Practice Exam 2 (Answers and Explanations)
Practice Exam 2 (Answers and Explanations)
22. C
Part A Part B
1. C 23. C 31. B
2. D 24. A 32. C
3. B 25. B 33. A
4. B 26. C 34. B
5. D 27. C 35. B
6. D 28. D 36. C
7. D 29. D 37. B
8. C 30. D 38. C
9. C 39. B
10. A 40. A
11. C 41. B
12. C 42. C
13. A 43. B
14. B 44. A
15. B 45. D
16. B
17. D
18. B
19. C
20. C
21. B
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CALCULUS AB
( e)
e
1 1 1
= x − ln x − = e − ln e − − (1 − ln 1 − 1) = e − 1 −
x 1 e
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(4 )
2 2
t4 16
∫0
3
F(2) = t + 2 dt = + 2t = + 4 = 8
4 0
(6)
π
Now find f′ .
(6)
π π π 2 π
f′ = − 4 sin cos + sec
6 6 6
2
(2)( 2 ) ( 3 )
1 3 2 3
= −4 +
4
= − 3+
3
If the function is increasing and concave up, then the first and the second
derivatives will be positive.
f′(x) = 5x 4 − 30x 2
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5x 4 − 30x 2 = 0
5x 2(x 2 − 6) = 0
x= − 6, 0, 6
20x 3 − 60x = 0
20x(x 2 − 3) = 0
x= − 3, 0, 3
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We should take the derivative of each of I, II, and III, and see what we get.
sin3 x 2
dx ( 3 )
d 3 sin x cos x
+ sin2 x = + 2 sin x cos x = sin2 x cos x + 2 sin x cos x
3
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d 3x 2 3x 2 d 3x 2
(cos(e )) = − sin e ⋅ e
dx dx
3x 2 3x 2 d 2 2 2 2 2
= − sin e ⋅e ⋅ 3x = − sin e 3x ⋅ e 3x ⋅ 6x = − 6xe 3x sin e 3x
dx
Since speed is the absolute value of velocity, then | − 15 | > | 10 | and the
maximum speed is reached at t = 5 minutes.
(2)
π
y′ = − 2 sin π + 6 sec2 π = − 2(0) + 6(−1)2 = 6
Using the point-slope form, the equation of the line could be written as
( 2)
π
y−3= 6 x−
y − 3 = 6x − 3π
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y = 6x − 3π + 3
y − 6x = 3 − 3π
6x − y = 3π − 3
Since f′ is positive on (−∞, − 2), f must be increasing over this same interval.
Since f′ is negative on (−2,0) and (2,∞), f must be decreasing over these
same intervals.
x−4<0
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x < 4, or (−∞,4)
Since the graph has a vertical tangent at the point (1,0), then the function f
is not differentiable at x = 1. And the function is discontinuous at x = 3, so f
is not differentiable at x = 3 as well.
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∫0 ∫0
3 2
A= − x − (x − x − 12) d x = − x 3 − x 2 + x + 12 d x
2
x4 x3 x2 8 58
= − − + + 12x = −4− + 2 + 24 =
4 3 2 0 3 3
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dy 3y − 6x
=
d x 3y 2 − 3x
dy y − 2x
= 2
dx y −x
Find the antiderivative of each term, and remember to add C at the end to
account for the constant.
x 2
∫
3
x + + + 5 dx
4 x
x4 x2 x4 x2
= + + 2 ln x + 5x + C = + + 2 ln x + 5x + C
4 2⋅4 4 8
f (x) = x 4 − 6x 3 + 12x 2
12x 2 − 36x + 24 = 0
12(x 2 − 3x + 2) = 0
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x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0
(x − 1)(x − 2) = 0
x = 1, 2
f (1) = 1 − 6 + 12
f (1) = 7
and
f (2) = 16 − 48 + 48
f (2) = 16
To find the average value of the function, we should apply the Mean Value
Theorem.
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b e e
1 1 3 3 1
∫ ∫ ∫
fave = f (x) d x = dx = dx
b−a a e−1 1 x e−1 1 x
e
3 3 3
= (ln x) = (ln e − ln 1) =
e−1 1 e−1 e−1
Note that limits at infinity resemble horizontal asymptotes. The limit does
not exist when the degree of the numerator is greater than the degree of
the denominator, and the limit is zero when the degree of the denominator
is greater than the degree of the numerator. When the degrees are equal,
the limit is the ratio of the leading coefficients of the numerator and the
denominator. Therefore, the limit is zero.
2+ x 1
f (x) = =
(x − 2)(x + 2) x − 2
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We can see that the function is concave up to the right of the asymptote,
(2,∞).
∫0
A= 4 x − 4x 2 d x
(4) ( 4)
π π π
f′ = − 6 sin 2 ⋅ = − 6 sin = − 6
2
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(sin 2)
4
π π
sin4 x 2 (sin 0)4 1 1
= − = −0=
4 0 4 4 4 4
The problem asks for the average velocity and we are given the position
equation, so we should determine the slope of the secant line.
3π
( 2 )
3π 3π 2 ⋅ 2
s = 2 sin + + 4
2 π
= −2+ 3+ 4= 5
2⋅0
s(0) = 2 sin 0 + + 4= 4
π
Then average velocity is
s( 2 )
3π
− s(0) 5−4 1 2
vavg = = = =
3π
−0
3π 3π 3π
2 2 2
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lim− f (x) = 4 ln 4
x→2
lim+ f (x) = 4 ln 4
x→2
92 + h 2 = 152
h 2 = 225 − 81 = 144
h = ± 12
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dθ
Since = − 5, we get
dt
( )
dx 4
= − 15 (−5) = 12 ⋅ 5 = 60
dt 5
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CALCULUS AB
Since f′(x) = 5, the slope of the tangent line is 5. To find the point on the
line, set the derivative of f equal to 5 and solve for x. Then, substitute the
resulting x-value into f to determine the corresponding value of y.
3
f′(x) =
3x + 2
3
= 5
3x + 2
3 = 15x + 10
−7 = 15x
7
x= − ≈ − 0.467
15
7 3
y = ln(3 ⋅ (− ) + 2) = ln ≈ − 0.512
15 5
Point-slope form of this equation is
y = 5x + 1.823
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∫ ∫
F(x) = d x = u4 du= + c= + c
x 5 5
(2)
1
Since F = 2, then
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( )
5
ln 2 ( 12 )
+ c= 2
5
(ln 1)2
+ c= 2
5
c= 2
Therefore
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x
sin = − x + 2
2
x ≈ 1.368
x
Since the graph of y = sin is below the graph of y = − x + 2, we integrate
2
to find the area.
1.368
x
∫0
A= − x + 2 − sin d x ≈ 1.350
2
2x = 6x − x 2
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0 = 4x − x 2
x(4 − x) = 0
x = 0, 4
∫0
V = 2π x(6x − x 2 − 2x) d x
64
V = 2π ⋅ ≈ 134.041
3
Parallel tangents will be when the slopes of f and g are equal. First, find the
derivative of the functions.
f′(x) = 2e 3x ⋅ 3 = 6e 3x
g′(x) = 15x 2 − 2
6e 3x = 15x 2 − 2
x ≈ − 0.478
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f′(x) = 6x 2 + 6x − 2 cos x
12x + 6 + 2 sin x = 0
x ≈ − 0.430
∫
Since F′(x) = f (x), then F(x) = f (x) d x. Therefore, we get
∫0
F(6) − F(0) = f (x) d x
2 4 6
∫0 ∫2 ∫4
F(6) − F(0) = f (x) d x + f (x) d x + f (x) d x
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4 6
∫2 ∫4
where f (x) d x is the area of the rectangle and f (x) d x is the area of the
triangle. Therefore
1
F(6) − F(0) = 4.2 + 2(3) + (2)(3) = 4.2 + 6 + 3 = 13.2
2
We know that v(t) = s′(t). Since we have linear position, therefore, we get
constant velocity, and the correct graph is A.
x3 − a3 (x − a)(x 2 + a x + a 2)
lim 2 = lim
x→a x − a 2 x→a (x − a)(x + a)
x 2 + a x + a 2 a 2 + a 2 + a 2 3a 2 3
= lim = = = a
x→a x+ a 2a 2a 2
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CALCULUS AB
1. Solution:
( 10 )
20 2
1 2
∫0
b. V = π (h − 6) dh
20
π 20 4 h5
100 ( 5 )
π
100 ∫0
2
= h − 12h + 36 dh = − 4h 3 + 36h
0
205
100 ( 5 ) 100
π π
= + 4(203) + 36(20) = (640,000 − 32,000 + 720)
60,832π 30,436π
= = cm3
10 5
r 10 1 1
c. = = , so r = h.
h 20 2 2
The volume of cone is
1 2
V = πr h
3
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So we get
3 (2 )
2
1 1 1
V= π h h= πh 3
12
Then
12 ( dt )
dV 1 dh
= π 3h 2
dt
dV 1 2 dh
= πh
dt 4 dt
dh 2
If h = 5 and = − , then
dt 5
( 5)
dV 1 2 2 5
= π(5) − = − π cm3 /hr
dt 4 2
2. Solution:
ln(t 2 − t + 1) = 0
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when
t2 − t + 1 = 1
t2 − t = 0
t(t − 1) = 0
t = 0, 1
So
∫0
s(t) = s(0) + ln(u2 − u+ 1) du
∫0
s(3) = 5 + ln(u2 − u+ 1) du≈ 5 + 1.915 ≈ 6.915
1 4 1 4 1
2 ∫2 2 ∫2
2
d. | v(t) | dt = | ln(t − t + 1) | dt = ⋅ 3.816 ≈ 1.908
2
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CALCULUS AB
3. Solution:
−2
1 1
∫−3
a. g(−2) = f (t) dt = (2)(2) = 2 because the area of a triangle is bh.
2 2
g′(x) = f (x)
g′(−2) = f (−2) = 1
g′′(x) = f′(x)
g′′(−2) = f′(−2)
The slope of f is
−2 + 3 1
m= = = −1
1−2 −1
g′′(−2) = − 1
b. Since g′(x) = f (x) and f (x) ≤0 for 0 ≤x ≤2, the function g has neither a
relative minimum nor a relative maximum at x = 1.
g′(x) = f (x)
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4. Solution
dy −3(1)3
(1,0) =
dx 03
Because this value is undefined, we have the vertical line at (1,0) and the
same vertical line for (−1,0).
dy −3(1)3 dy −3(1)3 3
(1,1) = = −3 (1,2) = = −
dx 1 3 dx 23 8
dy −3(0)3 dy
(0,1) = = 0 (0,2) = 0
dx 13 dx
dy dy
(0, − 1) = 0 (0, − 2) = 0
dx dx
dy −3(−1)3 dy −3(−1)3 3
(−1,1) = = 3 (−1,2) = =
dx 1 3 dx 2 3 8
dy −3(−1)3 dy −3(−1)3 3
(−1, − 1) = = −3 (−1, − 2) = = −
dx (−1)3 dx (−2)3 8
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dy −3(1)3 dy −3(1)3 3
(1, − 1) = = 3 (1, − 2) = =
dx (−1)3 dx (−2)3 8
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dy 3x 3
c. = − 3
dx y
y 3 dy = − 3x 3 d x
∫ ∫
y 3 dy = − 3x 3 d x
y4 3 4
= − x + C
4 4
Since f (1) = 2, substitute and solve for C.
24 3
= − (1)4 + C
4 4
3
4= − + C
4
3 19
C = 4+ =
4 4
Therefore
y4 3 19
= − x4 +
4 4 4
or
y 4 = − 3x 4 + 19
Since the particular solution goes through (1,2), y must be positive, so the
4
particular solution is y = 19 − 3x 4 .
5. Solution:
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∫1 ∫1 ∫1
b. 2f′(x) − 5 d x = 2 f′(x) d x − 5 dx
We know that
12
∫1
f′(x) d x = f (12) − f (1)
Therefore, we get
12 12
∫1
2f′(x) − 5 d x = 2( f (12) − f (1)) − 5x
1
= 2(5 − 2) − 5(12 − 1) = 2 ⋅ 3 − 5 ⋅ 11 = 6 − 55 = − 49
12
∫1
c. f (x) d x ≈ f (1)(2 − 1) + f (2)(5 − 2) + f (5)(7 − 5) + f (7)(8 − 7) + f (8)(12 − 8)
= 2 − 4 + 3 + 28 = 29
y = mx + b
−2 = 2(5) + b
−2 − 10 = b
b = − 12
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f (6) = 2(6) − 12 = 0
Since f′′(x) < 0 on 5 ≤x ≤7, then 0 is the greatest possible value of f (6).
6. Solution:
Then
k(4) − k(2) 15 − 12 3
= =
4−2 2 2
Since h is continuous and differentiable, by the Mean Value Theorem, there
exists a value c, 2 < c < 4, such that k′(c) = 1.5.
f(x)
∫1
b. Since h(x) = g(x) d x, then
Therefore
= g(3) ⋅ 4 = 7 ⋅ 4 = 28
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y − 2 = 1(x − 3)
y = x−1
∫2 ( 2 ) (2)
4 4
x x
d. f′′ d = 2f′
2
= 2( f′(2) − f′(1))
= 2(4 − (−2)) = 12
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