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FP Assignment in Classical Conditioning

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ananya.gulati202
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3 views

FP Assignment in Classical Conditioning

Uploaded by

ananya.gulati202
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Date:- 5/12/2024

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING:
PRINCIPLES, CONCEPTS, AND
APPLICATIONS

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, FIRST


DESCRIBED BY IVAN PAVLOV, IS A
TYPE OF LEARNING WHERE AN
ORGANISM ASSOCIATES A
PREVIOUSLY NEUTRAL STIMULUS
WITH A NATURALLY OCCURRING
STIMULUS, LEADING TO A
LEARNED RESPONSE. IT IS ONE OF
THE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN
BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY AND
EMPHASIZES REFLEXIVE,
INVOLUNTARY BEHAVIORS.
PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING

1. UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS
(UCS): A STIMULUS THAT
NATURALLY TRIGGERS A
RESPONSE.
EXAMPLE: FOOD CAUSING
SALIVATION IN DOGS.
2. UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE
(UCR): THE UNLEARNED,
AUTOMATIC REACTION TO THE
UCS.
EXAMPLE: SALIVATION IN
RESPONSE TO FOOD.

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3. NEUTRAL STIMULUS (NS) : A
STIMULUS THAT INITIALLY ELICITS
NO SPECIFIC RESPONSE.
EXAMPLE: A BELL SOUND.
4. CONDITIONED STIMULUS
(CS): THE NS BECOMES A CS AFTER
BEING PAIRED WITH THE UCS.
EXAMPLE: THE BELL SOUND
PAIRED WITH FOOD.
5. CONDITIONED RESPONSE
(CR): THE LEARNED RESPONSE TO
THE CS.
EXAMPLE: SALIVATION IN
RESPONSE TO THE BELL.

KEY CONCEPTS OF CLASSICAL


CONDITIONING
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1. ACQUISITION: THE PROCESS
OF LEARNING THE ASSOCIATION
BETWEEN THE UCS AND NS.
EXAMPLE: A DOG LEARNS TO
ASSOCIATE THE BELL WITH FOOD.
2. EXTINCTION: THE GRADUAL
WEAKENING OF THE CR WHEN THE
CS IS REPEATEDLY PRESENTED
WITHOUT THE UCS.
EXAMPLE: THE DOG STOPS
SALIVATING WHEN THE BELL IS
RUNG WITHOUT FOOD.
3. SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY :
THE REAPPEARANCE OF AN
EXTINGUISHED CR AFTER SOME
TIME.
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4. GENERALIZATION: THE
TENDENCY TO RESPOND TO
STIMULI SIMILAR TO THE CS.
EXAMPLE: A DOG SALIVATES TO A
TONE SIMILAR TO THE ORIGINAL
BELL.
5. DISCRIMINATION: THE
ABILITY TO DIFFERENTIATE
BETWEEN THE CS AND OTHER
STIMULI.
EXAMPLE: THE DOG SALIVATES
ONLY TO THE SPECIFIC BELL IT
WAS CONDITIONED TO.

APPLICATIONS OF CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING

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1. BEHAVIORAL THERAPY :
• TREATMENT OF PHOBIAS:
SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION
PAIRS RELAXATION TECHNIQUES
WITH EXPOSURE TO THE FEARED
STIMULUS.
• AVERSION THERAPY:
ASSOCIATES AN UNDESIRABLE
BEHAVIOR WITH AN UNPLEASANT
STIMULUS TO REDUCE THE
BEHAVIOR.
2. EDUCATION:
• HELPS IN CLASSROOM
MANAGEMENT BY ASSOCIATING
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT (E.G.,
PRAISE) WITH DESIRABLE
BEHAVIORS.
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3. ADVERTISING:
• BRANDS PAIR THEIR
PRODUCTS WITH PLEASANT
STIMULI (E.G., MUSIC,
CELEBRITIES) TO ELICIT POSITIVE
EMOTIONS.
4. HEALTHCARE:
• CONDITIONED TASTE
AVERSION IS USED TO TREAT
PATIENTS WITH UNHEALTHY
EATING HABITS.
5. ANIMAL TRAINING:
• TRAINING PETS BY
ASSOCIATING COMMANDS WITH
REWARDS.

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KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
CLASSICAL AND OPERANT
CONDITIONING

ASPECT CLASSICAL CONDITIONING


OPERANT CONDITIONING
DISCOVERY IVAN PAVLOV B.F.
SKINNER
NATURE OF BEHAVIOR
INVOLUNTARY, REFLEXIVE
RESPONSESVOLUNTARY
BEHAVIORS
FOCUS ASSOCIATION BETWEEN
STIMULI CONSEQUENCES OF
BEHAVIOR
KEY ELEMENTS UCS, UCR, CS, CR,
NS REINFORCEMENT
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(POSITIVE/NEGATIVE),
PUNISHMENT
STIMULUS TIMING STIMULUS
PRECEDES THE RESPONSE
STIMULUS FOLLOWS THE
RESPONSE
LEARNING PROCESS BASED ON
PAIRING OF STIMULIBASED ON
REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS
EXAMPLE DOG SALIVATING AT
THE SOUND OF A BELL A CHILD
CLEANING THEIR ROOM TO EARN A
REWARD

THIS DIFFERENTIATION
HIGHLIGHTS THAT CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING DEALS WITH
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INVOLUNTARY RESPONSES, WHILE
OPERANT CONDITIONING
REVOLVES AROUND VOLUNTARY
BEHAVIORS SHAPED BY
CONSEQUENCES.

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