ORAL COMMUNICATION MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

1st Quarter Reviewer

1.) Linear Model
● One way communication
● No feedback
Communication is a process of exchanging ideas,
● Concept of noise
thoughts, information, opinions to one another.

Advantages
Non Verbal - Transfers the information without the
● Good for audience persuasion and
use of words or spoken language.
propaganda setting
Verbal - The words and sounds that came out from
● Intentional result
our mouth
Disadvantages
Written - makes use of the written word
● Communication is not continuous
● No feedback
— Nature —
1. Communication is a process - because there are
people involve the sender and the receiver. — Linear Model —
2. Communication occurs between two or more 1) Aristotle model
people ● Speaker - centered Model
3. Communication can be expressed through written, ● Used for public speaking and propaganda
spoke, words and action (Non-Verbal)

— Elements —
Sender - (Starting point) Main source of content or
provider of information 2) Laswell’s model
● Used as an analysis tool for evaluating
Encoding - the sender decides how she/he wants to the commucation process and
convey the thought or idea components

Message - the information itself conveyed by the

speaker in words or action

Channel - the instrument to convey the message. The

3) Berlo’s SMCR Model
medium or the means such as personal, verbal or non
● The source, message, channel and
verbal, in which the encode message is conveyed.
receiver are influenced by different
Receiver - is the one that gets the message channeled factors
by the speaker

Decoding - the process of interpreting the encoded

message of the sender by the receu=iver

Feedback - the reaction, response of information

provided by the receiver

Barrier - Factors that affect the flow of

communication “communication breakdown”

Context - the setting and situation in which

communication takes place.
 2) Helical Model
2.) Interactive Model ● Commucation progress with the age as
● Two way communication our experience and vocabulary increases
● Used for new media like the internet
● There is feedback but not simultaneous
● Concept of field of experience

Advantages
● There is feedback even in mass
communication
● New communication channels
Disadvantages Noise
● Slower feedback/ delayed - Defined as aspect or condition that
● Sender and receiver might not know who interfere with the objective exchange of
the other person is idea or thoughts

— Interative Models — Physical Noise - External noise and unnecessary

1) Schramm’s Model sound that obstacle to effective communication.
● Added the “field of experience” It is also a disturbance created by the
which is based on beliefs, values environment.
and learned meaning.
Psychological Noise - Originates from emotion
states, mental states and other psycologica
makes up of a person

Physiological Noise - a barrier created by

communicative, physical or bodily conditions
that compromise the ability of a person to send
1.) Transactional Model or receive a message
● Sender and receiver interchange roles
● Simultaneous feedback Semantic - created from the confusion over the
● Context of environment and noise meaning of words. It comes from complex,
technical and grammatical errors in
Advantages communication
● Simultaneous and instant feedback
● No discrimination between the sender Cultural Noise - Created from the wrong
and the receiver explanation of authors behavior. Also created
Disadvantages from the nonverbal communication of people
● More noise due to communcators talking from the different cultural backgrounds.
at the same time
— Advantages of effective communication —
— Transactional Model —
1) Berlund’s Model ● Conflict is reduced
● Multi-layered feedback system ● Get more of what you want out of life
● Giving and receiving messages is ● Have stronger relationship
reciprocal ● Help people to adopt your ideas
● People will like you better
Features of Effective Communication Intrapersonal - Commnication that centers only
one person where speaker act both as a sender
Completeness - Should include everything that and receiver.
receiver need to hear to avoid conflict and
confusion Interpersonal - communication between and
among people and establishes personal
Conciseness- not necessarily keeping the relationship.
message short but making it direct to the point
● Dyad - involves two people
Consideration - Taking into account relevant ● Small Group - 3 but not more than 10
information about his/her background such as people enganging in a face-to-face
mood, background, race, and preference interaction

Concreteness - supported by facts and real-life Mass Communication - takes place through
situation television, radio, newspaper, magazines, books,
billboard, internet and other type of media
Courtesy - respecting the culture, values and
beliefs of his/her receiver Public Communication - requires you to deliver
or send informative or persuasive message
Clearness - use of simple words to express ideas before or in front of a group of people

Correctness - correct use of grammar Speech Stye - Unique way in which the
information is delivered to the audience.
Function of communication
Intimate
Regulation and control - used to control one’s ● Style is private
behavior ● Occurs among close family members or
intimate individual
Social interaction - used to produced social ● Language use may not be shared in
relationship, to develop bonds, intimacy, public
relations and to express preference, needs, Casual
wants, goals and strength ● Common among peers and friends
● Jargon, slang, street language, and gay
Motivation - used to motivate or to encourage language or vulgar are used
people to live better Consultative
● Standard style of speech
Information Dissemination - Used to convey ● Professional or mutually accepted
information language is a must in this style
Formal
Emotional Expression - Used to express ● Always used informal settings
emotions and feeling ● One way and straightforward in nature
● Speech is usually prepared before hand
Frozen
● Used during respectful events and
Speech Context
ceremonies
- The way that people use to communicate
● Speech used remains unchange over time
and transmit message orally or verbally