BIOSCREEN MODEL ASSIGNMENT

MODEL SELECTION
After the data entry in the spreadsheet, for a period of 8 years, baserd on the
concentration of the plume along the length, instantaneous reaction seems to be the best
suited model as the field data is in coherence with the dots on black line. Field data is
represented by dots having yellow crosshairs.
Model selection: Solute transport with biodegradation modeled as an “instantaneous”
biodegradation reaction

Figure 1:Dissolved hydrocarbon concentration along the plume center line (8 years)
 1. ESTIMATION OF TIMEFRAME BASED ON THE DRINKING WATER
REGULATIONS
Modelling for various timeframes, 12 years seems to be the right time for the wells to be
closed before the drinking water regulations are breached. As per US EPA, the levels of
Benzene in drinking water are not hazardous if MCL is 0.005mg/L. In figure 2, it is
quite evident that contaminants have reached to 200 ft where the wells are.

Figure 2:Dissolved hydrocarbon concentration along the plume center line (12 years)

1. ESTIMATION CDI
Population groupings are based on linearizing the body weights and the ingestion rates.
For body weights Table 8-3 (Table 8-3. Mean and Percentile Body Weights (kg) Derived
From NHANES (1999−2006) Males and Females Combined) from Chapter 8 of
Exposure Handbook. The 5th percentile of the body weight is taken into account to make
sure that these are inclusive and low body weights are taken into account.
For the ingestion rates, Table 3-9. Two-Day Average per Capita Estimates of Combined
Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion Based on National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005−2010: Community Water (mL/day) has been
used. The values have been averaged out between the age ranges.
Formula for calculating CDI is:
CxBFxIRx(EFxED)
CDI= calculated in mg/kg-day
BWxAT

C is the concentration which is taken from the 8 year concentration of the selected
model because the contaminant is anticipated to reach the wells by 12 years.
(0.048mg/l)
BF is the Bioavailability which is assumed to be 1 or 100%
IR is the Ingestion Rate which is assumed using the handbook.
EF is the Exposure Frequency which is 365 days in this case.
ED is the Exposure Duration which here is taken as the upper limit of the age group.
BW is the body weight which has been assumed for the range of ages.
AT is based on ED for non-carcinogenic contaminants and for carcinogens it is
calculated for a period of 70 years.
Population age in Body Weight in kg (averaged Ingestion rates Ingestion rates
years out using table 8-3) ml/ day L/ day
<1 5 1797 1.797
1-3 12 2860 2.860
3-11 20 3113 3.113
11-21 40 6152 6.152
21-40 50 7250 7.250
40 and over 52 6320 6.320

CDI Calculation – Using Excel

CDI calculation is being done for three time periods - 8years which is the present
scenario, at 12 years, when the contamination is going to be at the peak as the
contaminant travel 200 ft, to the wells. Also the contamination is taken a 1/3rd of the
original value since the wells are 6 in number and there can be mixed usage of well
water.
At 85 years, the wells become acceptable and have no contamination. The screenshorts
for the modelling are in the following section. The model was run for 20 years, 35 years,
40 years, 45 years, 50 years, 60 years, 70 years, 80 years and 85 years. At 85 years
concentration of the contaminant becomes zero.
8 year Contamination CDI Calculation
Age C C B IR E EF B At AT CDI CDICA
Groups mg/L corr F (l/da D (d/ W noncar car NC R(mg/
ecte y) (y yr) (k (d) (d) (mg kg-
d(m r) g) /kg- day)
g/L) day)
<1 years 0.339 0.12 1 1.797 1 365 5 365 25550 0.04 0.001
4
1 to 3 0.339 0.12 1 2.86 3 365 12 1095 25550 0.02 0.002
years 9
3 to 11 0.339 0.12 1 3.113 11 365 20 4015 25550 0.01 0.003
years 9
11 to 21 0.339 0.12 1 6.152 21 365 40 7665 25550 0.01 0.006
years 9
21 to 40 0.339 0.12 1 7.25 4 365 50 14600 25550 0.01 0.01
years 0 8
40 and 0.339 0.12 1 6.32 70 365 52 25550 25550 0.01 0.015
over 5
12 year Contamination CDI Calculation
C C B IR E EF B At AT CDI CDICA
mg/L corr F (l/da D (d/ W noncar car NC R(mg/
ecte y) (y yr) (k (d) (d) (mg kg-
d(m r) g) /kg- day)
g/L) day)
<1 years 0.048 0.02 1 1.797 1 365 5 365 25550 0.0 0.001
08
1 to 3 0.048 0.02 1 2.86 3 365 12 1095 25550 0.0 0.001
years 05
3 to 11 0.048 0.02 1 3.113 11 365 20 4015 25550 0.0 0.001
years 04
11 to 21 0.048 0.02 1 6.152 21 365 40 7665 25550 0.0 0.001
years 04
21 to 40 0.048 0.02 1 7.25 4 365 50 14600 25550 0.0 0.002
years 0 03
40 and 0.048 0.02 1 6.32 70 365 52 25550 25550 0.0 0.003
over 03
85 year Contamination CDI Calculation
C C B IR E EF B At AT CDI CDICA
mg/L corr F (l/da D (d/ W noncar car NC R(mg/
ecte y) (y yr) (k (d) (d) (mg kg-
d(m r) g) /kg- day)
g/L) day)
<1 years 0 0 1 1.797 1 365 5 365 25550 0 0
1 to 3 0 0 1 2.86 3 365 12 1095 25550 0 0
years
3 to 11 0 0 1 3.113 11 365 20 4015 25550 0 0
years
11 to 21 0 0 1 6.152 21 365 40 7665 25550 0 0
years
21 to 40 0 0 1 7.25 4 365 50 14600 25550 0 0
years 0
40 and 0 0 1 6.32 70 365 52 25550 25550 0 0
over
FACTORS THAT CAN IMPACT CDI
Factors That Could Increase BTEX and Decrease CDI
1. Industrial Activity:
o Areas near refineries, chemical plants, and manufacturing facilities
typically have higher BTEX emissions. Increased industrial activities or
lack of pollution controls can elevate BTEX levels, which can negatively
impact health, quality of life, and thus the CDI.
2. Vehicle Traffic Density:
o High volumes of vehicular traffic contribute to increased BTEX emissions
due to fuel combustion. Urban areas with congested traffic and limited
emission regulations tend to see higher BTEX concentrations, reducing
CDI.
3. Lack of Environmental Regulations:
o Weak environmental policies or ineffective enforcement can lead to higher
BTEX emissions. Communities with limited monitoring and control of
industrial and vehicular emissions might suffer from lower air quality and
health issues, lowering the CDI.
4. Poor Urban Planning:
o When residential zones are placed near industrial areas without proper
zoning and pollution control measures, BTEX exposure risks increase.
Poor urban planning can expose communities to higher levels of these
pollutants, affecting residents' health and quality of life.
5. Climate Conditions:
o Certain weather patterns, such as low wind speeds, temperature
inversions, or high temperatures, can trap pollutants close to the ground,
leading to higher BTEX concentrations. This effect is especially common in
densely populated urban areas.
Factors That Could Decrease BTEX and Increase CDI
1. Effective Environmental Regulations and Policies:
o Stricter regulations on emissions from industrial facilities and vehicles can
significantly reduce BTEX levels. Implementation of policies aimed at
limiting BTEX emissions can improve air quality and, consequently,
increase CDI.
2. Green Spaces and Urban Greening:
o Incorporating green spaces, parks, and vegetation in urban areas helps
absorb pollutants, reducing BTEX levels. Urban greening initiatives
improve both air quality and quality of life, boosting CDI.
3. Promotion of Public Transportation:
o Encouraging the use of public transport, biking, or walking can reduce
vehicle emissions and decrease BTEX levels. Enhanced public transit
infrastructure can lead to lower congestion and pollution, positively
impacting CDI.
4. Advanced Emission Control Technologies:
 oAdoption of modern emission control technology in industrial facilities, as
well as the promotion of low-emission vehicles, can substantially reduce
BTEX emissions, improving overall air quality.
5. Community Awareness and Advocacy:
o Public awareness and community advocacy on air pollution can lead to
increased pressure on local governments and industries to reduce BTEX
emissions. Community-driven initiatives often contribute to sustainable
policies and practices, helping raise the CDI.