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WEEK 4

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12 views

WEEK 4

Uploaded by

benzogenius38
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WEEK 4 and 5: VARIABLES,

STATEMENTS &EXPRESSIONS
By

Michael Kumakech
VARIABLES
• Variables in C Programming
are a container to hold the
value of a data type.
• A variable is a memory
allocation space to a data
type.
• They help the compiler to
create memory space for the
type of Variable.
• Each variable has a unique
name.
Syntax of Variable in C

Syntax of Variable in C is:


data_type variable_name = value
Example:
• int num = 3
Here,
• int is the data type
• num is a variable name
• 3 is the variable value
What is a Variable in C Programming
• A Variable in C programming consists of two parts, Variable
definition, and initialization.
• Variable definition = it consists of the data type and the variable
name. This part helps to identify the variable data type and its
identifier. Each data type consumes different memory, so it is
necessary to define the variable type.
• Variable initialization = variable initialization means to provide some
value to the variable as per the data type.
Rules for Variable Names in C Programming

1. Variable names will always start with an alphabet and underscore.


Example: num, name, a, x, _value.
2. Variable names in C will never start with a digit. Example: 4name, is an
invalid name.
3. Variables should be declared with their data type. Variable names
without data type will generate errors. For example, int a =2 is valid. a =
2 is an invalid variable.
4. C is a strongly typed language, you cannot change the data type of a
variable after its definition.
5. Reserved keywords cannot be used as a variable name in C
programming.
6. No white spaces are allowed within the variable name.
What is the Scope and Lifetime of a Variable?
• The scope is the variable region in which it
can be used. Beyond that area, you cannot
use a variable.
• Global scope is the entire program. Global
variables can be used anywhere throughout
the program.
• Lifetime is the life or alive state of a variable
in the memory. It is the time for which a
variable can hold its memory.
• An automatic lifetime variable or global
variable activates when they are called else
they vanish when the function executes.
Types of Variables and its Scope

There are 5 types of variables in C language, which are:


1. Local Variable
2. Global Variable
3. Static Variable
4. Automatic Variable
5. External Variable
Local Variables

• Local variables are declared and


initialized at the start of a
function or block and allocated
memory inside that execution
scope.
• The statements only inside that
function can access that local
variable.
• Such variables get destroyed
when the control exits from the
function.
Global Variables

• The global variable in C is


defined outside of any function
and is therefore accessible to all
functions.
• Global variables in C are
initialized when the program
starts, and until the program
exits, these variables remain
stored in the memory.
Static Variable in C

• Static variables enable data to


remain after the function has
been executed and returned;
this allows the function to
remember a value from a
previous call, making it both
efficient and powerful.
• We will learn in detail about
static variables and functions in
the section, Boolean and Static
in C
Automatic Variable in C

• All the local variables are


automatic variables by default.
• They are also known as auto
variables.
• All variables declared in C
programming are automatic by
default. You can use the auto
keyword to declare the
automatic variable.
• An automatic variable is a local
variable whose lifetime is within
the code only.
External Variable in C

• The extern variables use the extern


keyword before the variable
definition.
• This enhances the variable
visibility, and the variable can be
used in different C files.
• It is a global variable.
• It is not necessary to initialize the
variable at the time of its
declaration.
• Its lifetime is the entire program.
Constant Variables in C

• The constant variables are


special variables in C whose
value does not change
throughout the program after
initialization.
• It is a read-only variable in C.
• Initializing a constant variable at
the time of variable declaration
is mandatory.
• It uses the “const” keyword
before its definition.
Reading Materials
LABs Link:
• https://www.scholarhat.com/tutorial/c/variables-in-c-language

Video Link:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Es0OziaqaOY
Statements in C
• A computer program is a list of
"instructions" to be "executed"
by a computer.
• In a programming language,
these programming instructions
are called statements.
• The following statement
"instructs" the compiler to print
the text "Hello World" to the
screen:
• It is important that you end the
statement with a semicolon ;
Expression in C

• An expression in C language is a combination of symbols, numbers,


and/or text that produces a particular result.
• These expressions are evaluated and can be used to assign values to
variables, perform mathematical operations, or execute different
actions such as comparison and Boolean logic.
• Expressions in C consist of C language constants (numbers or strings),
C language operators (arithmetic, assignment, relational), and C
language variables representing values stored in computer memory.
Types of Expressions in C
Arithmetic Expression in C

• An arithmetic expression
consists of operands and
arithmetic operators.
• It performs computations on the
int, float, or double type values.
• Arithmetic operations can be
performed in a single line of
code or multiple lines combined
with arithmetic operations such
as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division.
Relational Expression in C

• Relational expressions use


comparison operators such as '>'
(greater than) and '<' (less than)
to compare two operands.
• The result of the comparison is a
boolean value i.e. 0(false) or
non-zero (true)
Logical Expression in C

• Logical expressions in C are a


powerful tool for controlling the
logic of the flow of the program.
• They are made by combining as
many relational expressions as
the programmer wants.
• It then determines if certain
statements or groups of
statements should be executed
or not.
Logical Expression in C
Conditional Expression in C

• The conditional
expression
consists of three
operands.
• It returns 1 if the
condition is true
otherwise 0.

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