Information and Communication Technology Refers to any technology that helps to produce,

manipulate, store, communicate, and/or

disseminate information.
Computer Science The study of both computer hardware and
software design.

It includes artificial intelligence, software

engineering, programming and computer
graphics.
Data The raw facts and figures
Information Data that has been summarized or otherwise
transformed for use in decision making.
hardware The machinery and equipment in a computer
system
computer A computer is programmable, multiuse machine
that accepts data – raw facts and figures – and
processes, or manipulates information we can
use.
Communications technology Also called telecommunications technology

It consists of electromagnetic devices and

systems for communicating over any distance.
Online learning or distance learning Less expensive than traditional courses.

Distance learning is available to students in rural

areas.
telemedicine Medical care via telecommunications; lets doctors
treat patients afar.
robots Automatic devices that perform functions

Ordinarily performed by human beings – permit

precise microsurgery.
Virtual Means something is created, simulated, or
carried in by means of a computer or a computer
network.
smartphones Are used for “showrooming and shopping”.
Supercomputers High-capacity machines with thousands of
processors

Faster and largest computer available

Used for government census, weathering

forecasting, designing aircraft, scientific project
Mainframes Process billions of instructions per second

Size is dependent on the use

 Used to be called “midsize computers”

Used by banks, airlines, colleges…

Workstations Expensive, powerful personal computers

Used for scientific, mathematical, engineering,

computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM) applications.

Are usually connected to a network.

Microcomputers Used either stand-alone or in a network

Includes desktop, tower, notebook (laptops),

netbooks, tablets, mobile devices, personal dgital
assistants (PDAs), and e-readers.
microcontrollers Are tiny, specialized microprocessors inside
appliances and automobiles.
Server or network server A central computer that holds collections of data
(database) and programs for connecting or
supplying services to PCs, workstations, and other
devices, which are called “clients”.
Clients These clients are linked by a weird or wireless
network.

The entire network is called a client-server

network.
Miniaturization Everything has become smaller
Faster speeds Because of miniaturization, more HW
components can cram into machines, proving fast
processing speeds and more data storage
capacity.
Greater affordability Processors cost today are only fraction of what
they were 15 years agoo.
Convergence Describes the combining of several industries
through various devices that exchange data in the
format used by the computers
portability Access to techs our anywhere, anytime
personalization The creation of information tailored to your
preferences
Collaboration Example: photo-sharing, calendar-sharing
services, etc.
Cloud-computing Instead of storing your data on your own PC, you
store it on the servers on the internet.
Artificial intelligence (AI) Refers to a group of related technologies used for
developing machines to emulate human qualities.

Much of Ai is based on the use of algorithms,

 formulas or sets of steps for solving particular
problems.
application development A group that typically provides leadership and
overall guidance, but the systems themselves are
developed by teams consisting of users,
managers, and IT staff members.
Systems support and security Provides vital protection and maintenance
services for system hardware and software,
including enterprise computing systems,
networks, Transaction processing systems, and
corporate IT infrastructure.
User support Provides users with technical information,
training, and productivity support. The user
support function usually is called a help desk or
information center (IC).
Database administration Involves data design, management, security,
backup, and access. In small- and medium-sized
companies, an IT support person performs those
roles in addition to other duties.
Network administration Includes hardware and software maintenance,
support, and security. In addition to controlling
user access, network administrators install,
configure, manage, monitor, and maintain
network applications
Web support It is a vital technical support function. Web
support specialists design and construct Web
pages, monitor traffic, manage hardware and
software, and link Web-based applications to the
company’s information systems. Reliable, high-
quality Web support is especially critical for
companies engaged in e-commerce.