30/5/22, 16:42 Personal Archlinux Installation Guide with btrfs AND snapshots – Telegraph

Personal Archlinux Installation Guide with btrfs

AND snapshots
dakataca • May 17, 2022

Content
1 Errors in archiso
∟ 1.1 SCHED ERROR
∟ ∟ 1.1.1 Solution
2 Keyboard and font terminal
3 Wifi
∟ 3.1 Iwd
∟ ∟ 3.1.1 Adapters and devices
∟ ∟ 3.1.2 Station mode
∟ ∟ ∟ 3.1.2.1 Visible networks
∟ ∟ ∟ 3.1.2.2 Hidden networks
∟ 3.2 Check internet connection
4 UEFI or legacy bios
∟ 4.1 UEFI bios
∟ 4.2 Legacy bios
5 Update system clock
6 Storage devices
∟ 6.1 List storage devices
∟ 6.2 Verify storage device partition scheme
∟ 6.3 Partitions
∟ ∟ 6.3.1 Create partitions
∟ ∟ 6.3.2 Listing created partitions
∟ ∟ 6.3.3 Partitions formating
7 Subvolumes
∟ 7.1 System mounting options
8 Pacman configuration
∟ 8.1 Reflector mirrorlist
∟ ∟ 8.1.1 America
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∟ ∟ 8.1.2 Europe
9 Install essential packages
∟ 9.1 Install packages for UEFI system
∟ 9.2 Install packages for legacy system
10 Configure the system
∟ 10.1 Fstab
∟ 10.2 Chroot
∟ 10.3 Time zone
∟ 10.4 Localization
∟ 10.5 Network
∟ 10.6 Initramfs
∟ ∟ 10.6.1 Add btrfs module
∟ ∟ 10.6.2 Early KMS start (recommended)
∟ ∟ ∟ 10.6.2.1 Intel graphics
∟ ∟ ∟ 10.6.2.2 Amd graphics
∟ ∟ 10.6.3 Recreate the initramfs image
∟ 10.7 Boot loader
∟ ∟ 10.7.1 Grub
∟ ∟ ∟ 10.7.1.1 Install grub
∟ ∟ ∟ 10.7.1.2 Config grub
∟ ∟ ∟ 10.7.1.3 Generate grub.cfg
∟ 10.8 Users and groups
∟ 10.9 Pacman configuration
∟ 10.10 Microcode
∟ 10.11 Aditional packages
∟ 10.12 Network manager
∟ ∟ 10.12.1 Iwd
11 Unmount partitions and restart system
12 Wifi
∟ 12.1 Iwd
∟ ∟ 12.1.1 Station mode
∟ ∟ 12.1.2 Visible networks
∟ ∟ 12.1.3 Hidden networks
∟ ∟ 12.1.4 Check internet connection

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13 Snapper
∟ 13.1 Create configuration
∟ 13.2 Snapshots configuration
∟ 13.3 Automatically update grub upon snapshot
14 Reflector mirrorlist
∟ 14.1 America
∟ 14.2 Europe
15 User configurations

1 Errors in archiso

1.1 SCHED ERROR

Ante un error de éste tipo durante el inicio de archiso:

[171.533340] nouveau 0000.03.00.0: fifo: SCHED_ERROR 06 []

[171.533539] nouveau 0000.03.00.0: fifo: SCHED_ERROR 06 []
[171.534340] nouveau 0000.03.00.0: fifo: SCHED_ERROR 06 []
...

1.1.1 Solution
Press e when the menu appeart and in the line initramfs-linux.img add the
following kernel parameters to disable modesetting:

nomodeset nouveau.modeset=0

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Press enter key.

2 Keyboard and font terminal

Set the latin keyboard layout/font (us: default):

# loadkeys la-latin1
# setfont Lat2-Terminus16

3 Wifi
Connect internet using wifi.

3.1 Iwd

3.1.1 Adapters and devices

List Wi-Fi adapters and devices:

root@archiso~# iwctl
NetworkConfigurationEnabled: enabled
StateDirectory: /var/lib/iwd
Version: 1.27
[iwd]# adapter list

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Adapters
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Powered Vendor Model
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
phy0 on Qualcomm AtherosQCA9565 / AR9565 Wir

[iwd]# device list

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Devices
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Address Powered Adapter Mode
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
wlan0 80:a5:89:d7:6c:3d on phy0 station
[iwd]#

If the adapter and device are turned on, continue the guide, if not:
Check the driver status:

# lspci -kv | grep -A7 Network

If all goes well continue with the guide, if not:

• Try loading the driver module manually.

• Try to up the network interface manually.

3.1.2 Station mode

List wifi devices on station mode:

root@archiso~# iwctl
NetworkConfigurationEnabled: enabled
StateDirectory: /var/lib/iwd
Version: 1.27
[iwd]# station list
Devices in Station Mode *
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Name State Scanning

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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
wlan0 disconnect

3.1.2.1 Visible networks

List networks and connect to a:

[iwd]# station wlan0 scan

[iwd]# station wlan0 get-networks
Available networks *
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Network name Security Signal
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
PETRO PRESIDENTE psk ****

[iwd]# station wlan0 connect 'PETRO PRESIDENTE '

password:******

3.1.2.2 Hidden networks

Connect hidden networks:

[iwd]# station wlan0 connect-hidden 'PETRO PRESIDENTE '

password:******

3.2 Check internet connection:

# ping -c3 archlinux.org
PING archlinux.org (95.217.163.246) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from archlinux.org (95.217.163.246): icmp_seq=1 ttl=50
time=202 ms
64 bytes from archlinux.org (95.217.163.246): icmp_seq=2 ttl=50
time=222 ms
64 bytes from archlinux.org (95.217.163.246): icmp_seq=3 ttl=50
time=207 ms
--- archlinux.org ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 201.582/210.083/222.138/8.760 ms

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4 UEFI or legacy bios

Check boot type, UEFI or BIOS/Legacy:

# ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

4.1 UEFI bios

Is UEFI

4.2 Legacy bios

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Is BIOS/Legacy

5 Update system clock:

# timedatectl set-ntp true

6 Storage devices

6.1 List storage devices:

# lsblk -Spo NAME,MODEL,SIZE,VENDOR,RM

6.2 Verify storage device partition scheme:

# parted /dev/sda print | egrep "Model|msdos|gpt"

6.3 Partitions

6.3.1 Create partitions:

# cfdisk /dev/sda
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6.3.2 Listing created partitions:

# lsblk -po NAME,FSTYPE,LABEL,MOUNTPOINT,SIZE /dev/sda

6.3.3 Partitions formating

Legacy boot:

# mkfs.ext4 -F -L "legacy" /dev/sda1

UEFI boot:

# mkfs.fat -F32 -n "UEFI" /dev/sda1

Swap partition:

# mkswap -L "swap" /dev/sda2

# swapon /dev/sda2

Root partition:

# mkfs.btrfs -f -L "root" -R free-space-tree -n 32k /dev/sda3

List partitions:

# lsblk -po NAME,FSTYPE,LABEL,MOUNTPOINT,SIZE /dev/sda

7 Subvolumes
Mount root partition:

# mount /dev/sda3 /mnt

Create subvolumes:

# btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@

# btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@home

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# btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@var_log

# btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@var_tmp
# btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@snapshots

List subvolumes:

# btrfs subvolume list -p /mnt

Umount partition root:

# umount /mnt

7.1 System mounting options

Mount root partition with options:

# mount -o noatime,compress=lzo,subvol=@ /dev/sda3 /mnt

Create mount points:

# mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,home,var/{log,tmp},.snapshots}

Mount boot partition:

# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot

Mount subvolumes with options:

# mount -o noatime,compress=lzo,subvol=@home /dev/sda3 /mnt/home

# mount -o noatime,compress=lzo,subvol=@var_log /dev/sda3 /mnt/var/log
# mount -o noatime,compress=lzo,subvol=@var_tmp /dev/sda3 /mnt/var/tmp
# mount -o noatime,compress=lzo,subvol=@snapshots /dev/sda3
/mnt/.snapshots

List partitions:

# lsblk -po NAME,FSTYPE,LABEL,MOUNTPOINT,SIZE /dev/sda

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8 Pacman configuration
Enable/uncomment parallel downloads, comic pacman and color on "# misc
options" section:

# nvim /etc/pacman.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Misc options
Color
ParallelDownloads = 5
ILoveCandy

8.1 Reflector mirrorlist

Get in detail the 20 download mirrors synchronized in the last 12 hours, with a
response time of no more than 35 seconds, classify them by speed and overwrite
the file /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist , from the countries:

8.1.1 America
Canada 🇨🇦, Chile 🇨🇱, Brazil 🇧🇷, Ecuador 🇪🇨, United States 🇺🇸 and Colombia 🇨🇴:
# curl -s ix.io/3V9q | bash

8.1.2 Europe
France🇫🇷, Germany 🇩🇪, Spain 🇪🇸, United Kingdom 🇬🇧, Italy 🇮🇹, Switzerland 🇨🇭
and Hungary 🇭🇺:

# curl -s ix.io/3YXN | bash

9 Install essential packages

Use the pacstrap(8) script to install essentials packages.
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9.1 Install packages for UEFI system:

# pacstrap /mnt base{,-devel} linux{,-{headers,firmware}} grub ntfs-3g
gvfs-{mtp,afc,gphoto2} neovim git os-prober efibootmgr

9.2 Install packages for legacy system:

# pacstrap /mnt base{,-devel} linux{,-{headers,firmware}} grub ntfs-3g
gvfs-{mtp,afc,gphoto2} neovim git os-prober

10 Configure the system

10.1 Fstab
Generate an fstab file defined for UUID:

# genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

10.2 Chroot
Change root into the new system:

# arch-chroot /mnt

10.3 Time zone

Set the time zone for Colombia:

# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Bogota /etc/localtime

Run hwclock(8) to generate /etc/adjtime :

# hwclock --systohc

Set system clock to start in UTC mode (optional):

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# timedatectl set-local-rtc 0

10.4 Localization
Edit /etc/locale.gen and uncomment es_CO.UTF-8 UTF-8 for Spanish
Colombia:

# nvim /etc/locale.gen
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
es_CO.UTF-8 UTF-8

Generate the locales by running:

# locale-gen

Create the locale.conf(5) file, and set the LANG variable accordingly:

# nvim /etc/locale.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
LANG=es_CO.UTF-8

Set the keyboard layout and console font in vconsole.conf(5):

# nvim /etc/vconsole.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
KEYMAP=la-latin1
FONT=Lat2-Terminus16

10.5 Network
Create the hostname file:

# echo arch > /etc/hostname

Set system with a fully qualified domain name:

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# nvim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 arch.localdomain arch

10.6 Initramfs
Modify mkinitcpio.conf(5) and add necessary modules.

10.6.1 Add btrfs module:

# nvim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
MODULES=(btrfs)

10.6.2 Early KMS start (recommended)

I may need to enable kms early startup.

10.6.2.1 Intel graphics

Enable early KMS for the Intel graphics driver:

# nvim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
MODULES=(btrfs intel_agp i915)

10.6.2.2 Amd graphics

• AMDGPU: Use amdgpu driver for AMD Radeon graphics cards from the Graphics
Core Next family.

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• ATI: Use radeon when using the legacy ATI driver, which supports the majority of
AMD (previously ATI) GPUs.

KMS for AMDGPU:

# nvim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
MODULES=(btrfs amdgpu)

KMS for ATI:

# nvim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
MODULES=(btrfs radeon)

10.6.3 Recreate the initramfs image

Generate manual all presets:

# mkinitcpio -P

10.7 Boot loader

Choose and install a Linux-capable bootloader.

10.7.1 Grub

10.7.1.1 Install grub

Install grub on a GPT partition with UEFI bootloader :

# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-

id=Archlinux

Install grub on a MBR partition with Legacy bootloader :

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# grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sda

10.7.1.2 Config grub

Detecting other operating systems

Remove "quiet" option and uncomment os-prober option:

# nvim /etc/default/grub
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="loglevel=3"
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false

10.7.1.3 Generate grub.cfg

# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

10.8 Users and groups

Set the root password:

# passwd

Add user with system groups, user groups and pre-systemd groups:

# useradd -mg users -G power,wheel,storage,input,video,audio -s

/bin/bash dakataca

Set dakataca user password:

# passwd dakataca

To allow members of group wheel sudo access uncomment:

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# nvim /etc/sudoers
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

10.9 Pacman configuration

Enable/uncomment multilib repository, parallel downloads, comic pacman and
color on "# misc options" section:

# nvim /etc/pacman.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Misc options
Color
ParallelDownloads = 3
ILoveCandy

[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

10.10 Microcode
Enable microcode updates.

Install AMD microcode package:

# pacman -Sy amd-ucode --noconfirm

Install Intel microcode package:

# pacman -Sy intel-ucode --noconfirm

10.11 Aditional packages

Aditionals Packages required for btrfs, wifi and fonts.

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# pacman -S iwd grub-btrfs snapper reflector rsync ttf-

{inconsolata,dejavu,hack,roboto,liberation} openresolv --needed –
noconfirm

10.12 Network manager

10.12.1 Iwd
Create configuration directory:

# mkdir -p /etc/iwd/

Select DNS manager resolv.conf and configure routes using the built-in DHCP
client:

# nvim /etc/iwd/main.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
[Network]
NameResolvingService=resolvconf

[General]
EnableNetworkConfiguration=true

Enable unit iwd.service

# systemctl enable iwd.service

Google DNS servers with resolv.conf

# nvim /etc/resolv.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Resolver configuration file.
# See resolv.conf(5) for details.
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

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Overwriting of /etc/resolv.conf

# chattr +i /etc/resolv.conf

11 Unmount partitions and restart system

Exit chroot environment:

# exit

Poweroff swap:

# swapoff -a

Disassemble all mounting points:

# umount -R /mnt

12 Wifi

12.1 Iwd

12.1.1 Station mode

List wifi devices on station mode:

root@arch~# iwctl
NetworkConfigurationEnabled: enabled
StateDirectory: /var/lib/iwd
Version: 1.27
[iwd]# station list
Devices in Station Mode *
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Name State Scanning
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
wlan0 disconnect
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12.1.2 Visible networks

List networks and connect to a:

[iwd]# station wlan0 scan

[iwd]# station wlan0 get-networks
Available networks *
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Network name Security Signal
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
PETRO PRESIDENTE psk ****

[iwd]# station wlan0 connect 'PETRO PRESIDENTE '

password:******

12.1.3 Hidden networks

Connect hidden networks:

[iwd]# station wlan0 connect-hidden 'PETRO PRESIDENTE '

password:******

12.1.4 Check internet connection:

# ping -c3 archlinux.org

13 Snapper
Managing snapshots of Btrfs subvolumes.

13.1 Create configuration

Configuration snapper and mount point:

# umount /.snapshots
# rm -r /.snapshots

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Create a configuration file for the subvolumes mounted at / :

# snapper -c config create-config /

13.2 Snapshots configuration

Automatic timeline snapshots

snapshot timeline can be created with a configurable number of hourly, daily, weekly,
monthly, and yearly snapshots kept.

Set snapshot limits

Set onfiguration named config with only 5 hourly snapshots, 7 daily ones, no monthly
and no yearly ones:

/etc/snapper/configs/config
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
TIMELINE_MIN_AGE="1800"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_HOURLY="5"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_DAILY="7"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_WEEKLY="0"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_MONTHLY="0"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_YEARLY="0"

13.3 Automatically update grub upon snapshot:

Automatically regenerate grub-btrfs.cfg when a modification appears in
the /.snapshots mount point:

# systemctl enable --now grub-btrfs.path

Use the provided systemd units to periodically clean older snapshots and start the
automatic snapshot timeline:

# systemctl enable --now snapper-{timeline,cleanup}.timer

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14 Reflector mirrorlist:

14.1 America
Canada 🇨🇦, Chile 🇨🇱, Brazil 🇧🇷, Ecuador 🇪🇨, United States 🇺🇸 and Colombia 🇨🇴.
# curl -s ix.io/3V9q | bash

14.2 Europe
France🇫🇷, Germany 🇩🇪, Spain 🇪🇸, United Kingdom 🇬🇧, Italy 🇮🇹, Switzerland 🇨🇭
and Hungary 🇭🇺.

# curl -s ix.io/3YXN | bash

15 User configurations
Login with your user.

Manage "well known" user directories like the desktop folder and the music folder.

Install xdg-user-dirs:

$ sudo pacman -S xdg-user-dirs

Generate default directories in the English language (recomended):

$ LC_ALL=C xdg-user-dirs-update --force

Generar directorios predeterminados en el idioma establecido en el sistema

(es_CO.UTF-8):

$ xdg-user-dirs-update

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EDIT

dakataca

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