DR GL DUTTA DAV PUBLIC

SCHOOL , TRASPORT NAGAR

PATNA

PHYSICS INVESTOGATORY PROJECT

2024-2025

To investigate the relation between the ratio of (i)

output and input voltage and (ii) no. of turn in
primary coil and secondary coil of a self designed
transformer.

Submitted by, Submitted to.

Kumar Vishwash Shailendra Pandey Sir.
Class 12-A. ,
CERTIFICATE
It is hereby to certify that ,the original and genuine
investigation work has been carried out to investigate
about the subject matter and the related data co ection and
investigation has been completely solely,
Sincerely and satisfactory done by KUMAR
VISHWASH of CLASS 12-A, Dr Gl Dutta DAV
Public School regarding the project title “To Investigate the
relation between the ratio of (i) Output and input voltage
and (ii) No. of turns in primary and secondary coil”

Primcipal’s Signature

Internal Examiner External examiner

ll
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The successful completion of any task would be incomplete

without mentioning the names of those person who help to make it
possible. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude in few
words and respect to a those who helped me in completion of this
project.
It is my humble pleasure to acknowledge my deep senses of
gratitude to my Physics teacher, Mr Shailendra Pandey Sir for his
valuable support, constant help and guidance at each and every
stage, without which this project would not have come forth.
I also register my sense of gratitude to our principal, Mr VK
Pathak, for his immense encouragement that has made this project
successful.
I would also like to thank my iend and family for encouraging
me during the course of this project.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank CBSE for giving up
the opportunity to undertake this project.
ll
fr
OVERVIEW
• Aim
•Introduction
•Theory
•Procedure
•Observation
•Result
•Precaution
•Bibliography
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relation
between the ratio of:~
• input and output voltage
• number of turns in the
secondary and primary coil
 INTRODUCTION
The transformer is a device used for converting a low alternating voltage to
high alternating voltage or vice versa. A transformer is based on the
principle of mutual induction according to this principle, the amount of
magnetic ux linked with the oil changes and EMF is induced in
neighbouring coil

• A transformer electrical device which is used for changing the AC voltage

.
• A transformer most widely used device in both low and high current
circuits. Such transformers are built in an amazing strength of sizes.

•In electronic, measurement and control circuits, transformer size maybe so

sma i.e the weight only a few tens of grams where are in high voltage
power circuits , it may weight hundred of tones.

• in a transformer, the electrical energy transferred om one circuit to

another circuit without the use of moving parts
.
ll
fl
fr
 TRANSFORMER
There are mainly two types of transformer:

a) Step Up Transformer= Transformer which increases the voltage.

b)Step Down Transformer = Transformer which decreases the

voltage.

TRANSFORMER IS AN ESSENTIAL PIECE OF

APPARATUS FOR BOTH HIGH AND LOW CURRENT
CIRCUIT.
 USES OF
TRANSFORMER
• In voltage regulator for TV, re igerator,
computer, air conditioner, etc.
• A step down transformer is used for welding
purpose.
• A step down transformer is used for obtaining
large current.
• A set up transformer is for production of X-rays
and neon advertisement.
• Transformers are used in voltage regulators and
stabilised power supplies.
• Transformers are you in transmission of alternate
current over long distances.
• Sma transformer are used in radio,telephone ,
loudspeaker, electric be s, etc.
ll
ll
fr
 THEORY
When an alternating emf
is supplied to the primary coil p1p2, alternating current start fa ing in
it . The alternating current in the primary coil produces a changing
magnetic ux, which induced alternating voltage in the primary as
we as secondary coil.

In a good transformer, whole of the magnetic ux linked with primary

also with secondary coil and then induced emf in each turn of the
secondary is equal to the induced emf in each turn of primary coil.
Thus if Ep and Es be the instant instantaneous values of emfs
induced in the primary and the secondary coil of a transformer i.e

dø/dt= rate of change of ux in each turn of the coil at this instant.

We have ,
Ep= -Np.dø/dt …..(I)
and
Es=-Ns.dø/dt ……(II)
ll
fl
fl
fl
ll
 Since the above relations are true at every instant, so by dividing
equation(II) by (I), we get
Es/Ep=-Ns/Np ……..(III)

As Ep is the instantaneous value of back emf induced in the

primary coil is due to di erence (E-Ep)in the instantaneous values
of the applied and back emf further Rp is the resistance, p1p2 coil,
then the instantaneous current Ip in the primary coil is given by

Ip=E-Ep/Rp
E-Ep=IpRp

When the resistance of the primary coil is sma , RpIp can be

neglected
So,therefore
E-Ep=0. i.e Ep=E
Thus back emf = input emf
Hence equation (III) can be written as :-
Es/Ep=Es/E
=Ns/Np=K
Where K is constant, ca ed the transformation ratio.
ll
ff
ll
 PROCEDURE
•Take a laminated iron core and wind a sma no of
(about 2000) turns of thick insulated copper wire
uniformly on it leaving two ee ends P1P2.

•Wind a large numbers of turns (about 100) of thin

insulated copper wire on the opposite arm of the core
leaving two ee end S1 and S2.

•Connect a primary coil to a variable ac supply source

and secondary to ac voltmeter of suitable range.

•Connect an ac voltmeter across the primary to

measure the input voltage.
fr
fr
ll
 OBSERVATION

~>Number of turns in primary coil,

Np=2000

~>Number of turns in secondary coil,

Ns =100

Sr no. Input voltage output voltage Es/Ep

01. 12V 220V 20
02. 240V 12V 20
 RESULT
Clearly Es/Ep = Ns/Np

The output voltage of the

transformer across the secondary
coil depends upon ratio of Ns/Np
with respect to input voltage.
📝
 PRECAUTIONS
• Keep yourself safe
form voltage
• While taking the
reading of current and
voltage of ac should be
remain constant to get
actual reading
Bibliography
I have completed my project
with the help of fo owing
sources :
• NCERT Wikipedia
• www.wikipedia.com
• Physics lab manual
ll