑦) is on the circle, its
distance from C(h, k) has to be r units (See Figure
8).

Figure 8.
Circle with Center C(h,k) and
radius r

By the distance formula 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 , 𝑥 and 𝑦 satisfy the

equation √(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 or (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2 .

Conversely, any ordered pair (𝑥, 𝑦) that satisfies this equation defines
a point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) that lies on the circle with center at (ℎ, 𝑘) and radius r. Thus,
we have the following result:

Center-Radius Form Equation of a Circle with Center at (h, k)

Any point (x, y) on the circle with center (h, k) and radius r must satisfy
the standard equation

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐,

Example 1:
Find the center-radius or standard form equation of the circle with radius 4 and
center at (-1, 3). Sketch its graph.
Solution:

From the given problem, we identified the values of r, h, and k as 4, - 1,

and 3, respectively.
Substituting 4 for r, -1 for h and 3 for k, in the equation (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦
− 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2, we get
(𝑥 − (−1)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 42 or
(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔

9
 To graph the circle, consider the following steps:

Figure 9. Figure 10.

Step 1. Plot the center given its Step 2. On the axes, plot the four
coordinates. In this case (-1,3) points of the circle using the given r
(in Example 1, r = 4) as the distance
from the center.

Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Step 3. Connect the 4 points in Step 2 to
Step 4. Label the graph.
form a circle. You may use a compass

10
Example 2:

Find the center-radius or standard form of the equation and sketch the graph of
the circle with center at (2, 5) and tangent to x-axis. (Recall that when a circle is tangent
to x-axis, that circle touches the x-axis at exactly one point. The segment connecting
this intersection point and the center of a circle is perpendicular to the x-axis.)
Solution:

The center of the circle is at (2, 5). So, h = 2 and k = 5.

Since the circle is tangent to x-axis, the point of intersection of the

circle and t he x-axis is at (2, 0). The distance from C (2, 5) and (2, 0) is 5.
Therefore, r = 5.

Substituting 5 for r, 2 for h, and 5 for k,

in the equation (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2, we get

(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 52

or

(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 25

Following the steps of graphing a circle

given above, the graph of (x – 2)2 + (y – 5)2 = 25
is given in Figure 13.

Figure 13.
Graph of (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 25

Example 3:

Find the center-radius or standard form of the equation and sketch the graph of
the circle with center at (2, 5) and tangent to the y-axis. (Recall that when a circle is
tangent to y-axis, that circle touches the y-axis at exactly one point. The segment
connecting this intersection point and the center of a circle is perpendicular to the y-axis.)

Solution:

The center of the circle is at (2, 5). So, h = 2 and k = 5.

Since the circle is tangent to y-axis, the point of intersection of the circle and the
y-axis is at (0, 5). The distance from C (2, 5) and (0, 5) is 2. Therefore, r = 2.

Substituting 2 for r, 2 for h, and 5 for k, in the equation (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐,
we get

(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 22 or

(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 4

11
 Following the steps of graphing a circle
given above, the graph of

(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 4

is given in Figure 14.

Figure 14.
Graph of (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 25

Example 4.

A circle has a diameter with endpoints 𝐴(−1, 5) and 𝐵(2, 1). Find its center-radius form
of the equation and sketch its graph.

Solution:

We let 𝑥1 = −1, 𝑦1 = 5, 𝑥2 = 2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦2 = 1.

The diameter of the given circle is the distance between A and B. Using the
distance formula, we get

𝑑(𝐴𝐵) = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

2
𝑑(𝐴𝐵) = √(2 − (−1)) + (1 − 5)2 =√(3)2 + (−4)2 = √9 + 16 = √25 = 5

5
Since the radius is half of a diameter, then 𝑟 = .
2
It is also known that the midpoint of a diameter is the center of the circle. We let
the midpoint of A and B to be the coordinates of the center (ℎ, 𝑘). Then,
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 −1 + 2 1
ℎ= = =
2 2 2
𝑦1 + 𝑦2 5 + 1
𝑘= = =3
2 2
5 1
Substituting for r, for h, and 3 for k, in the equation
2 2
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
1 2 2
5 2
(𝑥 − ) + (𝑦 − 3) = ( )
2 2
1 2 25
(𝑥 − ) + (𝑦 − 3)2 =
2 4

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 Following the steps of graphing a circle given above, the graph of
1 2 25
(𝑥 − ) + (𝑦 − 3)2 = is given in Figure 15.
2 4

Figure 15.
1 2 25
Graph of (𝑥 − 2) + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 4

Let’s Practice
ACTIVITY 1. WHO AM I?

“LIFE IS FULL OF CIRCLE, WIDENING UNTIL IT JOINS THE CIRCLE MOTIONS

OF THE INFINITE”

This passage was quoted by a French-born writer and novelist, who was nailed
by many critics as one of the finest writers. To know the person behind this quotation,
look for the correct coordinates of center and radius written in scroll for each of the
given equation below. Write the corresponding letter on the space provided on the top
of the number.

I _____
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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 (−11, −1), 𝑟 = 12 (−1, 3), 𝑟 = 2
1. (x − 3)𝟐 + (y − 5)𝟐 = 121
𝑵 𝑹
2. x𝟐 + (y − 5)𝟐 = 36

(−1, 13), 𝑟 = 2 (3, 5), 𝑟 = 11

3. x𝟐 + y𝟐 = 11
𝑺 𝑨
4. (x + 1)𝟐 + (y − 13)𝟐 = 4

(0, 5), 𝑟 = 6 (9, 0), 𝑟 = 9

5. (x − 9)𝟐 + y𝟐 = 81
𝑵 𝑵
6. (x − 7)𝟐 + (y − 3)𝟐 = 7

(7, 3), 𝑟 = √7 (0, 0), 𝑟 = √11

7. (x + 11)𝟐 + (y + 1)𝟐 = 144
𝑰 𝑨

(0, 9), 𝑟 = 9 (5, 0), 𝑟 = 6 (−3, −5), 𝑟 = 1

𝑻 𝑬 𝑼

Let’s Do More
ACTIVITY 2.

Directions: Read the following situations carefully and analytically. Show your pertinent
solution in a clean sheet of paper. Please be guided by the scoring rubric below.

1. Ferris wheel is one of the rides used in “perya” or fanfare during the Feast of Sto.
Nino in Calapan City during the first week of December until the second week of
January. Given the coordinates of the center at C (2, 6) and 14 meters as the
length of its diameter, determine the standard equation of the Ferris wheel.
Sketch the graph of the given problem in a cartesian coordinate plane.

2. When an object is dropped into the surface of a still water, round-like ripples or
waves are formed that expand increasingly outwards. Different sizes of these
circular waves have the same center where an object touches the water. If one of
the circles has an equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 18𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 80 = 0, what is the equation of a
larger circular ripple if it passes through the point (2, 5)?

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 SCORING RUBRIC

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Mathematical Steps and Most of the Steps and Steps and
Error solutions have steps and solutions have solutions have
no solutions have mathematical plenty of
mathematical minimal errors mathematical
errors mathematical errors
errors
Neatness The work The work The work The work
presented is presented is presented has presented is
neat and neat and visible not organized
organized and somehow alterations and and vaguely
solution is organized and with messy presented
written legibly written legibly solution
Diagrams and Sketches are Sketches are Sketches are Sketches are
Sketches well presented well presented presented and not well
and completely and somehow labeled presented and
labeled labeled incorrectly labeled
incorrectly
TOTAL 12 9 6 3

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 Let’s Sum Up
ACTIVITY 3. LET US REFLECT
Directions: Write a reflection about the lesson by answering each question
written in the circles. Each circle below represents a petal of a flower. Show your
creativity in accomplishing this task by coloring the petals and attaching your beautiful
selfie at the center of the flower. You will be guided by the scoring rubrics given below.

16
 SCORING RUBRIC

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
90 – 100% of
80 – 89% of 70 – 79% of Less than
the content
the content the content 70% of the
are anchored
are anchored are anchored content are
Content in the
in the in the anchored in
question
question question the question
given in each
given given given
petal
Makes Makes good
Makes use of Uses font,
excellent use use of font,
font, color, color,
of font, color, color,
graphics, graphics,
graphics, graphics,
Attractiveness effects and effects and
effects and effects and
other to other to
other to other to
enhance enhance
enhance enhance
presentation presentation
presentation presentation
95 – 100% of 85 – 94% of 75 – 84% of Below 75% of
words on the words on the words on the words on the
Spelling and map are map are map are map are
Capitalization spelled and spelled and spelled and spelled and
capitalized capitalized capitalized capitalized
correctly correctly correctly correctly
Presentation Presentation Uses other
shows a large shows some people’s idea
Uses other
amount of amount of (giving them
people’s idea
Originality and original original credits) but
and does not
Creativeness thought. thought. there is a
give them
Ideas are Ideas are little evidence
credit
creative and creative and of original
innovative innovative thinking

TOTAL 16 12 8 4

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 Let’s Assess

Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Write the letter of the correct
answer in a clean sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following conic sections is consists of all points that are at a fixed
distance r, its radius, from a fixed point C, its center?
A. Circle C. Hyperbola
B. Ellipse D. Parabola
2. Which of the following is the center-radius form or the standard form
1
equation of a circle centered at (0,0) with radius 𝑟 = ?
2
1 1
A. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = C. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 =
16 4
1 1
B. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = D. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 =
8 2

3. Which equation is considered as the unit circle?

A. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 0 C. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 2

B. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1 D. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4

4. What is the standard equation of the given graph below?

A. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 5

B. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25

C. 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 = 5

D. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 25

5. Which of the following points lie on the circle with equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25?

A. (1, 2) C. (-1, -2)

B. (2, 1) D. (0, 5)

18
6. Which of the following is the graph of the circle whose equation is

(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 16?

A. C.

B. D.

7. The standard form of a circle is 𝑥2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 2, what would be the length of

the diameter?
A. √4 C. √2
B. 4 D. 2√2

8. What is the coordinates of the center of the circle whose graph is given
below?

A. (−4, −1) C. (−4, 1)

B. (4, −1) D. (4, 1)

9. What is the diameter of a circle given by the equation (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 100?
A. 20 units C. 10 units
C. 5 units D. 4 units

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10. A seismological station is located at (0, -2), 2 km away from a straight shoreline
where the x-axis runs through. The epicenter of an earthquake was determined to be
5 km away from the station. Give the equation of the curve that contains the possible
location of the epicenter.

A. 𝑥2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 52 C. 𝑥2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 52

B. 𝑥2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 52 D. 𝑥2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 52

20
 Key to Correction

10. D 10.C
9. A 9.C
8. B 8.D
7. B 7. N 7. C
6. A 6. I 6. C
5. D 5. N 5. A
4. B 4. S 4. A
3. B 3. A 3. C
2. C 2. N 2. D
1. A 1. A 1. A
Let’s Assess ACTIVITY 1. PRE-TEST

References

Books

Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd. Precalculus. Valenzuela, Philippines: JO-ES

Publishing House, Inc. 2016.

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources. Precalculus Learner's

Material. 2016.

Module

Lugtu, Erwin C. Module 3: Circle with Cneter at (h,k). First Edition. Division of Pasig
City. 2020.

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For comments or/and suggestions, please write or call:

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region

Meralco Avenue, corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telephone No. (02) 863-14070
Email Address: [email protected]

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