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(Lesson 6) Nested Loops

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16 views

(Lesson 6) Nested Loops

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aastabdelrahman
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nested Loops

Dr. Ali Allam Web Programming (BIS317E)


Nested Loops: Overview

 A loop can contain any kind of statement(s) inside its body, including
another loop. One loop inside another is called a nested loop.
 The counter variable of the inner loop should have a different name,
so that it will not conflict with the outer loop.
 A nested loop has the following syntax, as an example:

In this example, the inner loop is


repeated 5 times for each of the10
rounds of the outer loop.
Nested Loops: Overview

 Keep in mind that the outer loop controls number of lines (i.e. rows),
and the inner loop controls content of these lines (i.e. columns).
 Drawing figures can illustrate how nested loops work…
Wow! Let’s start drawing these figures using
nested loops ☺
Example (1): A Simple Figure
 In the shown example, the first thing to do is to ask yourself, how many rows and
how many columns do you have?

 You have 6 rows and 10 columns. So, the outer loop counts from 1 to 6, and the inner
loop counts from 1 to 10.
Example (1) explanation
 The outer loop controls the number of rows, and the
inner loop controls the number of columns.
 This means that for each of the 6 rows, there are 10
columns.
 At each column, an asterisk (*) is printed. All 10
asterisks are printed beside each other.
 After the inner loop finishes its 10 rounds, the
program then makes a new line <br>.
 The outer loop now starts its 2nd round, and again
the inner loop is repeated 10 times in the same
exact way, and so on.
Example (2): An Emojis Figure

 Now, let’s remove the asterisk in the previous example, and simply
put an image instead.

Note: you must have an image called “angel.png” stored at the same path of your program
Example (3): More interaction (input)

 How about asking the user to enter the number of rows and the
number of columns of the figure…
Example (3): More interaction (input)
Example (3): More interaction (input)
PHP Program (example3.php)
Example (4): Switching Emojis

 In this example, if the column index is


even, the program will print an angel
emoji. If it’s odd, it will print a devil.
Example (5): A changing number of columns
In this example, the number of emojis are different at each row (i.e. you don’t
have a fixed number of columns at each row). So, at the 1st row you need to
make one column, at the 2nd row you need two columns, and so on.
Enough emojis …
Now, let’s work a little bit with numbers!
Nested Loops: More examples

 Keep in mind that nested loops work in a two-dimensional pattern


(i.e. rows and columns).
 Now, let’s try using nested loops with numbers …
 Printing out a two-dimensional pattern of numbers
 Printing out the multiplication table
 Printing out the prime numbers
Example (6): Pattern of numbers
 In this example, the program prints the column’s index (column number).
Example (7): Pattern of numbers
 In this example, if the row is even, the program will print the column’s index. Otherwise,
if the row is odd, the program prints asterisks.
Example (8): Multiplication Table

 The user is asked to enter the number of rows and columns, and
accordingly the program prints the times table of all numbers.
Example (8): Multiplication Table

HTML Input Form (form.html)


Example (8): Multiplication Table

PHP Program (example8.php)

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