DepEd MIMAROPA

Curriculum and Learning Management Division

Senior High School

Pre-Calculus
Module 2: Circle

RO_MIMAROPA_SHS_Academic-
STEM_Pre-Calculus_Mod2
Pre-Calculus
Contextualized Self-Learning Module
Module 2: Circle
First Edition, 2022

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education-MIMAROPA Region

Regional Director: Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO III

OIC, Office of the Asst. Regional Director: Atty. Suzette T. Gannaban-Medina

Development Team

Writer: Jay-R DC. Osorio

Editors: Resy O. Villanueva, Lemuel I. Ordanza
Reviewers: Norman F. Magsino, Elsa M. Lim, Ritchie P. Dalangin
IPR Reviewer: Karol M. Manalaysay
Illustrators: Louie J. Cortez, Jefferson Repizo, Ernesto S. Lerio
Layout Artist: Robert B. Umandal
Management Team: Nicolas T. Capulong
Mariflor B. Musa
Freddie Rey R. Ramirez
Danilo C. Padilla
Laida M. Lagar-Mascareñas
Florina L. Madrid
Norman F. Magsino
Elsa M. Lim

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region

Office Address: Meralco Avenue, Corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City
Telefax: (02) 6314070
E-mail Address: [email protected]

2
 Lesson 2

Circle

MELC The learners…

1. define a circle, STEM_PC11AG-Ia-2 and
2. determine the standard form of an equation of a circle
STEM_PC11AG-Ia-3.

Objectives At the end of this module, the learners shall be able to:
1. define circle,
2. write equations of circles in standard form, and
3. sketch circles and identify the center and radius.

Let’s Try
Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Write the letter of the correct
answer in a clean sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following conic sections is defined as the locus of all points in
the plane having the same fixed positive distance called the radius, from a
fixed point called the center?
A. Circle C. Hyperbola
B. Ellipse D. Parabola
2. Which of the following is the center-radius form or the standard form of the

A. 𝑦2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑟2 C. 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 = 𝑟2
equation of a circle centered at (0,0) with radius r > 0?

B. 𝑦2 = 𝑥2 − 𝑟2 D. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2
3. What is the length of the radius of a circle with equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1
which is considered as the unit circle?
A. -1 C. 1
B. 0 D. 2
4. Assume that a point (x, y) is pick on the circle considering its center at (h, k),

A. 𝑟 = (x−h)2 +( y−k)2 C. 𝑟 = (x +h)2−( y +k )2

what is the radius?
√ √
B. 𝑟 = (x−h)2 −( y −k )2
√ D. 𝑟 = (x ∓ h)2+( y +k )2
√

5. What is the center-radius form of the equation of a circle of radius r with

center at (h, k)?
3
 A. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2 C. 𝑟 = (𝑥 + ℎ)2 + (𝑦 + 𝑘)2
B. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 − (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2 D. 𝑟 = (𝑥 + ℎ)2 − (𝑦 + 𝑘)2
6. Which of the following is the radius of the circle whose center is at (3, 5) and
touching the point (-1, 2)?
A. 3 C. 5
B. 4 D. 6
7. What is the center-radius form of the equation of a circle given in item
number 6?
A. (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 25 C. (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 25

8. Which of the following is the graph of the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4?

B. (𝑥 − 1) + (𝑦 + 2) = 25
2 2
D. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 25

A. C.

B. D.

9. What is the equation of the circle given its graph as shown below?

A. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4
B. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 4 = 0
C. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 16
D. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 16 = 0

10.Which of the following is the graph of the circle whose equation is

(𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 16?

4
 .
A. C.

B. D.

Let’s Explore and Discover

Have you ever wondered how this building or structure was designed? How are
different sizes of circles reflected in the design? Find out the answers to these
questions and determine the vast applications of the different sizes of circles.

Circle has been part of humanity because of its aesthetic importance. Likewise,
it is extensively used in architecture because it is easy to construct which make it a
regular figure in the construction of edifices, bridges, monuments, skyways, and
buildings.

5
 It is possible to recognize and graph equations of circles with relative ease.
We know from geometry that a circle consists of all points that are at a fixed
distance r, its radius, from a fixed point C, its center (See Figure 1). Suppose that a

If a point (𝑥, 𝑦) is on the circle, its distance from (0, 0) has to be r units (See Figure
circle is located in a Cartesian plane so that its center C is (0, 0) and its radius is r.

2).

Figure 2.
Figure 1.
Circle with center C (0,0) and
Circle with center C and
radius r
radius r

By the distance formula 𝑑 = ( x 2−x 1 ) + ( y 2− y 1 ) , x and y satisfy the equation

√ 2 2

√ ( x−0 ) +( y −0 ) =x + y =r .
2 2 2 2 2

Conversely, any ordered pair (x, y) that satisfies this equation defines a
point P(x , y) that lies on the circle with center at (0, 0) and radius r. Thus, we
have the following result:

Center-Radius Form of the Equation of a Circle with Center at (0 , 0)

Any point (x , y )on the circle with center (0 , 0) and radius r must satisfy the
standard equation

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝑟>
𝒓𝟐, 0.

Example 1.

Write the equation of the circle in center-radius or standard form with center
at the origin and radius, 4. Sketch the graph.

Substituting 4 for r in the equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2,

Solution:

x2 + 𝑦2 = 42
we get

or

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
6
 Figure 3. Figure 4.
Step 2. On the axes, plot the four points of
Step 1. Plot the center given its
the circle using the given r (in Example 1.
coordinates. In this case C(0,0)
r=4) as the distance from the center

Figure 5. Figure 6.

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
Step 3. Connect the 4 points in Step Step 4. Name the graph with
2 to form a circle

Example 2.

Find the center-radius or standard form of the equation of the circle whose center is
at (0, 0) with radius, 1 and sketch its graph.

Substituting 1 for r in the equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2,

Solution:

we get

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 12

7
 or
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
Following the steps of graphing a circle given above, the graph of 2
+ 𝑦2 = 1 is
given in Figure 7.

Note that a circle whose center is

at (0, 0) and has a radius of 1
unit has the center-radius

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1 and is called the

(standard) form equation

unit circle.

Figure 7.
Graph of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 1

Example 3.

The center-radius form of the equation of the circle is 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25. Find its center
and radius.

Solution:

Since the given equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25 satisfied the center-radius form

From the equation, 𝑟2 = 25. Finding the square root of both sides,
of the equation of a circle with center at (0, 0), its center is at the origin.

we get
√ r 2=± √ 25
r =±5

But, we reject -5 because the radius r of a circle is always positive

(r > 0)

Thus, the radius r of 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25 is +5 or 5 units.

Example 4.

Determine if the point (2, 3) is on the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 13.

Solution:

Given the point (2, 3), 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 3, 𝑟2 = 13.

Substituting x and y to the standard equation of a circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2

8
 we get

22 + 3 2 = 𝑟 2

4 + 9 = 𝑟2

13 = 𝑟2

Since it satisfies the value of 𝑟2 in the equation, the point (2, 3) is on

the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 13.

A circle is the locus of all points in the plane

having the same fixed positive distance r,
called radius, from a fixed point C, called
the center. Suppose that a circle is located in a

its radius is r. If a point (𝑥, 𝑦) is on the circle, its

Cartesian plane so that its center C is (h, k) and

distance from C(h, k) has to be r units (See Figure

8).

Figure 8.
Circle with Center C(h,k) and
radius r

By the distance formula 𝑑 = √ ( x −x ) + ( y − y ) ,

2 2
2 1 2 1
x and y satisfy the
equation √ ( x−h ) +( y −k ) =r or( x−h ) + ( y−k ) =r .
2 2 2 2 2

Conversely, any ordered pair (x , y ) that satisfies this equation

defines a point P(x , y) that lies on the circle with center at (h , k ) and
radius r. Thus, we have the following result:

Center-Radius Form Equation of a Circle with Center at (h, k)

Any point (x, y) on the circle with center (h, k) and radius r must satisfy
the standard equation

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝑟>

𝒓𝟐, 0.
Example 1:
Find the center-radius or standard form equation of the circle with radius 4 and
center at (-1, 3). Sketch its graph.
Solution:

From the given problem, we identified the values of r, h, and k as 4, -

1, and 3, respectively.

(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2, we get

Substituting 4 for r, -1 for h and 3 for k, in the equation (𝑥 − ℎ)2 +

9
 ¿ or
2
(x +1) +¿

To graph the circle, consider the following steps:

Figure 9. Figure 10.

Step 1. Plot the center given its Step 2. On the axes, plot the four
coordinates. In this case (-1,3) points of the circle using the
given r (in Example 1, r = 4) as

Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Step 3. Connect the 4 points in Step 2 to
Step 4. Label the graph.
form a circle. You may use a compass

10
Example 2:
Find the center-radius or standard form of the equation and sketch the graph
of the circle with center at (2, 5) and tangent to x-axis. (Recall that when a circle is
tangent to x-axis, that circle touches the x-axis at exactly one point. The segment
connecting this intersection point and the center of a circle is perpendicular to the
x-axis.)
Solution:

The center of the circle is at (2, 5). So, h = 2 and k = 5.

Since the circle is tangent to x-axis, the point of intersection of the

circle and the x-axis is at (2, 0). The distance from C (2, 5) and (2, 0) is
5. Therefore, r = 5.

k, in the equation (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2,

Substituting 5 for r, 2 for h, and 5 for

we get
2 2 2
(x−2) +( y −5) =5
or
2 2
( x−2) +( y −5) =25

Following the steps of graphing a

circle given above, the graph of (x – 2) 2 + (y
– 5)2 = 25 is given in Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Graph of (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 25

Example 3:

Find the center-radius or standard form of the equation and sketch the graph
of the circle with center at (2, 5) and tangent to the y-axis. (Recall that when a
circle is tangent to y-axis, that circle touches the y-axis at exactly one point. The
segment connecting this intersection point and the center of a circle is
perpendicular to the y-axis.)

Solution:

The center of the circle is at (2, 5). So, h = 2 and k = 5.

Since the circle is tangent to y-axis, the point of intersection of the circle and
the y-axis is at (0, 5). The distance from C (2, 5) and (0, 5) is 2. Therefore, r
= 2.

11
 Substituting 2 for r, 2 for h, and 5 for k, in the equation (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 =
𝒓𝟐, we get
2 2 2
(x−2) +( y −5) =2 or
2 2
(x−2) +( y −5) =4

Following the steps of graphing a

circle given above, the graph of

(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 4

is given in Figure 14.

Figure 14.
Graph of (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 25

Example 4.

A circle has a diameter with endpoints A(−1, 5) and B(2 , 1). Find its center-radius
form of the equation and sketch its graph.
Solution:

We let 𝑥1 = −1, 𝑦1 = 5, 𝑥2 = 2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦2 = 1.

The diameter of the given circle is the distance between A and B. Using the
distance formula, we get

√ 2
d ( AB )= ( x 2−x 1) + ( y 2− y 1 )
2

√
d ( AB )= ( 2−(−1 ) ) + ( 1−5 ) =¿ √ ( 3 ) + (−4 ) =√ 9+16=√ 25=5
2 2 2 2

5
Since the radius is half of a diameter, then r = .
2
It is also known that the midpoint of a diameter is the center of the circle. We
let the midpoint of A and B to be the coordinates of the center (h , k ). Then,
x 1 + x 2 −1+2 1
h= = =
2 2 2
y 1+ y 2 5+1
k= = =3
2 2

12
 5 1
Substituting for r, for h, and 3 for k, in the equation
2 2
( x−h )2+ ( y−k )2=r 2

( ) ()
2 2
1 ( 2 5
x− + y−3 ) =
2 2

( x− 12 ) +( y−3) = 254
2
2

Following the steps of graphing a circle given above, the graph of

( )
2
1 2 25
x− + ( y−3 ) = is given in Figure 15.
2 4

Figure 15.

( )
2
1 ( 2 25
Graph of x− + y−3 ) =
2 4

Let’s Practice
ACTIVITY 1. WHO AM I?

“LIFE IS FULL OF CIRCLE, WIDENING UNTIL IT JOINS THE CIRCLE MOTIONS

OF THE INFINITE”

13
 This passage was quoted by a French-born writer and novelist, who was
nailed by many critics as one of the finest writers. To know the person behind this
quotation, look for the correct coordinates of center and radius written in scroll for
each of the given equation below. Write the corresponding letter on the space
provided on the top of the number.

I _____
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

(−1 , 3), r=2

𝟐 𝟐 (−11,−1 ) ,r =12
𝑹
1. (x − 3) + (y − 5) = 121
N
2. x𝟐 + (y − 5)𝟐 = 36

(−1 , 13), r=2 (3 , 5), r =11

𝟐 𝟐
3. x + y = 11
S A

4. (x + 1)𝟐 + (y − 13)𝟐 = 4

(0 , 5),r =6 (9 , 0), r=9

𝟐 𝟐
5. (x − 9) + y = 81
N N

6. (x − 7)𝟐 + (y − 3)𝟐 = 7
(7 , 3),r =√ 7 (0 , 0),r =√ 11
7. (x + 11)𝟐 + (y + 1)𝟐 = 144
I A

(0 , 9), r=9 (5 , 0),r =6 (−3 ,−5), r=1

T E U

Let’s Do More
ACTIVITY 2.
Directions: Read the following situations carefully and analytically. Show your
pertinent solution in a clean sheet of paper. Please be guided by the scoring rubric
below.

14
 1. Ferris wheel is one of the rides used in “perya” or fanfare during the Feast of
Sto. Nino in Calapan City during the first week of December until the second
week of January. Given the coordinates of the center at C (2, 6) and 14
meters as the length of its diameter, determine the standard equation of the
Ferris wheel. Sketch the graph of the given problem in a cartesian coordinate
plane.

2. When an object is dropped into the surface of a still water, round-like ripples
or waves are formed that expand increasingly outwards. Different sizes of

water. If one of the circles has an equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 18𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 80 = 0,

these circular waves have the same center where an object touches the

what is the equation of a larger circular ripple if it passes through the point
(2, 5)?
SCORING RUBRIC

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Mathematica Steps and Most of the Steps and Steps and
l Error solutions have steps and solutions have solutions have
no solutions have mathematical plenty of
mathematical minimal errors mathematical
errors mathematical errors
errors
Neatness The work The work The work The work
presented is presented is presented has presented is
neat and neat and visible not organized
organized and somehow alterations and vaguely
solution is organized and and with presented
written legibly written legibly messy
solution
Diagrams Sketches are Sketches are Sketches are Sketches are
and well presented well presented presented and not well
Sketches and and somehow labeled presented and
completely labeled incorrectly labeled
labeled incorrectly
TOTAL 12 9 6 3

15
 Let’s Sum Up
ACTIVITY 3. LET US REFLECT

16
 Directions: Write a reflection about the lesson by answering each question
written in the circles. Each circle below represents a petal of a flower. Show your
creativity in accomplishing this task by coloring the petals and attaching your
beautiful selfie at the center of the flower. You will be guided by the scoring rubrics
given below.

17
 SCORING RUBRIC

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
90 – 100% of
80 – 89% of 70 – 79% of Less than
the content
the content the content 70% of the
are anchored
are anchored are anchored content are
Content in the
in the in the anchored in
question
question question the question
given in each
given given given
petal
Makes Makes good
Makes use of Uses font,
excellent use use of font,
font, color, color,
of font, color, color,
graphics, graphics,
graphics, graphics,
Attractiveness effects and effects and
effects and effects and
other to other to
other to other to
enhance enhance
enhance enhance
presentation presentation
presentation presentation
95 – 100% of 85 – 94% of 75 – 84% of Below 75% of
words on the words on the words on the words on the
Spelling and map are map are map are map are
Capitalization spelled and spelled and spelled and spelled and
capitalized capitalized capitalized capitalized
correctly correctly correctly correctly
Uses other
Presentation Presentation
people’s idea
shows a shows some
(giving them Uses other
large amount amount of
Originality credits) but people’s idea
of original original
and there is a and does not
thought. thought.
Creativeness little give them
Ideas are Ideas are
evidence of credit
creative and creative and
original
innovative innovative
thinking

TOTAL 16 12 8 4

18
 Let’s Assess
Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Write the letter of the correct
answer in a clean sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following conic sections is consists of all points that are at a fixed
distance r, its radius, from a fixed point C, its center?
A. Circle C. Hyperbola
B. Ellipse D. Parabola
2. Which of the following is the center-radius form or the standard form
1
equation of a circle centered at (0,0) with radius r = ?
2
2 2 1 2 2 1
A. x +y = C. x +y =
16 4
2 2 1 2 2 1
B. x +y = D. x +y =
8 2
3. Which equation is considered as the unit circle?
2 2 2 2
A. x + y =0 C. x + y =2
2 2 2 2
B. x + y =1 D. x + y =4
4. What is the standard equation of the given graph below?
2 2
A. x + y =5
2 2
B. x + y =25
2 2
C. x − y =5
2 2
D. x − y =25

5. Which of the following points lie on the circle with equation x 2+ y 2=25?

19
 A. (1, 2) C. (-1, -2)
B. (2, 1) D. (0, 5)

6. Which of the following is the graph of the circle whose equation is

(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 16?

A. C.

B. D.

7. The standard form of a circle is 𝑥2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 2, what would be the

length of the diameter?
A. √4 C. √2
B. 4 D. 2 √ 2

8. What is the coordinates of the center of the circle whose graph is given
below?

A. (−4, −1) C. (−4, 1)

B. (4, −1) D. (4, 1)

20
9. What is the diameter of a circle given by the equation (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 100?
A. 20 units C. 10 units
C. 5 units D. 4 units

10. A seismological station is located at (0, -2), 2 km away from a straight

shoreline where the x-axis runs through. The epicenter of an earthquake was
determined to be 5 km away from the station. Give the equation of the curve that
contains the possible location of the epicenter.

A. 𝑥2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 52 C. 𝑥2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 52

B. 𝑥2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 52 D. 𝑥2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 52

21
 Key to Correction

PRE-TEST ACTIVITY 1. Let’s Assess

1. A 1. A 1. A
2. D 2. N 2. C
3. C 3. A 3. B
4. A 4. S 4. B
5. A 5. N 5. D
6. C 6. I 6. A
7. C 7. N 7. B
8.D 8. B
9.C 9. A
10.C 10. D

References

Books

Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd. Precalculus. Valenzuela, Philippines: JO-ES

Publishing House, Inc. 2016.
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources. Precalculus Learner's
Material. 2016.

Module

Lugtu, Erwin C. Module 3: Circle with Cneter at (h,k). First Edition. Division of Pasig
City. 2020.

22
For comments or/and suggestions, please write or call:

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region

Meralco Avenue, corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telephone No. (02) 863-14070
23
Email Address: [email protected]