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LESSON 9&10 - Types of Speeches According to Purpose&Delivery

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
51 views47 pages

LESSON 9&10 - Types of Speeches According to Purpose&Delivery

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vanessa.sacurom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Eng 100: Oral Communication

Unit 9: Types of Speeches


According to Purpose
Public Speaking
the act of speaking in front of a sizable
number of people.
It's tasked to deliver a message or a
speech of general interest.
Three Basic Types of Speeches
According to Purpose
Expository/ Persuasive Entertainment
Informative Speech Speech Speech
Expository/Informative
Speech
Aims to provide the audience with information
about a topic or to expand their knowledge about
a topic with which they are already familiar.
Descriptive
• provides a vivid picture
of a person, a place, or
an object
Types of
Informative
Speeches
Explanation
• explains or defines
a concept, term, or
an abstract topic
Demonstration
• explains or defines a
concept, term, or an
Types of abstract topic
Informative
Speeches
Reportorial
• describes or explains an
event or an issue that is
interesting, significant, or
unusual
Characteristics of an Expository
or Informative Speech
CREDIBLE
ACCURATE
CLEAR
MEMORABLE
How can you convince another
person to agree with your stand
on an issue?
Persuasive Speech
Aims to influence the audience to accept
the speaker’s position or stand on an issue
Examples:
sales pitches, political campaign talks,
business presentations, and debates
Convincing
• the speaker attempts to
convince the audience to
adopt his or her way of
thinking or to change the
Kinds of way they think about
things
Persuasive
Speech
Actuation
• designed to urge the
audience to take a
particular action
Rhetorical Appeals in
Persuasive Speeches
ETHOS
appeal to the speaker’s credibility or
authority as perceived by the audience
Having been a tour guide for the
last ten years here in El Nido, I
have had my fair share of
unforeseen events. When waves are
high due to rain, the boat will be
swinging crazy and rocking like a
pendulum. When this happens, don’t
panic. Stay inside the boat and just
let the power of the waves crash.
ETHOS As long as you have your life vest
on, there is nothing to worry about.
Rhetorical Appeals in
Persuasive Speeches
PATHOS
IS THE APPEAL TO EMOTION. HUMAN EMOTIONS
SUCH AS SYMPATHY, OUTRAGE, AND SADNESS
CAN BE USED TO MOTIVATE READERS.
PATHOS
Rhetorical Appeals in
Persuasive Speeches
LOGOS
IS THE APPEAL TO LOGIC AND REASON.
IT AIMS TO BE FACTUAL IN ITS APPROACH.
Guidelines in Writing a
Persuasive Speech
• Determine your goal.
• Know your audience.
• Organize the information.
• Provide strong evidence.
Entertainment
Speech
Aims to amuse audience members and put
them in a jovial mood. It may be delivered
during casual dinners, parties, graduations,
and weddings.
It does not need to be funny at
all times and all throughout.
This shall get the attention of the
audience by speaking of interesting
topics that create an enjoyable
experience for them
Guidelines in Writing an
Entertainment Speech
• Know your audience.
• Decide on a topic or theme.
• Start with an attention-grabber.
• Use simple language and vivid descriptions.
• Use humor effectively.
• Use appropriate nonverbal cues
Unit 10: Types
of Speeches
According to
Delivery
Oral Communication
Objectives:
• identify the characteristics of a all the types
of speeches according to delivery;
• differentiate one type of speech to another
• analyze the advantages and disadvantages
of delivering these speeches; and
• construct speeches
Reading
from a
Manuscript
Reading from a
Manuscript
• also known as a manuscript speech

• reading a prepared text or


manuscript to an audience

• usually given when the manuscript


will be part of an official record
wherein extremely careful wording
is required, delivered over a podium
or lectern
Advantages

• No single and essential word is left out.


• All significant points are covered and
conveyed.

Disadvantages
• The speech may sound mechanical or forced
and unnatural.
• The audience may quickly get bored or
uninterested.
• The speaker is limited in his or her use of
nonverbal cues.
• The speaker is unable to react to the audience's
nonverbal cues.
Reading from a
Manuscript
• Public figures
• Media personalities
• Spokespersons for
governments and
private organizations
Guidelines in Reading from a
Manuscript

Outline and write Format your Practice your


the speech well. speech properly. speech.

Look at your
Vary your voice. audience from
time to time.
Writing Prompts
• Decide on a topic for a manuscript speech.
• Write the first draft of your speech using
the outline you created as a guide. Your
speech should be 500–700 words.
• Polish your speech by editing and
proofreading it. Check its content, flow,
use of words, grammar, and mechanics.
Correct any errors that you find.
Memorized
Speech
Memorized
Speech
• requires the speaker to commit the speech
to memory, should be short

• requires the speaker to work harder on


facial expressions and tone of voice

• appropriate for relatively short speeches


such as when presenting/accepting an
award, making an announcement, giving
opening or closing remarks, or introducing
a speaker
Advantages

• It may improve the speaker's memory.

• It allows the speaker to plan his or her


nonverbal cues.

• It allows the speaker to concentrate on


visual aids and props.

• It develops a sense of confidence in the


speaker.
Disadvantages
• It takes a long time to memorize unless the
speaker has a very keen memory.

• It requires more effort to speak from memory


than to read from a manuscript.

• It can sound mechanical and unnatural since


the speaker may tend to concentrate on
remembering words that come next rather
than on communicating their ideas to the
audience.

• It can break a speaker's train of thought and


may cause embarrassment to the speaker when
he or she forgets certain words or lines in the
speech.
Delivering a
Memorized Speech
can help you achieve minimizes
a smooth and distractions caused
effortless delivery by looking at a
manuscript/notes
can help you maintain
eye contact, establish great for special
rapport, and interact occasions
with the audience
Tips in Delivering a
Memorized Speech

• Keep it short
• Practice
• Visualize
• Project your voice
• Use pauses appropriately.
Impromptu
Speech
Impromptu
Speech
• delivered with little or no preparation

• generally brief and unrehearsed

• Instances: speeches during occasions,


recitations in class, or add/refute to
what a classmate has said
Strategies in Organizing
an Impromptu Speech
OPENING-RULE OF THREE-
CLINCHER
⚬ has a compelling opening
⚬ lists down three reasons that
support the opening
⚬ clincher - should summarize the
points and wrap up the speech
well
OPENING-RULE OF THREE-CLINCHER

• Let us be honest with ourselves: we are so engrossed with ourselves that


Opening we often forget that our actions make an impact on other people. There
are several reasons why we should empathize more with others.

• First, people tend to be nicer to others when they experience other


people’s kindness.
• Second, showing empathy directs us to be more sociable with people in
Rule of
our own environment; it helps create a supportive network.
Three
• Lastly, being empathetic paves way for others to be more understanding of
other people’s situations, and it becomes a norm, where everyone is more
sensitive to each other.

• Although only in an ideal world can these three things can be achieved, if
Clincher everyone starts to practice empathy, we can affect the world and make it a
better place.
Strategies in Organizing
an Impromptu Speech

PAST-PRESENT-FUTURE
⚬ STATE ANALOGIES
⚬ THE BEST STRATEGY TO
USE TO SHOWCASE THE
IMPROVEMENT OF
SOMETHING OVER TIME
PAST-PRESENT-FUTURE
In the past, people did not have the internet to
communicate with people who are physically far. People
would rely on snail mail or phone calls so they can get in
touch with loved ones. Presently, however, access to
different social media sites allows us to talk to others
with just a click. In the future, there will definitely be
more opportunities and ways to get in touch with loved
ones.
Strategies in Organizing an
Impromptu Speech
POINT-REASON-EXAMPLE/EXPLANATION-
POINT
⚬ EMPLOYS THE USE OF RECOLLECTION
⚬ STARTS WITH THE MAIN POINT THEN
PROVIDES THE REASON BEHIND IT
⚬ EXPLAINS THE REASON TO SUPPORT
THE MAIN POINT
⚬ RESTATES THE MAIN POINT AND
STATES THE CONCLUSION
POINT-REASON-EXAMPLE/EXPLANATION-POINT

POINT • Being nationalistic is an important part of being a Filipino.

• I say this with pride because I realized that ordinary


REASON Filipinos still show their pride for the country through their
work
• One example would be the construction workers who are
EXAMPLE/ tasked to build infrastructure for the masses’ use. They
EXPLANATION stick to their job and try to do their best because they
know many people will benefit from their work.
• In all aspects of society, Filipinos can and should continue
POINT
to show their pride for the country.
Tips on Delivering an
Impromptu Speech
Think first before Consider the Identify your
speaking. three major parts main point.
of a speech.

Keep your speech


Use signposts. short and be
confident.
EXTEMPORANEOUS
SPEECH
Extemporaneous
Speech
• involves preparing an outline or notes
before delivery

• does not require the speaker to read a


manuscript word for word

• does not require the speaker to memorize


the speech

• uses the speech outline or prepared notes


as a guide, with the speaker elaborating on
the topic using his/her own words
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH

• It sounds natural.

• Its exact wording is chosen while the


speech is being given.

• It gives the speaker the chance to


practice the flow of the speech using
the outline or notes.

• It allows the speaker to freely


interact with the audience.

• It is flexible.
Three Steps in Studying Your
Extemporaneous Topic
Identify the type of
extemporaneous Stick to your topic and
question that you have Determine your topic. its scope.
to answer.
• Is it a question of fact? Does it
revolve around whether
something is true or not?
• Is it a question of value? Does it
If your topic is Look at all sides and
center on whether the topic is informative or angles of the
good or bad, moral or immoral, persuasive problem
just or unjust?
• Is it a question of policy? Does it
focus on what policy or rule
should be followed?
Pointers in Preparing and Delivering
an Extemporaneous Speech

Prepare the notes Rehearse your


and outline. speech using the
notes and outline.

Speak in a natural Pay attention to the


manner. audience’s
nonverbal cues.

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