Computer Networks

Chapter 6
Binary to Decimal, Hexadecimal Conversion

By: Hamssa Hasrouny

6-1
Positional Notation
‣ A positional or place-value notation is a numeral system in which each position is related to the next by a
constant multiplier, called the base or radix of that numeral system.

‣ The value of each digit position is the value of its digit, multiplied by a power of the base.
The power is determined by the digit's position.

‣ The value of a positional number is the total of the values of its positions.

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Binary System
‣ A binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system
• Uses only two symbols: 0 and 1
• A single binary digit is called a bit.

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6-7
(Base 10) (Base 2) (Base 16)

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6-9
Examples:
DIGIT × BASE #POSITION

Decimal Number:

4567
= 4000 + 500 + 60 + 7
= (4 × 1000) + (5 × 100) + (6 × 10) + (7 × 1)
= (4 × 10 ) + (5 × 10 ) + (6 × 10 ) + (7 ×10 )
3 2 1 0

Binary to decimal:

(11101)2 =
(1×2 )+(1×2 )+(1×2 )+(0× 2 )+(1×2 )
4 3 2 1 0

= (1×16)+(1×8)+(1×4)+(0×2)+(1×1)= 16+8+4+0+1= 29d

Hexadecimal to decimal

(1FA)16=
(1×16 )+(F×16 )+(A×16 )=(1×16 )+(15×16 )+(10×16 )=506d
2 1 0 2 1 0

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 Decimal to Binary
4410 to base 2

(44)10 = (101100)2

Decimal to Hexadecimal
3110 ? hexadecimal
3110 = 1F16

31/16 = 1 remainder = 15

1/16 = 0 remainder = 1

6-11
Binary to Hexadecimal
base 16 =24
Each bit in hexadecimal is expanded over 4bits in binary and vice-versa
Base16: 0, 1, … 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

Example :
F16 = 1111
Convert 1111012 to Hexadecimal

1111012 = 0011 11012 = = (1x21 + 1x20) (1x23 +1x22 +1x20)= 3 13

1111012 → 3D16

Hexadecimal to Binary
convert 3D16 to Binary

316 =00112
D16 =11012
3D16 = 0011 11012
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 Binary and IPv4 Addresses

• Binary numbering system consists of 1s and 0s, called bits

• Decimal numbering system consists of digits 0 through 9
• Hosts, servers, and network equipment using binary addressing to identify each other.
• Each address is made up of a string of 32 bits, divided into four sections called octets.
• Each octet contains 8 bits (or 1 byte) separated by a dot.
• For ease of use by people, this dotted notation is converted to dotted decimal.

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 The binary positional notation system operates as shown in the tables below.
Radix 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Position in Number 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Calculate (27) (26) (25) (24) (23) (22) (21) (20)

Position Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Positional Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Binary Number (11000000) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Calculate 1x128 1x64 0x32 0x16 0x8 0x4 0x2 0x1

Add Them Up… 128 + 64 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0

Result 192

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 Binary Number System
Convert Binary to Decimal
Convert 11000000.10101000.00001011.00001010 to decimal.
Positional Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Binary Number (11000000) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Calculate 1x128 1x64 0x32 0x16 0x8 0x4 0x2 0x1

Add Them Up… 128 + 64 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 192

Binary Number (10101000) 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

Calculate 1x128 0x64 1x32 0x16 1x8 0x4 0x2 0x1

Add Them Up… 128 +0 + 32 +0 +8 +0 +0 +0 168

Binary Number (00001011) 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
192.168.11.10
Calculate 0x128 0x64 0x32 0x16 1x8 0x4 1x2 1x1

Add Them Up… 0 +0 +0 +0 +8 +0 +2 +1 11

Binary Number (00001010) 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

Calculate 0x128 0x64 0x32 0x16 1x8 0x4 1x2 0x1

Add Them Up… 0 +0 +0 +0 +8 +0 +2 +0 10

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 Binary Number System
Decimal to Binary Conversion Example
• Convert decimal 168 to binary
Is 168 > 128?
- Yes, enter 1 in 128 position and subtract 128 (168-128=40)
Is 40 > 64?
- No, enter 0 in 64 position and move on
Is 40 > 32?
- Yes, enter 1 in 32 position and subtract 32 (40-32=8)
Is 8 > 16?
- No, enter 0 in 16 position and move on
Is 8 > 8?
- Equal. Enter 1 in 8 position and subtract 8 (8-8=0)
No values left. Enter 0 in remaining binary positions

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Decimal 168 is written as 10101000 in binary
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 Binary Number System
IPv4 Addresses
• Routers and computers only understand binary, while humans work in decimal.

End of Chapter 6 6-19