SYLLABUS

Mathematics – XII
1. Relations and Functions
2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
3. Matrices
4. Determinants
5. Continuity and Differentiability
6. Applications of Derivatives
7. Integrals
8. Applications of Integrals
9. Differential Equations
10. Vector Algebra
11. Three Dimensional Geometry
12. Linear Programming
13. Probability
Units

I. RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

II. ALGEBRA
III. CALCULUS
IV. VECTORS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
V. LINEAR PROGRAMMING
VI. PROBABILITY

UNITS I. RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

1. Relations and Functions :
Introduction, Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric and transitive,
equivalence relations, Types of Functions One to one and onto functions.
2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions :
Basic concept of Trigonometric Function, range, domain, principal value
branches, Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions.

UNITS II. ALGEBRA

1. Matrices :
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of a
matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices, Algebra of Matrices and
properties.
2. Determinants :
Introduction and definition of Determinant, area of triangle, minors and
cofactors, Adjoint and inverse of a matrices. Application of Determinant and
matrices, solving of system of linear equations using inverse of a matrix.

1
 UNITS III. CALCULUS
1. Continuity and Differentiability :
Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule,
Algebra of continues function, derivative of implicit function, Derivative of inverse
trigonometric function. Exponential and logarithmic functions. Logarithmic
differentiation. Second order derivatives.
2. Applications of derivatives :
Rate of change of Quantities, increasing/decreasing functions and related theorem,
maxima and minima, Second Derivatives test, Maximum and minimum values of
function in a closed interval.
3. Integrals :
Introduction of Integrals, Integration as an inverse process of differentiation.
Method of Integration, Integration by substitution, by partial fractions and by
parts, integrals of some particular function and of more types. Fundamental
Theorem of Calculus, Evaluation of Definite integrals by substitution, properties
of definite integrals and evaluation of Definite integrals.
4. Applications of the Integrals :
Introduction, area under simple curves.
5. Differential Equation :
Basic concepts of Differential Equation, order and degree of Differential Equations,
general and particular solutions of differential equation, Methods of solving first
order, first degree differential equation, separation of variables, general solution
of differential equations, homogeneous differential equation, linear differential
equation.
UNITS IV. VECTORS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
1. Vectors :
Basic concepts of Vector Algebra, direction ratios, Direction cosines, types
of vector, addition, subtraction, multiplication of Vectors, Vector joining
two point, section formula, product of two vectors (scalars (dot) or corss).
2. Three – Dimensional geometry :
Direction cosines and Direction ratios of a line, relation between direction cosines
of a line, equation of lines in space. Angle between two lines, shortest distance
between two lines, distance between two skew and parallel lines.
UNITS V. LINEAR PROGRAMMING
1. Linear Programming :
Introduction, definition of related terminology such as constraints, objective
function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems.
Feasible and infeasible reason. Graphical method to solve the LPP.
UNITS VI. PROBABILITY
1. Probability :
Multiplication theorem on probability, Conditional probability, independent events,
total probability. Baye’s theorem, Partition of a sample space.
 Distribution of Marks
Chapter–1 : Relations and Functions (1+3=4)
Chapter–2 : Inverse Trigonometric functions (1+1+4(c)=6)
Chapter–3 : Matrices (1+1+3=5)
Chapter–4 : Determinants (3+5=8)
Chapter–5 : Continuity and Differentiability (1+3+4(c)=8)
Chapter–6 : Applications of Derivatives (1+1+5(c)=7)
Chapter–7 : Integrals (1+3+3=7)
Chapter–8 : Applications of Integrals (3)
Chapter–9 : Differential Equations (1+1+3(c)=5)
Chapter–10 : Vector Algebra (1+3+3=7)
Chapter–11 : Three Dimensional Geometry (1+1+5(c)=7)
Chapter–12 : Linear Programming (5)
Chapter–13 : Probability (1+1+3+3(c)=8)
There are three Difficulty Levels of Questions in the Mathematics Question Paper,
i.e., Easy, Moderate, Difficult/HOTS
MCQ Very Short Long Ques. Long Ques.
Levels (Section A) (Section B) Ans. Ans. Total
(Section C) (Section D)
Easy 06 05 01 01 13
Moderate 05 04 01 02 12
Hots/ 05 03 – 01 09
Difficult
Total 16 12 02 04 34
Questions

Total No. of Questions = 34

Weightage :
Weightage of Questions and Marks
Marks % of Marks
Easy Questions = 13 30 Marks 37·50%
Moderate Questions = 12 31 Marks 38·75%
Difficult Questions = 09 19 Marks 23·75%
Total Questions = 34 80 Marks 100%

3
 H.P. BOARD MODEL QUESTION PAPER – 2024-25 (SOLVED)
Mathematics – XII

Total : 3 Hrs. M.M. : 80

Special Instructions :–
1. This Question Paper contains 4 sections A, B, C & D. Each section is compulsory.
2. Section A has 13 MCQ’s and 3 Assertion Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 12 Very Short answer questions of 3 marks each i.e. Qs. 17 to 28.
4. Sections C has 2 Short answer questions of 4 marks each, i.e. Qs. 29 to 30.
5. Sections D has 4 Long answer questions of 5 marks each, i.e. Qs. 31 to 34.
Note : Question no. 25, 26 and 32 are application based questions.

Section – A
1. Let R be the relation in the set N given 7. The total revenue in Rupees received
by R = {(a, b) : a = b – 2, b > 6} from the sale of x units of a product is
Choose the correct answer : given by R(x) = 3x2 + 36x + 5. The
(a) (2, 4) Î R (b) (3, 8) Î R marginal revenue, when x = 15 is :
(c) (6, 8) Î R (d) (8, 7) Î R. (a) 116 (b) 96
2. If sin–1 x = y, then (c) 90 (d) 126.
(a) 0 £ y £ p (b) –
1
£y£
1 8. The interval in which y = x2 e–x is
2 2 increasing :
1 1 (a) (– ¥, ¥) (b) (–2, 0)
(c) 0 < y < p (d) – < y < .
2 2
(c) (2, ¥) (d) (0, 2)
1 2
3. tan–1 3 – cot–1 1 3 is equal to
9. Choose the correct answer
1
(a) p (b) – dx
2 2 x2 1 2 x 1 2 equals :
(c) 0 (d) 2 3 .
(a) (x tan–1) (x + 1) + c
4. The number of all possible matrices of
order 3 × 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is : (b) tan–1 (x + 1) + c
(a) 27 (b) 18 (c) (x + 1) tan–1 x + c
(c) 81 (d) 512. (d) tan–1 x + c
5. If A, B are symmetric matrices of the 10. The degree of the differential equation
same order, then AB – BA is a
1 d 2 y 2 1 dy 2 2 1 dy 2
(a) Skew symmetric matrix 4 2 5 3 46 dx 57 3 sin 46 dx 57 + 1 = 0 is
6 dx 7
(b) Symmetric matrix
(c) Zero matrix (a) 3 (b) 2
(d) Identity matrix. (c) 1 (d) Not defined.
6. If f(x) = cos–1 x, then f ¢(x) is dy
11. The integrating factor of x + 2y= x2
11 1 dx
(a) (b)
12 x 2
1 1 x2 is
(a) x (b) ex
11 11
(c) (d) . 2
1 2 x2 1 1 x2 (c) e x (d) x2
H.P. Board Model Question Paper 5
1 1 Options :
12. The vectors a and b are perpendicular
if (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
11 1 1 (R) are true, and Reason (R) is
(a) a b = 0 (b) a × b = 0 the correct explanation of
11
(c) a . b = 0 (d) None of these. Assertion (A).
13. The direction cosines of z-axis are (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(a) (0, 1, 0) (b) (0, 0, 1) (R) are true, but Reason (R) is
(c) (0, 0, 0) (d) (1, 0, 0). not the correct explanation of
Assertion Reason Based questions : Assertion (A).
In the followings questions, a statement of (c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason
assertion (A) is followed by a statement of (R) is false.
Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out (d) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason
of the following from (Ques. 14-16) :– (R) is false.
14. Assertion (A) : The vector equation
16. Assertion (A) : The probability of
of the line with the Cartesian
equation :– event B occurring given that event A
x13 y25 z16 1 B2 5
3 3 is has occurred, denotes as P 3 4 , is .
2 4 2 5 A 6 11
1 1 1 1 1 1
r = ( 23 i 3 5 j 2 6 k ) 3 4 (2 i 3 4 j 3 2 k ) Reason (R) : The formula for
Reason (R) : The direction ratios of conditional probability is given by
the line are given by the coefficient 1 B2 P(A 1 B)
of the denominators in the Cartesian P3 4 = and with
5 A6 P(A)
form, and the point on the line can
be found by equating the fractions to 6 5
P(A) = , P(B) = and
zero. 11 11
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) are true, but Reason (R) is 7 1 B2
P(A È B) = , P 3 4 is calculated
the correct explanation of 11 5 A 6
Assertion (A). 2
as .
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason 5
(R) are true, but Reason (R) is
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A). (R) are true and Reason (R) is
the correct explanation of
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason
(R) is false Assertion (A).
(d) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) are false. (R) are true, but Reason (R) is
15. Assertion (A) : The probability of not the correct explanation of
getting an odd number when a dice Assertion (A).
1 (c) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason
thrown once is .
2 (R) is true
Reason (R) : A standard die has six (d) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
faces, with three of them showing
(R) are false.
odd numbers (1, 3 and 5)
6 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
Section – B
17. Show that the relation R in the set 26. A game at a local fair involves drawing
R of real numbers defined as balls from a box to win prizes. The
R = {a, b) : a £ b2} is neither reflexive box contains 10 black balls and 8 red
nor symmetric nor transitive. balls. To win the top prizes, a player
18. Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, A = [aij] must draw two red balls consequently,
whose elements are given by with each ball being replaced back into
the box before the next draw. If you
( i 1 j )2 were advising a player and their
aij =
2 chances of winning the top prizes, how
19. Find the area of the triangle whose you would calculate the probability that
vertices are (3, 8), (–4, 2) and (5, 1). both balls drawn are red ?
20. Find the values of K, so that the function 27. Find the probability distribution of
f is continuous at the indicated point : number of heads in two tosses of a
coin.
13 Kx 2 , if x 2 2 at x = 2 Or
f(x) = 4 .
53 3 , if x > 2 A coin is tossed three times such that
1 – cos x E : head on third toss
21. Evaluate 2 1 1 cos x dx. F : heads on first two tosses
1 E2
1 Find P 3 4 .
5 F6
2
sin 4 x
22. Evaluate : 3 sin 4 x 2 cos4 x dx . 28. Find the area enclosed by the circle
0 x2 + y2 = a2
23. Solve the differential equation :
dy
Section – C
+ 2y = sin x.
dx 29. Prove that :
Or
Find the general solution of the 12 3 56
cos–1 + sin–1 = sin–1 .
dy 1 1 cos x 13 5 65
differential equation : 2 .
dx 1 3 cos x Or
1 1 1 1 1 1
24. Find | a × b |, if a = (2 i 2 j 2 3 k ) Write in the simplest form :
1 1 1 1 1 cos x 3 sin x 2
and b = (3 i 2 5 j 3 2 k ) . tan–1 4
1 1 1 6 cos x + sin x 57
25. Show that the vector 2 i 2 j 3 k , dy
30. Find , when xy + y2 = tan x + y.
1 1 1 1 1 1 dx
i 2 3 j 2 5 k and 3 i 2 4 j 2 4 k form Or
the vertices of a right angled triangle. Differentiate w.r.t. x (cos x)y = (cos y)x.

Section – D
31. Solve the system of linear equations 32. A square piece of tin of side 18 cm is
using matrix method : to be made into a box without top, by
2x + 3y + 3z = 5; cutting of square from each corner and
x – 2y + z = –4; folding up the flaps. What should be
the side of the square to be cut off so
3x – y – 2z = 3
that the volume of box is maximum ?
H.P. Board Model Question Paper 7

Or Or
An apache helicopter of enemy is flying Find the angle between the pair of lines
along the curve given by y = x2 + 7. given by :
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
A soldier placed at (3, 7) wants to r 3 3 i 4 2 j 5 4 k 4 6( i 4 2 j 4 2 k )
shoot down the helicopter when it is 2 1 1 1 1 1
nearest to him. Find the nearest and r 3 5 i 4 2 j 5 6(3 i 5 2 j 5 6 k )
distance. 34. Solve the following linear programming
33. Find the shortest distance between problem (LPP) graphically :–
lines : Maximize Z = 3x + 2y
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 subject to constraints :
r 3 i 4 2 j 4 3 k 4 5( i 6 3 j 4 2 k ) x + 2y £ 10
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3x + y £ 15
r 3 4 i 4 5 j 4 6 k 4 5 (2 i 4 3 j 4 k )
x, y ³ 0.

SOLUTIONS
1. R = {(a, b) : a = b – 2, b > 6} Þ (AB – BA)¢ = – (AB – BA)
Clearly (6, 8) Î R as 6 = 8 – 2 \ option (a) is the correct answer.
and 8 > 6
d 11
Hence option (c) is the correct answer. 6. (cos–1 x) =
dx 1 1 x2
2. We know that
sin –1 x = y is defined for all \ option (d) is the correct answer.
1 1 1 1 7. Given, R(x) = 3x2 + 36x + 5
y Î 24 – , 35 \ – £ y £
6 2 27 2 2
dR
\ option (b) is the correct answer. Marginal Revenue, = 6x + 36
dx
3. tan–1 3 1 cot 11 1 3 1 2 dR
= tan–1 3
3 1 2 1 cot11 3
..
1 24 At x = 15,
dx
= 6 × 15 + 36 = 126

[ . cot–1 (–x)=p – cot–1 x] \ option (d) is the correct answer.

= 1 2 1 3 1 = 12 8. y = x2 e–x
3 6 2 dy
... option (b) is the correct answer. \
dx
= x2·e–x.(–1)+ e–x · 2x
4. Number of elements of 3 × 3 matrix
=3×3=9 = e–x (2x – x2)
Number of ways to write 0 or 1 at one dy – x ( x – 2)
place = 2 Þ =
dx ex
Number of ways to write 0 or 1 at nine dy
places For increasing function, >0
dx
=2×2×2×2×2×2×2
× 2 × 2 = 29 = 512 – x ( x – 2) x( x – 2)
\ there are 512 possible matrices of Þ >0 Þ <0
e x ex
order 3 × 3 with entries 0 or 1. Þ x (x – 2) < 0
\ (d) is the correct answer.
5. Given A¢ = A, B¢ = B 1 a 1
2 _ If < 0, then either a < 0 or b <0 2
now (AB – BA)¢ = (AB)¢ - (BA)¢ 3 b 3
= B¢A¢ – A¢B¢ = BA – AB Here ex is + ve
8 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
Þ (x – 0) (x – 2) < 0 14. We know that vector equation of line
Þ x Î (0, 2) x 1 x1 y 1 y1 z 1 z1
2 2 =l
a b c
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
r 3 ( x1 i 4 y1 j 4 z1 k )3 4( a i 3 b j 3 c k )
\ Assertion (A) is correct.
Hence option (d) is the correct answer.
Also Reason (R) is correct explanation
dx
9. Let I= 2 x2 1 2x 1 2
of Assertion (A).
\ option (a) is the correct answer.
dx
= 3 x2 2 2x 2 1 2 1
15. When a dice is thrown,
probability of getting odd number
dx
1 3 ( x 2 1)2 2 (1)2 =
3 1
1
6 2
2 x 1 13
4 tan –1 5 1c \ Assertion (A) is true.
7 1 68
A dice has 3 faces showing odd numbers
Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
\ Reason (R) is correct explanation
10. Since given differential equation
of Assertion (A)
1 dy 2
contains term sin 3 4 , therefore its Hence option (a) is the correct
5 dx 6
answer.
degree is not defined.
Hence option (d) is the correct answer. 16. Clearly Assertion (A) is correct
dy dy 2 P(A 1 B)
11. x + 2y = x2 Þ 1 y= x Also, P(B/A) =
dx dx x P(A)
2 P(A) + P(B) 1 P(A 2 B)
Here P= ,Q=x =
x P(A)
2
2 dx
Integrating factor, e 2
Pdx
1e x 6 5 7 4
1 2
log x 2 4 2
=e 2 log x
1e = x2 = 11 11 11 3 11 3 3
6 6 6 3
\ option (d) is the correct answer.
11 1 1
11 11
12. We know that a . b = ( a ) ( b ) cos q
1 1
Clearly, R is true but it is not correct
1
when a and b are perpendicular, q = explanation of assertion (A).
2
11 1 1 1 Hence option (b) is correct.
\ a . b = ( a ) ( b ) cos = 0
2 17. R = {(a, b) : a £ b2, a, bÎR}
2 1 3 1 1 1 1
571 cos 4 068 Reflexive : As 2 for 2 ÎR
2 2 3 3 4
11
Þ a .b = 0 1
1 213
Hence option (c) is the correct answer. i.e. 12 4 5
2 617
13. Since direction cosines of z-axis are
\ (a, a) Ï R 1a Î R
<0, 1, 0>, therefore option (a) is
the correct answer. Þ R is not reflexive.
H.P. Board Model Question Paper 9

Symmetry : x
1 – cos x 2 sin 2
As 2, 5ÎR and 2 < 25 i.e. 2 < 52 21. 3
1 2 cos x
dx 13 2 2x dx
\ (2, 5) Î R But 5 12 4 i.e. 5 12 22 2 cos
Þ (5, 2)ÏR \ R is not symmetric. 2
2 x 1 x 2
Transitive : As 3, –2, –1 Î R and = 8 tan dx 3 8 4 sec 2 – 15 dx
2 6 2 7
3 < (–2)2 and –2 < (–1)2
x
\ (3, –2)ÎR and (–2, –1) Î R tan
2 x
= – x + C = 2 tan – x + C
But 3 12 (–1)2 Þ (3, –1) Ï R 1 2
\ R is not transitive. 2
1
Hence, R is neither reflexive nor 2
symmetric nor transitive. sin 4 x
2
22. Let I = 3 sin 4 x 2 cos4 x ...(1)
(i 1 j ) 0
18. aij = 1
2 Change x to –x
2
1
(1 1 1)2 21 3
a11 = = 2; 2 sin 4 5 4 x 6
2 72 8
I= dx
421 3 421 3
(1 1 2)2 9 0 sin 5 4 x 6 9 cos 5 4 x 6
a12 = 2 72 8 72 8
2 2 1
2
(2 1 1)2 9 (2 1 2) 2
cos4 x
a21 =
2
2 ; a22 =
2 2
=8 = 3 cos4 x 2 sin 4 x dx ...(2)
0
1 92 On adding (1) and (2), we get
32 24 1
\ A=3 4 2
39 84 sin 4 x 2 cos4 x
53 2 64 2I = 3 sin 4 x 2 cos4 x dx
0
3 8 1 1
1
19. Required area = 14 2 1 2
2 1 1
5 1 1 = 4 1 dx 2 [ x ]01 / 2 2 302
2 2
0
1
= [3(2 – 1) – 8 (–4 – 5) + 1(– 4 – 10)] 1
2 \I=
4
1 1 23. It is a linear differential equation of
= [3 + 72 – 14] = × 61
2 2
dy
= 30·5 sq unit. the type + Py = Q
dx
20. L.H.L. = Lt = Kx2 = 4 K
x 2 21 Here, P = 2, Q = sin x
R.H.L. = Lt 3 = 3 I.F. = e 1
P dx
2 e 1 = e2x
2 dx
x 2 21
function is continuous, \ Solution of differential equation is
given by
3
\ 4K = 3 Þ K = 2x
4 y.e2x = 1 sin x e dx ...(1)
10 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII

2x 1 1 1
Let I= 1 sin x e dx
1 1
i j k
24. a × b = 2 1 3
e2 x e2 x
I = sin x – 2 cos x dx 1 C 3 5 22
2 2
1 1 1
= 217 i 3 13 j 3 7 k
1
= sin x e2x 1 1
2 | a × b | = 289 1 169 1 49 2 507
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 e2 x e2 x 2 25. Let vectors 2 i 2 j 3 k, i 2 3 j 2 5 k
– 3cos x · – 7 (–sin x ) dx 4+ C
25 2 2 6
1 1 1
and 3 i 2 4 j 2 4 k be position vectors
1 1 1 of points A, B, C.
I= sin x e2x – cos x e2x – I + C 23 1 1 1 23 1 1 1
2 4 4 OA 4 2 i 5 j 6 k , OB 4 i 5 3 j 5 5 k ,
1 23 1 1 1
11 1 2
ÞI + I = 3 sin x – cos x 4 e2x + C OC 4 3 i 5 4 j 5 4 k
4 52 4 6 12 12 12
Let AB, BC and BC represents sides
5 11 1 2 of DABC
Þ I = 3 sin x – cos x 4 e2x + C
4 52 4 6 12 1 1
AB = (1 – 2) i + (–3 + 1) j
411 1 2 2x 1 1 1 1
Þ I= 35 sin x – cos x46 e + C + (–5 – 1) k = – i – 2 j – 6 k
5 2 4
12 1 1
Put in (1) BC = (1 – 2) i + (–3 + 1) j
1 1 1 1
411 1 2 + (–5 – 1) k = – i – 2 j – 6 k
Þ ye2x = 3 sin x – cos x4 e2x + C 1 1
5
5 2 4 6 12
AC = (2 – 3) i + (–1 + 4) j
1 1 1 1 1
Þ y= (2 sin x – cos x) + Ce–2x + (1 + 4) k = – i + 3 j – 5 k
5 12
which is the required solution. | AB| = 1 1 4 1 36 2 41,
12
Or |BC| = 4 1 1 1 1 2 6 ,
x 12
dy 2 sin 2 |AC| = 1 1 9 1 25 2 35
1 1 cos x 2 x
= 2 = tan2 12 12
dx 1 3 cos x 2 x 2 Thus, |BC| + |AC|2 = 6 + 35 = 41
2 cos
2 12
= | AB|2
2 x
3 dy 1 tan 2 dx 2 C Hence DABC is rt. Ðd D.
26. Number of black balls = 10
x
tan Number of red balls = 8
1 2x 2 2 3 x4C
\ y = 6 sec 3 17 4 C 5 Total number of balls = 18
8 2 9 1
2 P (both balls are red) = P(first ball is
red) × P(second ball is red, given first
x is red)
\ y = 2 tan – x + C is the required
2 8 8 4 4 16
general solution. = 1 2 1 2
18 18 9 9 81
H.P. Board Model Question Paper 11
27. Sample Space, S = {HH, HT, TH, 12 3
TT} 29. Let cos–1 = x and sin–1 = y
13 5
Let X denote number of heads in two
tosses 12 3
Þ cos x = and sin y =
\ X can take the values 0, 1, 2 13 5

1 \ sin x = 1 1 cos 2 x
\ P(X = 0) = P(No head) = P(TT)=
4
144 5
2 = 11 =
P(X=1)= P(One head) = P(HT, TH)= 169 13
4
1 and cos y = 1 1 sin 2 y
P(X=2)= P(Two heads)= P(HH) =
4
9 4
Hence Probability distribution is = 11 =
25 5
X 0 1 2 We know that
1 2 1 sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y
P(X)
4 4 4 5 4 12 3 20 1 36 56
= 1 2 1 = 2
OR 13 5 13 5 65 65
When a coin is tossed three times 56
\ x + y = sin–1
Sample Space, S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, 65
THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT} 12 3 56
E = {HHH, HTH, THH, TTH} Þ cos–1 + sin–1 = sin–1
13 5 65
F = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT} Hence proved.
\ E Ç F = {HHH, HTH} Or
2 We write it as
P(E 1 F) 8 2 1
\ P(E/F) = 2 2 2 1 sin x 2
P(F) 4 4 2
4 1 3 cos x 5 1 1 3 tan x 2
8 tan–1 4 5 = tan–1 4 5
4 1 6 sin x 5 7 1 6 tan x 8
28. Equation of circle is x2 + y2 = a2. 4 cos x 5
7 8
or y2 = a2 – x2 Þ y = a 2 1 x 2
Area of circle = 4 (Area of one quadrant) 1 11 22 1
tan–1 5 tan 5 3 x 6 6 = – x
a a 7 74 88 4
= 4 1 y.dx = 4 2 a 2 1 x 2 dx which is the required simplest form.
0 0 30. xy + y2 = tan x + y
a Diff. it w.r.t. x
2x 2 a2 x3
=45 a 1 x2 4 sin 11 6
dy dy dy
57 2 2 a 68
0 x + y × 1 + 2y = sec2 x +
dx dx dx
2 a2 3 dy
= 4 4 sin 11 1 1 0 5 Þ (x + 2y – 1)= sec2 x – y
dx
46 2 57
1 dy sec 2 x 1 y
= 2a2. = pa2 sq. units \ = .
2 dx x 2 2y 11
12 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
Or 25 3 93
(cos x)y = (cos y)x 4
= 5 6 13 155
4
Taking log on both sides 485 11 6 7 59
log (cos x)y = log (cos y)x
15 3 92
Þ y log cos x = x log cos y 1 1 3
A–1= adjA 5 5 613 144
Diff. w.r.t. ‘x’ |A| 40 3
735 11 6 7 84
1 dy
y. (– sin x) + log cos x. Now AX = B Þ X = A–1 B
cos x dx
1 sin y dy 1x2 15 3 92 1 52
= x. . + log cos y 3 y 4 = 1 35 5 13 144 35 44
cos y dx 3 4 40 3 3 4
37 z 48 38 5 11 5 7 49 38 349
Þ – y tan x + (log cos x
dy 3 25 1 12 2 27 4 3 40 4
+ x tan y) = log cos y 1 5 1 5
dx = 6
25 2 52 2 3 6 7 80 66
40 5 40 5
dy log (cos y ) 1 y tan x 58 25 1 44 1 2169 58 1 40 69
=
dx log (cos x ) 1 x tan y
1x2 1 12
31. The given system of equations can be 3 y4 = 3 24
expressed as AX = B, where 3 4 3 4
37 z 48 36 5 147
12 3 32 1 x2
3
A = 31 52 144 , X = 3 y 4, 32. Let x cm be the side of the square to
3 4 be cut from each corner at the given
63 3 5 1 5 2 74 37 z 48
square piece of tin of side 18 cm
1 52
Therefore, the dimension of the box
B = 35 44 are
3 4
36 347
l = 18 – 2x cm, b = 18 – 2x cm.
12 3 32 and h = x cm.
31 52 144
|A| = 3 \ Volume of the box
63 3 5 1 5 2 74 V = lbh = (18 – 2x)2 x
= 2 (4 + 1) – 3 (–2 – 3) + 3 (–1 + 6) = (324 + 4x2 – 72x) x
= 10 + 15 + 15 = 40 ¹ 0 Þ V = 324x + 4x3 – 72x2
Therefore A is non-singular matrix so dV
A–1 exists and given system has a Þ = 324 + 12x2 – 144x
dx
unique solution.
A11= 5 ; A12 = 5; A13 = 5
A21= 3 ; A22 = – 13; A23 = 11
A31= 9 ; A32 = 1; A33 = – 7
25 5 53 1
4 3 6 13 115
adj A = 4 5
489 1 6 7 59
H.P. Board Model Question Paper 13

dV \ x=1
= 0 Þ 12x2 – 144x + 324 = 0
dx d
Again (D2) = 12 x12 + 2
Þ 12 (x2 – 12x + 27) = 0 dx1
Þ (x – 3) (x – 9) = 0
Þ x = 3, 9 d 2 (D2 )
= +ve.
But, x = 9 dx12 x1 1 3
Þ l = b = 0, which is impossible Thus for x1 = 1, D2 is minimum
\ x=3 Þ D is minimum.
d 2V Hence for x1 = 1, y1 = 12 + 7 = 8
Now = 24x – 144
dx 2 \ Minimum distance

d 2V D= (1 1 3)2 2 (8 1 7)2 3 5 units.

Þ = 72 – 144 < 0
dx 2 x 1 3 33. Comparing the given equations with
1 1 1 1 1 1
Þ V is maximum when x = 3 r 2 a1 3 4 b1 and r 2 a2 3 4 b2
Hence volume of the box will be 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
2
maximum when the side of the square a1 3 i 4 2 j 4 3 k , b1 3 i 4 3 j 5 2 k
to be cut from each corner = 3 cm. 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
2
OR a2 3 4 i 4 5 j 4 6 k , b2 3 2 i 4 3 j 4 k
2 2 1 1 1
D= ( x1 1 3)2 2 ( y1 1 7)2 a2 3 a1 4 3 i 5 3j 5 3k
or D2 = (x1 – 3)2 + (y1 – 7)2 1 1 1
i j k
(x1, y1) lie y = x2 + 7 1 1
b1 2 b2 = 1 4 3 2
\ y1 = x12 + 7 2 3 1

\ D2 = (x1 – 3)2 + ( x12)2 1

= 29 i 3 3j 3 9k
1 1

= x12 – 6x1 + 9 + x14 1 1

|b1 2 b2| = 81 1 9 1 81 2 171
Diff. w.r.t. x 1 1 1 1
d ( b1 2 b2 ).( a2 3 a1 )
(D2) = 2x1 – 7 + 4 x13 \ S.D. =
1 1
dx | b1 2 b2 |
= 4 x13 + 2x1 – 6
1 27 2 9 2 27
=
d 171
As (D2) = 0
dx1
9 3 19
= 1 units.
Þ 4 x13 = 4 x13 + 2x1 – 6 = 0 3 9 19
or (x1 – 1) (4 x12
+ 4x1 + 6) = 0 Or
Either x1 – 1 = 0 Let q be the angle between lines
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
or 4 x12 + 4x1 + 6 = 0 r 3 3 i 4 2 j 5 4 k 4 6( i 4 2 j 4 2 k )
2 1 1 1 1 1
But 4 x12 + 4x1 + 6 have no real roots. and r 3 5 i 4 2 j 5 6(3 i 5 2 j 5 6 k )
14 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
2 1 1 1 34. Objective function is, Z = 3x + 2y
here a1 3 3i 4 2j 5 4k L1 : x + 2y = 10 L2: 3x + y = 15
2 1 1 1 A B C D
b1 3 i 4 2j 4 2k
x 6 0 x 5 4
2 1 1
a2 3 5i 4 2j y 2 5 y 0 3
2 1 1 1
b2 3 3i 4 2j 4 6k
1 1
b .b
\ cos q= 1 2
1 1
|b1||b2 |
1 1 1 1 1 1
( i 2 2 j 2 2 k )·(3 i 2 2 j 2 6 k )
=
(1)2 2 (2)2 2 (2)2 (3)2 2 (2)2 2 (6)2

11 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 6 Corner points Z = 3x + 2y
=
1 2 4 2 4 9 2 4 2 36 0 (0, 0) 0

3 1 4 1 12 19 19 C (5, 0) 15
= 2 2 B (0, 5) 10
9 49 3 3 7 21
D (4, 3) 18 ¬¾ maxin
1 19 2
\ q = cos–1 3 4 Here Z is maximum at D (4, 3)
5 216
\ x = 4, y = 3 is optimal solution.

mmmmm
Mock Test Papers 15

MOCK TEST PAPERS

Class-XII
Mock Test Paper—1
Subject – Mathematics
Time Allowed : 3 Hrs. Maximum Marks : 80
Special Instructions :
(i) While answering questions, you must indicate on your answer-book the same
question number as appears in your question-paper.
(ii) Do not leave blank pages in your answer-book.
(iii) Q. nos. 1 to 16 are multiple choice questions and are of 1 mark each. Question
nos. 17 to 25 are of 3 marks each. Question nos. 26 to 28 are of 4 marks each
and Question nos. 29 to 33 are of 5 marks each.
(iv) All questions are compulsory.
(v) Internal choices have been provided in some questions.
(vi) Use of calculator is not permitted. You may ask for logarithmic tables if necessary.
(vii) Graph paper must be attached in between the answer-book pages.

1. Let f : R ® R defined by f(x) = 1 5. The element a21 of a 3 × 2 matrix

+ x2. Choose the correct answer : |i 1 3 j |
A = (aij) whose aij = is :
(a) Both one-one and onto 2
(b) One-one, but not onto 5 1
(a) (b) –
(c) Onto, but not one-one 2 2
1 5
(d) Neither one-one nor onto. (c) (d) – .
2 2
2. tan–1 –1
3 – sec (–2) is equal to 6. The derivative of ax is :
(a) p (b) 1 2 ax
3 (a) ax (b)
log a
1 21
(c) (d) . (c) ax log a (d) None of these.
3 3
7. The function f(x) = 2 – 3x is
1 71 3 is (a) decreasing
2
3. The value of cos–1 cos
6 4 (b) increasing
equal to : (c) neither decreasing nor increasing
(d) None of these.
71 51
(a) (b) 8. The slope of the normal to the curve
6 6
y = 2x2 + 3 sin x at x = 0 is :
1 1
(c) (d) . 1
3 6 (a) 3 (b)
3
4. If A is symmetric as well as skew –1
symmetric matrix, then (c) –3 (d) .
3
(a) A is diagonal matrix dx
(b) A is null matrix
9. 1 x log x =

(c) A is unit matrix (a) log x + C (b) log|log x| + C

(d) A is triangular matrix. (c) |log x| + C (d) None of these.
15
16

10. The general solution of differential 1 1

15. Assertion : If P(A) = , P(B) =
dy x 2 2 3
equation 1 is
dx y 2 1 1 A2 3
and P(A Ç B) = then P 4 5 3 .
(a) x3 + y3 = C (b) y3 – x3 = C 4 6 B7 4
(c) y2 – x2 = C (d) y2 + x2 = C. Reason : If A Î B are independent
dy events then P(A Ç B) = P(A)·P(B).
11. The integrating factor of –y =
dx 16. Assertion : Two coins are tossed
cos x is once then the probability of getting
(a) e–x (b) e–y tail on one coin given that one coin
–1 1
(c) x (d) . shows head is .
x 2
1 1 1 1
12. If i 2 k and j 2 k are position Reason : If A Î B are mutually
vectors of two points A and B exclusive events then P(A È B) ¹
12 P(A) + P(B).
respectively, then |AB| is
17. Let L be the set of all lines in a
(a) 2 (b) 5 plane and R be the relation in L
(c) 7 (d) 6 . defined as R = {L1, L2} : {L1 is
13. The direction ratio of the line perpendicular to L2}. Show that R is
1 2 2 2 2 2 symmetric but neither reflexive nor
r 3 (2 i 4 k ) 4 5(3 i – j 4 2 k ) is
transitive.
(a) <3, –1, 2> (b) <–1, 3, 2>
(c) <3, 2, –1> (d) None of these. 1 1
18. Find (A + A1 ) and (A – A1 ) ,
Assertion Reason Based questions : 2 2
when
In the following questions, a statement of
assertion (A) is followed by a statement 1 0 a b2
of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer A = 33–a 0 c 44
out of the following from (Ques. 14-16) :–
35–b –c 0 46
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) are true, but Reason (R) is 13 5 2
the correct explanation of 19. Express the matrix 3 4 as the
Assertion (A). 51 –16
sum of a symmetric and skew-
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
symmetric matrix.
(R) are true, but Reason (R) is
not the correct explanation of 20. Find all points of discontinuity of
Assertion (A). function given by
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason 34 x 1 1 if x 2 1
(R) is false f(x) = 5
2
(d) Both Assertion (A) and Reason 47 x 1 1 if x 6 1
(R) are false. 21. Evaluate
14. Assertion: The direction ratios of a line 1
log|cos x – sin x| + C
2
2 x 1 1 y 21 z 1 1 2
3 3 are <4, 2, 3>.
4 2 3 22. Evaluate 2x ( x 1 2) dx
Reason : The direction ratios of a 0
x 1 x1 y 1 y1 z 1 z1 23. Find general solution of
line 2 2 are
a b c dy 1 1 cos x
2
<a, – b, c>. dx 1 3 cos x
Mock Test Papers 17
Or 30. Differentitiate
Find general solution of
dy ( x 1 1)( x 1 2)
2 3y 3 e
12 x
. w.r.t. x.
dx ( x 1 3)( x 1 4)( x 1 5)
1 2 2 2
24. If a 3 2 i 4 j 4 3 k Or
1 2 2 2 If y = 500 e7x + 600 e–7x show that
and b 3 3 i 4 5 j 5 2 k ,
2
1 1 d y
then find | a 2 b |. 2
= 49 y.
25. Find the unit vector perpendicular to dx
1 1 31. Solve system of linear equations,
each of the vectors ( a 2 b ) and using matrix method.
1 1 1 2 2 2
( a 2 b ) where a 3 i 4 j 4 k and x–y+z =4
1 2 2 2
2x + y – 3z= 0
b 3 i 4 2 j 4 3k .
x + y + z = 2.
26. A die is thrown 6 times. If getting
an odd number is success, what is 32. A man 2 metres high walks at a
the probability of : uniform speed of 5 km/hr away from
a lamp post 6 m high. Find the rate
(i) 5 successes (ii) at least 5 successes
at which length of his shadow
(iii) at most 5 successes ?
increases.
27. A fair coin and an unbiased die are
Or
tossed. Let A be the event, ‘head
Show that the angle of right circular
appears on the coin’ and B be the
cone of given surface area and
event, ‘3 on the die’. Check whether A
and B are independent events or not. 1 12
maximum volume is sin–1 3 4 .
5 36
Or
An Urn contains 5 red and 5 black 33. Find the shortest distance between
balls. A ball is drawn at random, its the lines whose vector equations are
1 1 1 1
colour is noted and returned to the
r = (1– t ) i 2 (t – 2) j 2 (3 – 2t ) k
urn. Moreover, 2 additional balls of
the colour drawn are put in the urn and
and then a ball is drawn at random. 1 1 1 1
r = (s 2 1) i 2 (2s –1) j –(2s 2 1) k
What is the probability that the
second ball is red ? Or
28. Find the area bounded by the curve Find the cartesian equation of line,
y2 = 4x and line x = 3. which passes through point (–2, 4,
–5) and parallel to the line given by
1 cos x 2 –3 1
29. Express tan –1 3 4, x13 y–4 z18
61 5 sin x 7 2 2 2 .
5 5 6
31
2x2 in simplest form. 34. Maximize :
2
Or z = 3x + 2y
1 1 – cos x 2 subject to x + 2y £ 10
Express tan–1 33 44, 0 < x
6 1 5 cos x 7 3x + 2y £ 15
< p in simplest form. x, y ³ 0
18

Answers
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (d)

10 a b2
13 3 2 1 0 2 2
18. 0; 3 5 a 0 c 4 19. 4 534 5
3 4
36 5 b 5 c 0 47 6 3 –17 6 –2 0 7

20. No point of discontinuity

16
21.
1
2
1
x 1 |cos x – sin x| + C 22.
2 15
23 2 1 2
23. y = 2 tan
x
2
– x + C (OR) y = e–2x + Ce–3x 24. 507 25. 4
1
6
3 3 3
5i 6 2j 5 k 1 2
3 7 63 1
26. (i ) (ii ) (iii ) 27.Independent (OR) 28. 8 3 sq. units
32 64 64 2

x y1 1 1 1 1 1 2
29. 1 2 x (OR) 30. 3 4 4 4
4 2 2 2 57 x 4 1 x 4 2 x 4 3 x 4 4 x 4 5 68
31. x = 2, y = 1, z = 1 32. 2·5 km/hr
8 x 1 2 y–4 z 15
33. units (OR) 2 2
29 5 5 6

Mock Test Paper—2

Class-XII
Subject – Mathematics
Time Allowed : 3 Hrs. Maximum Marks : 80
Special Instructions : Same as Mock Test Paper-1.

1. Let A be the set of all 50 students of 1 71 3 is equal to :

class X in a school. Let f : A ® N
2. cos–1 cos
2 6 4
51
be the function defined by f(x) = roll (a) 7 1 (b)
number of the student x. Choose the 6 6
1 1
correct answer : (c) (d) .
3 6
(a) f is both one-one and onto 3
3. The principal value of cos–1 is
(b) f is one-one, but not onto 2
π π
(c) f is many one and onto (a) (b)
6 3
π π
(d) None of these. (c) – (d) .
6 4
Mock Test Papers 19
4. If A is of order 2 × 3 and B is of (a) 507 (b) 507
order 3 × 2, then AB is of order
(c) 1 507 (d) ±507.
(a) 2 × 3 (b) 2 × 2
13. Direction cosines of X-axis are
(c) 3 × 3 (d) 3 × 2.
(a) <0, 0, 1> (b) <1, 0, 0>
5. Let A be a nonsingular square matrix
(c) <0, 1, 0> (d) <1, 1, 1>.
of order 3 × 3. Then |adjA|is :
Assertion Reason Based questions :
(a) |A| (b) |A|3
2 In the following questions, a statement of
(c) |A| (d) |3A|.
assertion (A) is followed by a statement
6. Derivative of cos x is of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer
sin x sin x out of the following from (Ques. 14-16) :–
(a) – (b) (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
2 x 2 x (R) are true, but Reason (R) is
sin x sin x the correct explanation of
(c) – (d) – . Assertion (A).
x 2
7. The function y = log (sin x) is strictly (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
increasing in the interval : (R) are true, but Reason (R) is
1
not the correct explanation of
(a) 24 1 , 135 (b) 24 0, 35 Assertion (A).
62 7 6 27 (c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason
2 13 (R) is false
(c) 4 0, 5 (d) None of these. (d) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
6 27
(R) are false.
8. The slope of the tangent to the curve
14. Assertion : If the line
y = 3x4 – 4x at x = 4 is :
(a) 674 (b) 764 x 11 y 1 2 z 2 3
3 3 and
(c) 476 (d) –764. 13 p 5
dx x 11 y 1 2 z 21
9. 2 2 = 3 3 are at right
4x 1 4x 1 1 2 24 4
1 7
1 angle then p = .
(a) 1 C (b) 2
2(2 x 1 1) 2(2 x 1 1) Reason : If the line
1 –1 x 1 x1 y 1 y1 z 1 z1
(c) 1 C (d) + C. 2 2 and
2x 1 1 2x 1 1 a1 b1 c1
10. The degree of differential equation
x 1 x2 y 1 y2 z 1 z2
dy 2 2 are perpendi-
x + y = 2 is a2 b2 c2
dx
cular if a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0.
1
(a) 2 (b) 15. Assertion : For two independent
2 event A and B such that P(A) = 0·3,
(c) 1 (d) Not defined.
P(B) = 0·5 then P(A Ç B) = 0·8.
11. The integrating factor of Reason : If A Î B are independent
dy events then P(A Ç B) =P(A)+ P(B).
x + 2 y = x2 is
dx 16. Assertion : If E and F are events such
(a) x (b) ex that P(E) = 0·6, P(F) = 0·3, P(E Ç F)
2 1 E2
(c) e x (d) x2. = 0·2 then P 3 4 = 0·67.
5 F6
1 2 2 2
12. If a 3 2 i 4 j 4 3 k and Reason : For two events A Î B,
1 2 2 2 1 1 1 B2
b 3 3 i – 5 j – 2 k , then | a × b | is P(A Ç B) = P(A)·P 3 4
5 A6
20

17. Find gof and fog. If f(x) = |x|, Or

g(x) = |5x – 2| A pair of dice is thrown 4 times. If
18. Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, A = [aij] getting a doublet is considered a
success, then find the probability of
where aij =
1 i 3 j 22
two sucesses.
2
28. Find the area bounded by y2 = 9x, x
11 52 = 2, x = 4 and x-axis in the first
19. Express the matrix 3 4 as the sum
56 76 quadrant.
of a symmetric and skew-symmetric 1 cos x – sin x 2
matrix. 29. Express tan–1 3 4,
6 cos x 5 sin x 7
20. Find all points of discontinuity of f
when f is defined by 0 < x < p in simplest form.
Or
32 x 1 3, if x 2 2
f(x) = 4
x
6 2 x – 3, if x 5 2 Express tan–1 13 2,
4
sin x 3 a2 5 x2 4
21. Evaluate 2 6 7
1 1 cos x
1
|x| < a in the simplest form.
2 dy
sin x 30. Find , if
22. Evaluate 3 1 2 cos2 x dx. dx
0 y = (x + 3)2·(x + 4)3·(x + 5)4.
23. Find the general solution of the
Or
12 1 1 234 3
differential equation 2 5 dy
13 1 3 234 3 Find , if x = cos q – cos 2q and
Or dx
Show that (x – y) dy – (x + y) dx = 0 y = sin q – sin 2q.
is a homogeneous differential 31. Solve the following system of
equation and solve it. equations by matrix method :
1 1 x+y+z =6
24. Find the projection of vector i 2 j
1 1 x + 3z = 11
on the vector i 2 j . x + z = 2y.
25. Find a unit vector perpendicular to 32. Show that of all the rectangles
1 1
each of the vectors 1 2 2 and inscribed in a given fixed circle, the
1 1 1 1 1 1 square has the maximum area.
1 2 2 , where 1 2 1 1 3 2 23 2 3 Or
1 2 2 2
and 1 3 2 4 1 3 5 1 4 . The volume of a cube is increasing
26. If A and B are two events such that at a rate of 9 cm3/sec. How fast is
1 7 the surface area increasing when the
P(A) = , P(B) = and P(not A length of an edge is 10 cm ?
2 12
1 33. Find the shortest distance between
or not B) = , state whether A and
4 the lines
B are independent. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
27. If A and B are two events such that r = i 2 2 j – 4 k 2 3(2 i 2 3 j 2 6 k )
1 1 1 1 1 1
P(A) 1 2 P(B) 1 and P(A Ç and r = 3 i 2 3 j – 5 k
3 2
1 1 1
1 2 3(2 i 2 3 j 2 6 k )
B) 1 2 find P(not A and not B).
3
Mock Test Papers 21
Or 34. Minimise z = – 3x + 4y
Determine whether the following
pairs of lines intersect : subject to
2 1 1 1 1 1 x + 2y £ 8, 3x + 2y £ 12 ; x ³ 0 ;
r 3 i 4 j – k 4 5 (3 i – j ) and
2 1 1 1 1 y ³ 0.
r 3 4 i – k 4 5 (2 i 4 3 k )

Answers
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (a)

12 92 1 11 2 1 –1 2
3 1 2 4 30 2 4 20. discontinuous at x = 2
17. |5x – 2| 18. 3 9 4
2 19. 3 4 5 3 4
3 4
53 2 8 46 311 7 4 3 1 04
63 2 74 63 2 74
1 x
21. –log|1 + cos x| + C 22. 23. y = 2 tan –x+C 24. 0
4 2
1 1 1 1 3 25
25. (2 i – 2 j – k ) 26. N0 27. (OR) 28. 16 – 4 2 sq. unit
3 8 216
1 –1 2 1 3 1 2 3 4 2 cos 3 – 2 cos 23
29. – x (OR) sin 4 5 30. y 5 4 4 6 (OR) –sin 3 4 2 sin 23
4 647 7 x 4 3 x 4 4 x 4 5 8
31. x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 32. x + 14y + 86 = 0 (OR) 3·6 cm2/sec
293
33. unit (OR) Intersect
7

Mock Test Paper—3

Class-XII
Subject – Mathematics
Time Allowed : 3 Hrs. Maximum Marks : 80
Special Instructions : Same as Mock Test Paper-1.

1. Let f : N ® N given by f(1) = f(2) 1 1

(a) (b)
= 1 and f(x) = x – 1, for every 2 3
x > 2. Choose the correct answer : 1
(c) (d) 1.
(a) f is one-one, but not onto 4
(b) f is many one and onto 2 113
3. The principal value of sin–1 4 5 is
(c) f is onto, but not one-one 6 27
1 1
(d) f is one-one and onto. (a) (b) 2
15 1 2 sin 1 2 1 3 36 is equal to : 6 6
23 2 244
21 1
2. sin 1
(c) (d) 2
4 4
22

4. If A and B are symmetric matrices (a) 2 (b) 1

of same order, then (c) 4 (d) Not Defined.
(a) A + B is skew symmetric 1 1
(b) A + B is symmetric 12. If the vectors a and b act along
any two sides of a triangle, then area
(c) A + B is diagonal matrix
of DABC in terms of vectors
(d) A + B is zero matrix. 1 1
5. Let A be a square matrix of order a and b is
3 × 3. Then |kA| is equal to 1 1 1 1
(a) | a × b | (b) | a + b |
(a) k|A| (b) k2 |A|
3 1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) k |A| (d) 3k |A|. (c) | a × b | (d) | a + b |
2 2
6. Derivative of sin(x2 + 5) is
13. The direction ratios of a line which
(a) 2x cos (x2+5) (b) x cos (x2 + 5) passes through the points
(c) 2x sin(x2 +5) (d) x sin (x2 + 5). A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) is
7. The function of f(x) = log x is strictly (a) <x1, y1, z1>
increasing on (b) <x2 – x1, y2 – y1, z2 – z1>
(a) [0, ¥) (b) (0, ¥) (c) <x2 + x1, y2 + y1, z2 + z1>
(c) (–¥, ¥) (d) None of these. (d) None of these
8. The function f(x) = sin x is Assertion Reason Based questions :
2 13 In the following questions, a statement of
(a) Increasing in 4 0, 5
6 27 assertion (A) is followed by a statement
of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer
1
(b) Decreasing in 24 0, 35 out of the following from (Ques. 14-16) :–
6 27 (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(c) Neither increasing nor decreasing (R) are true, but Reason (R) is
2 13 the correct explanation of
in 4 0, 5
6 27 Assertion (A).
(d) None of these. (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) are true, but Reason (R) is
1 1 2 not the correct explanation of
9. 8 46 x 3 5 dx =
x7 Assertion (A).
1 1/3 (c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason
(a) x + 2x1/2 + C (R) is false
3
2 1 (d) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(b) x1/3 + 2x1/2 + C (R) are false.
3 2
2 1/3 14. Assertion : The acute angle between
(c) x + 2x1/2 + C 2 1 1 1 1 1
3 the line r 3 i 4 j 4 2 k 4 5( i 6 j )
(d) None of these. 1
10. The I.F. of linear differential and the x-axis is .
4
dy Reason : The acute angle q between
equation + y = 7 is 1 1 1
dx 2
the lines r 3 x1 i 4 y1 j 4 z1 k 4
(a) e x (b) e–x
7 1 1 1
(c) e (d) None of these. 4( a1 i 3 b1 j 3 c1 k ) and
11. The order of differential equation 2 1 1 1
2 2 r 3 x2 i 4 y2 j 4 z2 k
1d y2 1 dy 2
33 2 44 + Cos 3 4 = 0, is : 1 1 1
5 dx 6 5 dx 6 3 4( a2 i 3 b2 j 3 c2 k )
Mock Test Papers 23
is given by cos q = 23. Find the general solution of the
|a1a2 1 b1b2 1 c1c2| differential equation
.
a12 1 b12 1 c12 a22 1 b22 1 c22 dy
1 4 – y 2 ;(–2 < y < 2).
15. Assertion : If A È B are mutually dx
1 Or
exclusive events such that P(A) = , Show that the differential equation
2
1 3 (x2 – y2) dx + 2xy dy = 0 is the
P(B) = then P(A È B) = . homogeneous and solve it.
4 4
Reason : If A, B are mutually 1
24. If a is any vector in space, prove
exclusive events then P(A È B) 2 21 1 2 1 1 21 1
= P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B). that a 3 ( a · i ) i 4 ( a · j ) j 4 ( a ·k ) k .
5 25. Find a unit vector perpendicular to
16. Assertion : If 2P(A) = P(B) = , 1 1
13
each of the vectors ( a 2 b ) and
1 A2 2 2 1 1
P 4 5 3 then P(A Ç B) = . 1 2 2
6 B7 5 13 ( a – b ) , where a 3 i 4 j 4 k and
Reason : For two events A Î B, 1 2 2 2
P(A Ç B) = P(A).P(B) b 3 i 4 2 j 4 3k.
17. Determine whether relation 26. A and B throw a die alternately till
one of them gets a 6 and wins the
R = {(x, y) : 3x – y = 0}
game. Find the respective probabili-
in a set A= {1, 2, 3, ..., 13, 14} is ties of winning, if A starts first.
Reflexive, transitive or symmetric.
27. Events A and B are such that P(A)
1–1 2 3 2 1 7
18. If A = 3 5 7 9 4 and B = = , P(B) =
2 12
and P(not A or not
3 4
53 2 1 1 46 1
B) = . State whether A and B are
1– 4 1 – 52 4
31 2 04 independent.
3 4 , then verify that (A – Or
35 1 3 1 46
Find the probability of getting 5
B) ¢ = A¢ – B¢.
exactly twice in 7 throws of a die.
19. Find the values of x, y and z from
the equations 28. Find the area bounded by ellipse

2 x 1 y 2 3 2 6 23 . x2 y2
1 = 1.
5 – 5 1 z xy 6 4 5 –5 8 6 16 9
7 8 7 8
cos x 1 sin x 3
20. Find all points of discontinuity of f 29. Express tan –1 24 5 in
where f is defined by 7 cos x 6 sin x 8
13 x 3 – 3 if x 2 2 simplest form, x < p.
f(x) = 4 . Or
2
37 x 5 1 if x 6 2
1 1 3 x 2 4 12
1 Express tan –1 55 66 in
21. Evaluate 2 dx .
2 7 x 8
x 1 2x 1 2
3 simplest form, x ¹ 0.
x 30. If y = 3e2x + 2e3x, then show that
22. Evaluate 2 x 2 1 1 dx.
2 y2 – 5y1 + 6y = 0.
24

Or maximum area.
dy 33. Find the shortest distance between
Find , if x = a(q – sin q) and the lines
dx
y = a(1 + cos q). x 11 y 11 z 11
= 2
7 –6 1
31. Solve the following system of
equations by matrix method : x–3 y – 5 z–7
= 1 .
2x + 3y + 3z = 5 1 –2 1
Or
x – 2y + z = –4
Find the angle between the pair of lines
3x – y – 2z = 3.
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
32. Of all the closed cylindrical cans of r 3 2 i – 5 j 4 k 4 5 (3 i 4 2 j 4 6 k )
a given volume of 100 cubic 1 1 1 1 1
2
centimetres find the dimensions of and r 3 7 i – 6 k 4 5 ( i 4 2 j 4 2 k ) .
the can which has the minimum 34. Minimise z = 5x + 3y
surface area ?
subject to
Or
Show that all rectangles inscribed in 3x + 5y £ 15 ; 5x + 2y £ 10 ;
a given fixed circle, the square has x ³ 0 ; y ³ 0.

Answers
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (c)
1 1 –12
17. Neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive 18. 3 4
5 –1 2 6
19. x = 2, y = 4, z = 0 ; x = 4, y = 2, z = 0
20. Always continuous
1
21. log ( x 1 1) 1 x 2 1 2 x 1 2 + C 22. log 2 23. y = 2 sin(x + C)
2
6 5 1 2 1 1 13
26. P(A wins) = , P(B wins) = 25. 4 7 52 i 6 2 j 5 k 8 unit
11 11 69
5
7 1 52
27. Not Independent (OR) 3 4 28. 12p sq. unit
12 5 6 6
1 1 1
29. – x (OR) tan–1 x 30. (OR) –cot
4 2 2
31. x = 1, y = 2, z = –1
1 1
50 1 50 2 3
32. r = 13 24 3 cm, h = 2 3 4 cm (OR) (i) (0, 5) and (0, –5) (ii) (2, 0) and (–2, 0).
5 76 5 76
19
33. 2 29 Unit (OR) cos–1 13 24
5 21 6
Mock Test Papers 25

Mock Test Paper—4

Class-XII
Subject – Mathematics
Time Allowed : 3 Hrs. Maximum Marks : 80
Special Instructions : Same as Mock Test Paper-1.
1. Let R be the Relation in the set {1,2, 1
3, 4} given by : (c) , |x| > 0
| x | x2 – 1
R = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (1, 1), (4, 4),
(1, 3), (3, 3), (3, 2)} (d) None of these.
Choose the correct answer : 7. In case of strictly increasing functions,
the derivative is
(a) R is reflexive and symmetric but
(a) positive (b) negative
not transitive
(c) zero
(b) R is reflexive and transitive but
(d) either positive or zero.
not symmetric
8. Which of the following functions are
(c) R is symmetric and transitive but
not reflexive 2 13
strictly decreasing on 4 0, 5 ?
(d) R is an equivalence relation. 6 27
(a) sin x (b) cos 3x
2. The value of tan 28 2 sin 11 46 4 57 39 is (c) cos 2x (d) tan x.
5
x
(a) 7 (b)
17 9. 2e sec x(1 1 tan x )dx =
24 24 (a) ex cos x + c(b) ex sec x + c
124 24 (c) ex sin x + c(d) ex tan x + c.
(c) (d) .
7 7 10. The I.F. of linear differential

1
3. 345 31 345 5
24 6
7 7 8 2
43 6 equation
(a) tan x
dy
dx
+ y tan x = cos x is
(b) cos x
11
(a) 1 1 (b) (c) sec y (d) sec x.
2 2
11. The integrating factor of differential
11 11 equation
(c) 2 (d) 2 2
2 3
2 13 2
4. The number of all possible matrices 4 0, 5+ y cot x = 2x+x cot x, is :
of order 3 × 3 with each entry 0 or 6 27
1 is (a) cot x (b) sin x
(a) 27 (b) 18 (c) cos 2x (d) tan x.
(b) 81 (d) 512. 12. The magnitude of vector
5. Let X and Z are matrices of order 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 × n and 2 × p respectively. If i2 j– k is
3 3 3
n = p, then the order of matrix 7X
– 5Z is (a) 1 (b) –1
(a) p × 2 (b) n × 3 1
(c) 3 (d) .
(c) 2 × n (d) p × n 3
13. If a line makes angles a, b, g with
d
6. (sec–1 x) = ? positive direction of coordinate axes,
dx then sin2 a + sin2 b + sin2 g =
x
(a) cos–1 x (b) ,x<0 (a) –1 (b) 2
x 2 –1 (c) 1 (d) –2.
26

Assertion Reason Based questions : 102

In the following questions, a statement of 18. If A = 331 44 and B = [1 5 7], then
assertion (A) is followed by a statement
of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer 53 2 64
out of the following from (Ques. 14-16) : verify that (AB)¢ = B¢A¢.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason 19. Construct a 3 × 4 matrix whose ele-
(R) are true, but Reason (R) is ments are given by
the correct explanation of 1
aij = |– 3i+ j |
Assertion (A). 2
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason 20. Find all points of discontinuity of
(R) are true, but Reason (R) is f when f is defined by
not the correct explanation of 32 x 1 3, if x 2 2
Assertion (A). f(x) = 4
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason 6 2 x – 3, if x 5 2
(R) is false 1
21. Evaluate 2 dx.
(d) Both Assertion (A) and Reason 9 x2 1 6 x 1 5
(R) are false. 8
14. Assertion : Equation of a line passing
22. Evaluate 22 | x 1 5|dx .
through the points (1, 2, 3) and 23. Find the general solution of the
x 1 3 y 21 z 1 3 differential equation
(3, –1, 3) is 3 3 . 12
2 3 0 1 2 2 12 3 2 3 145
Reason : Equation of a line passing 13
through points (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ), Or
(x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) is given by Show that the differential equation
x 1 x1 y 1 y1 z 1 z1 12
2 2 . 31 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 3 32 is homo-
x2 3 x1 y2 3 y1 z2 3 z1 13
geneous and solve it.
15. Assertion : The Probability of a
24. Find the projection of vector
3 1 1 1 1 1 1
student A passing the exam is and i 2 3 j 2 7 k on the vector 7 i 2 j 3 8 k .
5
4 25. Find l and m, if
of student B is then the probability 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 12 1 2 3 2 2 24 3 5 3 1 1 2 4 2 2 5 3 5 6 6
12 26. Given two independent events A and
of both students passing is .
25 B such that P(A) = 0·3 ; P(B)
Reason : If A and B are = 0·6, then find :
independent events then P(A Ç B) (a) P(A or B) (b) P(neither A nor B).
= P(A)·P(B). 27. Find the probability distribution of
16. Assertion : If A Î B are number of sixes of two tosses of a die.
independents events then P(A Ç B) Or
= P(A)·P(B).
There are 5% defective items in a
Reason : If A Î B are mutually large bulk of items. What is the prob-
exclusive events then P(A È B) = ability that a sample of 10 items will
P(A) P(B). include not more than one defective
17. Determine whether relation item ?
R = {(x, y) : 3x – y = 0} 28. The area between x = y2 and x = 4
in a set A = {1, 2, 3, ..., 13, 14} is is divided into two equal parts by
Reflexive, transitive or symmetric. the line x = a, find the value of a.
Mock Test Papers 27
29. Prove that Or
12 3 56 Show that semivertical angle of right
cos–1 1 sin –1 2 sin –1 circular cone of given surface area
13 5 65
Or and maximum volume is sin–1 13 1 24 .
5 36
1 1 2
Write tan–1 3 33. Find the shortest distance between
4 , |x| > 1 in
5 x 2 –1 6 pair of lines whose equations are :
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
simplest form. r 3 i 4 2 j 4 k 4 5( i 6 j 4 k)
dy ( x –1)( x – 2) and
30. Find ,if y 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1
dx ( x – 3)( x – 4)( x – 5) 2
r 3 2 i 4 j 4 k 4 5 (2 i 4 j 4 2 k )
Or
Or
dy
Find , if x = cos q – cos 2q and Find the angle between the pair of
dx
y = sin q – sin 2q. lines
31. Solve the following system of x–5 y12 z x y z
equations by matrix method : 2 2 and 1 1 .
7 –5 1 1 2 3
x – y + 2z = 7
34. Maximise z = 3x + 2y
3x + 4y – 5z = –5
2x – y + 3z = 12. Subject to
32. Find the intervals in which the x + 2y £ 10
function ‘f’ given by f(x) = 4x3 – 3x + y £ 15
6x2 – 72x + 30 is strictly increasing. x, y ³ 0.

Answers
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (d)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (d)
17. Neither Reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive 18. (– ¥, – 2)È(3, ¥)
1 1 12
31 2
0
24
3 4 1 2 3 x 1 13
19. 3 5 3
14 20. x = 2 21. tan–1 4 + C 22. 9
32
2
2 4 6 6 2 57
3 7 54
34 3 4
53 2 2 64
2y 1 x 2 2 60 27
23. yex = ex + C (OR) 2 (Cx ) 24. units 25. l = 3, m =
2y 3 x 114 2
10
26. (a) 0·72 (b) 0·28 27. x 0 1 2 (OR) 11· 13 19 24
25 10 1 5 20 6
P( x )
36 36 36
28. 42/3 29. (OR) cosec–1 x
y1 1 1 1 1 1 2 cos 1 2 2 cos 21
30. 3 4 4 4 (OR)
2 57 x 4 1 x 4 2 x 4 3 x 4 4 x 4 5 68 2 sin 1 3 2sin 21
31. x = 2, y = 1, z = 3 32. x – y = 0
3 2
33. units (OR) 90°
2
28 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII

CHAPTERWISE ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER-1 : RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
The following questions consist of two statements, one labelled as “Assertion (A)
and the other labelled as Reason (R)”. You are to examine these two statements
carefully and decide if Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are individually true and if
so, whether the Reason (R) is the correct explanation for the given Assertion (A).
Select your answer from following options.
(A) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are individually true and R is not the correct explanation
of A.
(C) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(D) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
(E) Both A and R are false.
1. Assertion : A relation R = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5)} defined on the
set A = {1, 3, 5} is reflexive.
Reason : A relation R on the set A is said to be transitive if for (a, b) Î R and
(b, c) Î R, we have (a, c) Î R.
Sol. Given R = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5)}
We know that Relation ‘R’ is reflexive on set A if 1 a Î A, (a, a) Î R
Here set A = {1, 3, 5}
(1, 1) Î R, (3, 3) Î R but (5, 5) Ï R
\ R is not reflexive
\ Assertion A is false
By definition of transition Relation, It is clear that given Reason R is true.
Hence option (D) is the correct answer.
2. Assertion : A relation R = {(a, b) : |a – b| < 2} defined on the set A = {1,
2, 3, 4, 5} is reflexive.
Reason : A relation R on the set A is said to be reflexive if for (a, b) Î R and
(b, c) Î R, we have (a, c) Î R.
Sol. Given R = {(a, b) : |a – b| < 2}
= {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4,
3), (4, 5), (5, 4)}.
Here (1, 1) Î R, (2, 2) Î R, (3, 3) Î R, (4, 4) Î R, (5, 5) Î R
Þ Relation R is reflexive on set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
\ Assertion A is true
We know that relation R is reflexive
if (a, a) Î R 1 a Î A
\ Given Reason R is false
Hence option (C) is the correct answer.
28
Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 29
3. Assertion : A relation R = {(x, y) : |x – y| = 0} defined on the set A = {3, 5, 7}
is symmetric.
Reason : A relation R on the set A is said to be symmetric if for (a, b) Î R, we
have (b, a) Î R.
Sol. Given R = {(x, y) : |x – y| = 0}
= {(3, 3), (5, 5), (7, 7)}
We know that A relation R is symmetric if
(a, b) Î R and (b, a) Î R 1 a, b Î A
Here (a, a) Î R 1 a Î A
\ R is symmetric Þ Assertion (A) is true.
Also given Reason R is true (Definition of symmetric relation) and is correct
explanation of A.
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
4. Assertion : The relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} defined as
R = {(x, y) : y is divisible by x} is an equivalence relation.
Reason : A relation R on the set A is equivalence if it is reflexive, symmetric
and transitive.
Sol. Given R = {(x, y) : y is divisible by x}
= {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4),
(1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 6)}
Clearly (1, 2) Î R but (2, 1) Ï R
Þ R is not symmetric Relation
Þ R is not equivalence relation
Þ Assertion (A) is not true
Also Reason R is true (Definition of equivalence relations)
Hence option (D) is the correct answer.
5. Assertion : The relation R in set A of human beings in a town at a particular
time given by :
R = {(x, y) : x is exactly 5 years younger than y} is symmetric.
Relation : A relation R on the set A is said to be symmetric if (a, b) Î R but
(b, a) Ï R.
Sol. Given R = {(x, y) : x is exactly 5 years younger than y}
\ y=x+5
Clearly if (a, b) Î R than (b, a) Ï R
Þ R is not symmetric relation
\ Assertion (A) is false
Also given Reason is false {By Difinition of symmetric}
\ Both A and R are false.
Hence option (E) is the correct answer.
6. Assertion : A relation R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3)} defined on the
set A = {1, 2, 3} is reflexive.
Reason : A relation R on the set A is said to be reflexive if (a, a) Î R 1 a Î A.
Sol. Given R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3)}
30 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
Since (1, 1) Î R, (2, 2) Î R and (3, 3) Î R
\ R is reflexive
Þ Assertion (A) is true.
Also given Reason (R) is true {By definition of Reflexive Relations} and is
correct explanation of A
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
7. Assertion : A relation R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3)} is symmetric
Reason : A relation R on the set A is said to be symmetric if (a, b) Î R, then
(b, a) Î R.
Sol. Given R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3)}
Here (1, 2) Î R but (2, 1) Ï R
Þ Assertion (A) is not true
Also Given Reason is true {By definition of symmetric relation}
\ Assertion A is false and Reason R is true
Hence option (D) is the correct answer.
8. Assertion : Domain and Range of a relation R = {(x, y) : x – 2y = 0} defined
on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4} are respectively {1, 2, 3, 4} and {2, 4, 6, 8}.
Reason : Domain and Range of a relation R are respectively the sets {a : a Î A
and (a, b) Î R} and {b : b Î A and (a, b) Î R}
x
Sol. Given R = {(x, y) : x – 2y = 0 or y = }
2
11 3 2
\ Range = 3 , 1, , 2 4
52 2 6
\ Given Assertion is false
Also given reason (R) is true {By definition of Domain and Range of Relation}
Hence option (D) is the correct answer.
9. Assertion : A function f : N ® N be defined by

2 n 11
33 2 , if n is odd
f(n) = 4 for all n Î N is one-one.
3 n , if n is even
35 2
Reason : A function f : A ® B is said to be injective if f(a) = f(b) Þ a = b.
111
Sol. For n = 1, f(1) = =1
2
2
For Let n = 2, f(2) = = 1
2

1
1
2

Þ f(1) = f(2) = 1
Þ f(x) is not one-one
Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 31

Þ Assertion is false
Also Reason (R) is true {Definition of injectivity}
Hence option (D) is the correct answer.
10. Assertion : A function f : Z ® Z defined as f(x) = x2 is injective.
Reason : A function f : A ® B is said to be injective if every element of B has a
pre-image in A.
Sol. Given f(x) = x2
here f(–1) = (–1)2 = 1; f(1) = (1)2 = 1

–1 1
1

Þ f(–1) = f(1) = 1
Þ f(x) is not one-one
\ Assertion A is false
We know that A function f(x) is said to be injective if corresponding to every
element of A, there is one and only one image.
\ Given Reason (R) is false
Hence option (E) is the correct answer.

CHAPTER-2 : INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Directions : Same as in Ch. 1.

2 13 1
1. Assertion : The principal value of sin–1 4 – 5 is – .
6 27 6
–1 –1
Reason : The principal value of sin (–x) is –sin x if x Î [–1, 1].
2 13 –1 2 13 –1 2 2 133 1
Sol. sin–1 57 – 68 4 sin 57 – sin 68 4 sin 5 sin 57 – 68 6 4 –
2 6 7 6 8 6
Here both statements are true and Statement R is the correct explanation of
statement A.
\ Option (A) is the Correct answer.
2 –1 3 1
2. Assertion (A) : The principal value of cos–1 4 is –
6 2 57 4
Reason (R) : The principal value of cos–1(–x) is p – cos–1 x if x Î [–1, 1].
2 –1 3 1 1 31
Sol. cos–1 5 4 1 – cos–1 4 1– 4
7 2 68 2 4 4
Here statement A is false and statement R is true
\ Option (D) is the correct answer.
2 31 3 1
3. Assertion (A) : The principal value of tan–1 4 tan 5 is – .
6 4 7 4
2 –1 1 3
Reason (R) : The range of tan–1 x is 4 , 5 .
6 2 27
32 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII

2 31 3 2 2 133 2 13 1
Sol. tan–1 5 tan 6 4 tan –1 5 tan 5 1 – 6 6 4 tan –1 5 – tan 6 = – and Range of tan–1 x
7 48 7 7 488 7 48 4
2 –1 1 3
is 4 , 5 .
6 2 27
Here Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is not correct explanation of
statement A.
\ Option (A) is the correct answer.
2 51 3 1
4. Assertion (A) : The principal value of cos–1 5 cos 6 4 .
7 38 3
Reason (R) : The range of cos–1 x is [0, p].
2 51 3 2 2 133 2 13
Sol. cos–1 5 cos 6 4 cos–1 5 cos 5 2 1 – 6 6 4 cos–1 5 cos 6
7 38 7 7 388 7 38
Here both statements are true
R is the correct explanation of Assertion A.
\ Option (A) is the correct answer.
5. Assertion (A) : tan–1(–x) = –tan–1 x, x Î R
Reason (R) : sec–1(–x) = p – sec–1 x, x Î R
Sol. Here statement A is true and statement R is false
as sec–1(–x) = p – sec–1 x, x Î R – (–1, 1)
\ Option (C) is the correct answer.
1 1 52 2 3
6. Assertion (A) : The value of cos 3 sec –1 3 4 4 is .
5 5 36 6 5
1
Reason (R) : Value of sec–1 x is cos–1 .
x
1 –1 1 5 2 2 1 –1 1 3 2 2 3
Sol. cos 4 sec 4 5 5 3 cos 4 cos 4 5 5 3
6 6 37 7 6 6 57 7 5
Here both statement are true and Reason R is the correct explanation of
Assertion A.
\ Option (A) is the correct answer.
1
7. Assertion (A) : The value of tan–1 3 –sec–1 (–2)is .
3
Reason (R) : If cos–1 x = y then principal value of y is 0 £ y £ p.
4 35
1
Sol. tan–1 3 – sec–1(–2) = tan–1 6 tan 7 – 3 –sec–1 2
8 39
2
1 –1 2 1 3 2 1 1 1
= – 1 4 sec 6 sec 7 5 – 4 5–
3 8 39 3 3 3
Here Assertion A is false and Reason R is true.
\ Option (D) is the correct answer.
2 131 3 1
8. Assertion (A) : The principal value of cos–1 4 cos 5 is .
6 6 7 6
51 51
Reason (R) : The principal value of tan–1 24 tan 35 is .
6 67 6
Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 33

2 131 3 –1 2 2 133 2 13 1
Sol. cos–1 6 cos 79 4 cos 68 cos 68 2 1 5 79 79 = cos 57 cos 6 68 4 6 .
–1
8 6 6

2 51 3 2 2 133 2 13 1
Reason (R) : tan–1 5 tan 6 4 tan –1 5 tan 5 1 – 6 6 = tan–1 5 – tan 6 4 – .
7 6 8 7 7 688 7 68 6
Here Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
\ Option (C) is the correct answer.
a a
9. Assertion (A) : The value of sin 13 tan –1 24 is .
5 b6 b2 – a2
1 a2 b
Reason (R) : The value of tan 3 cot –1 4 is .
5 b6 a

a2 1 a 2 a
1
Sol. sin 3 tan –1 4 5 sin 3 sin –1 4 =
6 b7 36 a 2 8 b 2 47 a 1 b2
2

1 a2 1 b2 b
Reason (R) : tan 4 cot –1 5 3 tan 4 tan –1 5 3 .
6 b7 6 a7 a
Here Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
\ Option (D) is the correct answer.
1 1 122 3
10. Assertion (A) : The value of sin–1 4 cos 4 sin –1 5 5 is .
6 6 277 3
–1
Reason (R) : The value of sin (cos x) is x.

1 1 32 3
1 1 1222 1 1 322 4
Sol. sin–1 5 cos 5 sin –1 5 6 6 6 4 sin –1 5 cos 5 6 6 = sin–1 5
7 7 7 2888 7 7 688 7 2 68 3
1 12 33 1
Reason (R) : sin–1(cos x) = sin–1 4 sin 4 – x 5 5 = – x.
6 62 77 2
Here statement A is true but statement R is not correct explanation of statement
\ Option (B) is the correct answer.

CHAPTER-3 : MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

Directions : Same as in Ch. 1.

10 1 2
1. Assertion (A) : 3 4 is an identity matrix.
51 0 6
21, if i 1 j
Reason (R) : A matrix A = [aij] is an identity matrix if aij = 3 .
5 0, if i 4 j
10 1 2
Sol. We know that, A = 3 4 is an identity matrix
51 0 6
\ Given Assertion (A) is false
We know that for identity matrix
34 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
aij = 1, if i = j and aij = 0, if i ¹ j
\ Given Reason (R) is true
Hence option (D) is the correct answer.
11 2
2. Assertion (A) : Matrix 33 5 44 is a column matrix.
35 2 46
Reason (R) : A matrix of order m × 1 is called a column matrix.
Sol. We know that order of column matrix is always m × 1

11 2
\ 3 5 4 is column matrix. Þ Assertion (A) is true
3 4
35 2 46
Also Reason (R) is true and is correct explanation of A.
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
3. Assertion (A) : Transpose of the matrix A = [2 5 –1], is column matrix.
Reason (R) : Transpose of a matrix of order m × n is a matrix of same order.
Sol. Given A = [2 5 –1]1×3

223
A¢ = 4 5 5 , which is column matrix
4 5
46–1573 1 1

\ Given Assertion (A) is true

We know that transpose of matrix of order m × n is of order n × m
\ Given Reason (R) is false
Hence option (C) is the correct answer.
10 3 22
4. Assertion (A) : Matrix 3 –3 3 –5 4 is a skew symmetric matrix.
3 4
35 –2 5 0 46
Reason (R) : A matrix A is skew symmetric if A¢ = A.
10 3 22
Sol. Let A = 3 –3 3 –5 4
3 4
53–2 5 0 46
2 0 3 2 3 1 2 0 –3 –2 3 20 3 23
A¢ = –3 3 –5 6 3 3 5 6 – 4 –3 73 –5 5
4 5 4 5
4 5 4 5 4 5
48–2 5 0 59 48 2 –5 0 59 48–2 5 0 59
\ Given Assertion (A) is false
We know that A matrix A is skew symmetric if A¢ = –A
\ Given Reason (R) is also false
\ Both A and R are false
Hence option (E) is the correct answer.
Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 35

13 2 22
5. Assertion (A) : Matrix 33 2 3 2 44 is a symmetric matrix.
53 2 2 3 46
Reason (R) : A matrix A is symmetric if A¢ = –A.
13 2 22
Sol. Let A = 33 2 3 2 44 .
35 2 2 3 46
23 2 23 1 23 2 23
4 5 4 5
A¢ = 4 2 3 2 5 6 4 2 3 2 5 = A
47 2 2 3 58 47 2 2 3 58
Þ A is a symmetric matrix
\ Given Assertion (A) is true
We know that A matrix A is symmetric if A¢ = A
Þ Given Reason is false. A is true but R is false
Hence option (C) is the correct answer.

10 2 6 2
6. Assertion (A) : Minor of element 6 in the matrix 331 2 –144 is 3.
35 2 1 3 46

Reason (R) : Minor of an element aij of a matrix is the determinant obtained by

deleting its ith row.
1 2
Sol. Minor of element 6 = M13 = = 1 – 4 = –3
2 1
\ Given Assertion (A) is false
Also we know that minor of an element aij of a matrix is the determinant
obtained by deleting its ith row and jth column.
\ Given Reason (R) is also false
\ Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false
Hence option (E) is the correct Answer.
7. Assertion (A) : For two matrices A and B of order 3, |A| = 3, |B| = –4, then
|2AB| is –96.
Reason (R) : For a matrix A of order n and a scalar k, |kA| = k n|A|.
Sol. Here, |2AB| = 23|AB| = 8|A| |B|
= 8 × 3 × –4 = –96
\ Assertion (A) is true {_ |kA| = k n|A| and |AB| = |A| |B|}
Also we know that
|kA| = k n |A| for matrix A of order n.
\ Reason (R) is true
36 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
But |AB| = |A| |B| is not mentioned in Reason R.
\ Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
Hence option (B) is the correct answer.
14 1 2 15 02
8. Assertion (A) : For a matrix A = 3 4 , A(adj A) = 3 4.
53 26 50 56
Reason (R) : For a square matrix A, A(adj A) = (adj A)A = |A|I

14 1 2 4 1
Sol. Given A = 4 5 3 |A|= =8–3=5
63 27 3 2
We know A(adj A) = (adj A)A = |A|I
11 0 2 1 5 0 2
\ A(adj A) = 5I = 5 4 534 5
60 1 7 60 5 7
\ Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and R is the correct explanation
of A.
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
1
9. Assertion (A) : For a square matrix of order 2, A–1 = adj A, so |2A| = 20.
5
Reason (R) : For a square matrix of order n,
1
A–1 = adj A and |adj A| = |A|n–1.
|A|
1
Sol. Given A–1 = adj A
5
1
We know that A–1 = adj A
|A|
\ |A| = 5
Also |2A| = 22 |A| {_ |kA| = k n|A|}
= 4 × 5 = 20
\ Given Assertion (A) is true. Also Reason (R) is true Since |kA| = k n|A| is
not mentioned in Reason
\ Reason (R) is not correct explanation of A
Hence option (B) is the correct answer.
10. Assertion (A) : A–1 exists
Reason (R) : R|A| = 0.
Sol. Given Assertion is A–1 exists
adj A
We know that A–1 =
|A|
Þ If |A| = 0, then A–1 does not exist
\ Reason |A| = 0 is not valid for given Assertion
Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 37

\ A is true but R is false

Hence option (C) is the correct answer.
12 1 0 2
11. Assertion (A) : Value of x for which the matrix 33 0 1 2 44 is singular is –5.
531 –2 x 46
Reason (R) : A matrix A is singular if |A| ¹ 0.
Sol. Given matrix A is singular
2 1 0
\ |A| = 0 Þ 0 1 2 = 0
1 –2 x
1 2 0 2
Þ 2 –1 10=0
–2 x 1 x
Þ 2(x + 4) – (0 – 2) = 0 Þ 2x + 8 + 2 = 0
Þ 2x = –10 Þ x = –5
\ Given Assertion (A) is true
Also we know that
For singular matrix A, |A| = 0
\ Given Reason is false
Hence option (C) is the correct answer.
12. Assertion (A) : adjA is a non singular matrix.
Reason (R) : A is non singular matrix.
Sol. Given Assertion adj A is non singular
Þ |adj A| ¹ 0
We know that A adj A = |A|In
Þ |A adj A| = |A|n |In|
Þ |A| |adj A| = |A|n.1
Þ |adj A| = |A|n–1
But |adj A| ¹ 0 Þ |A|n–1 ¹ 0 Þ |A| ¹ 0
Þ Matrix A is non singular Þ R is true.
\ Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
13. Assertion : |P| = O
Reason : Determinant of skew symmetric matrix is O.
Sol. Given Assertion is |P| = O Þ |P¢| = O (_ |A| = |A¢|)
Also for skew symmetric matrix A¢ = –A
\ |A¢| = det(–A) = (–1)n det A
If n is even, then |A¢| = |A|
If n is odd, then |A¢| = –|A|
Þ |A| = –|A| Þ 2|A| = 0 Þ |A| = 0
\ |A| = 0 is possible when n is odd
38 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
\ Given Reason (R) is not valid for Assertion (A)
\ Assertion is true but Reason is false
Hence option (C) is the correct answer.
14. Assertion (A) : For a matrix A = [aij]3, if det. (adj A) = 49 then det(A) = ±7.
Reason (R) : For a square matrix A of order n, |adj A| = |A|n–1.
Sol. Given det(adj A) = 49
Þ |A|2 = 49 Þ |A| = ±7
\ Given Assertion (A) is true
Also we know that
For a square matrix of order n |adj A| = An–1
\ For n = 3, |adj A| = A2
\ Given Reason is true and is valid explanation for given Assertion.
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
1
15. Assertion : If |A|2 = 25 then |A| = 1
5
Reason : |AB| = |A| |B|
Sol. Given Assertion is |A2| = 25 Þ |AA| = 25
Þ |A| |A| = 25 Þ |A|2 = 25 Þ |A| = ±5
\ Given Assertion (A) is false
Also |AB| = |A| |B| {property of determinant}.
\ Reason (R) is true.
Hence option (D) is the correct answer.
16. Assertion (A) : Value of k for which area of the triangle with vertices (1, 1),
(0, 2), (k, 0) is 3 sq. units are 4 and 8.
Reason (R) : Area of the triangle with vertices (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) is
x1 y1 1
1
x y2 1
2 2
x3 y3 1

1 1 1
1
Sol. Given : Area of triangle, D = 0 2 1 = ±3
2
k 0 1
11 2 1 0 1 0 22
Þ 41 –1 31 5 = ±3
26 0 1 k 1 k 07
Þ (2 – 0) – (0 – k) + (0 – 2k) = ±6
Þ 2 + k – 2k = ±6
Þ –k = ± 6 – 2
Þ –k = 6 – 2; –k = –6 – 2
Þ –k = 4 ; –k = –8
Þ k = –4 ; k = 8
Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 39

\ Assertion (A) is false

Also Reason (R) is true
Hence option (D) is correct answer.

CHAPTER-4 : CONTINUITY

d
1. Let f (x) be a polynomial function of degree 6 such that (f (x)) = (x – 1)3 (x – 3)2,
dx
then
Assertion (A) : f(x) has a minimum at x = 1.
d d
Reason (R) : When (f (x)) < 0, 1 x Î (a – h, a) and (f (x))> 0, 1 x
dx dx
Î (a, a + h); where ‘h’ is an infinitesimally small positive quantity, then f (x) has
a minimum at x = a, provided f(x) is continuous at x = a.
(C.B.S.E. Sample Paper 2023-24)
d
Sol. Since (f (x)) < 0 1 x Î (1 – h, 1)
dx
d
and (f(x)) > 0, 1 x Î (1, 1 + h)
dx
So f(x) has a minimum value at x = 1
Þ Assertion is true
Reason is also true and is the correct explanation.
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.

CHAPTER-5 : DIFFERENTIATION

Directions : Same as in Ch. 1.

1 2 2 13
5 x sin 6 7 , x 4 0
1. Assertion (A) : f(x) = 8 x9 is continuous at x = 0.
5 0 x 0
Reason (R) : Both h(x) = x2,

1 2 13
5sin 6 7 , x 4 0
g(x) = 8 x9 are continuous at x = 0.
5 0 x 0

1 2 2 13
5 x sin 6 7 , x 4 0
Sol. Given Assertion (A) : f(x) = 8 x9
5 0 x 0

2 13
Lt x 2 sin 4 5 = 02 × (A finite Value) = 0
x10 6 x7
Also f(0) = 0
40 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII

\ Lt f ( x ) = f(0) Þ f(x) is continuous at x = 0

x10
Also given Reason (R) : h(x) = x2, which is polynomial and hence continuous
But g(x) is not continuous as
1
Lt g( x ) = Lt sin 24 35 = Not defined
x10 x10 6 x7
(Value oscillates between –1 to 1)
\ Reason R is false
Hence option (C) is the correct answer.

CHAPTER-7 : INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

Directions : Same as in Ch. 1.

5 1 6
1. Assertion (A) : 3x dx 1
6
x 2c

xn 11
n
Reason (R) : 3x n11
dx 2
+ c.

Sol. Clearly Reason R is true

5 x5 11 x6
Also I = 3x dx 2
511
1c2
6
1c

\ Assertion A is also true and Reason R is correct explanation of A.

Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
2. Assertion (A) : 3 tan x dx 1 log|sec x | 2 c .
d
Reason (R) : 1 tan x 2 = sec2 x.
dx
sin x
Sol. Let I = 2 tan x dx 1 2 dx
cos x
Put cos x = t Þ –sin x dx = dt
dt
\ I = –1 = –log|t| + c = –log|cos x| + c
t
1
= log(|cos x|–1) + c = log = log|sec x| + c
cos x
\ Assertion A is true
d
Also (tan x) = sec2 x, which is true
dx
\ Reason R is true but not correct explanation of Assertion A.
Hence option (B) is the correct Answer.
2x 1 3
3. Assertion(A) : 2 2
dx = log|x2 + 3x + 7|+ c.
x 1 3x 1 7
Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 41

f 1( x )
Reason (R) : 2 f ( x)
dx = log|f (x)| + c.

Sol. Clearly Reason R is true

2x 1 3
Also I = 2 x 2 1 3 x 1 7 dx
f(x) = x2 + 3x + 7 Þ f ¢(x) = (2x + 3)dx
2x 1 3 f 2( x )
\I= 4 x2
1 3x 1 7
dx 3 4 f ( x)
dx

= log|f (x)| + c = log|x2 + 3x + 7| = c

Þ Assertion A is true
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.

3 (3 x – 5)4
4. Assertion (A) : 2 (3 x – 5) dx 1 12
+ c.

1
Reason (R) : 1 x dx= log|x| + c.
3
Sol. Let I = 1 (3 x – 5) dx, Put 3x – 5 = t
dt
Þ 3 dx = dt Þ dx =
3
3 dt 1 3 1 1 t4 2
\I= 8t .
3
3 8 t dt 3 4 5 + c
3 36 4 7
t4 (3 x 1 5)4
= 1c2 +c
12 12
Þ Assertion A is true
Also Reason R is true by formula
\ Both A and R are true individually
Hence Option (C) is the correct answer.

CHAPTER-8 : DEFINITE INTEGRALS

1 1/2
1. Assertion (A) : 3 sin 7 x dx 2 2 3 sin 7 x dx
0 0
Reason (R) : sin7 x is an odd function.
Sol. Let f(x) = sin7 x
f(–x)= sin7 (–x) = (sin (–x))7 = (–sin x)7 = –sin7 x = –f(x)
\ f(x) is odd function.
Þ Reason R is true.
1 1/2
Also 3 sin 7 ( x )dx 2 2 3 sin 7 x dx is true according to graph
0 0
42 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII

f(x)= sin x

π X
X′ O π
2

Y′
\ Assertion A is also true.
But Reason R is not correct explanation of A.
Hence option (B) is the correct answer.
8
10 – x
2. Assertion (A) : 2 x 1 10 – x
dx = 3
2
b b
Reason (R) : 3 f ( x ) 1 dx 1 3 f (a 2 b – x ) dx . (C.B.S.E. 2023)
a a
8
10 – (2 1 8 – x )
Sol. I = 2 2 1 8 – x 1 10 – (2 1 8 – x )
dx
2
8
x
= 2 10 – x 1 x
dx
2
8 8
10 – x 1 x
\2I= 3 dx 2 3 1 dx 2 [ x ]82 = 8 – 2 = 6
2
10 – x 1 x 2
Þ I = 3 \ Assertion A is true.
Also Reason is general rule of definite integral and indirectly used in Assertion A
\ Option (C) is the correct Answer.

CHAPTER-9 : DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Directions : Same as in Ch. 1.

4
1 dy 2 d2y
1. Assertion : The order of 4 5 3 3 y 2 = 0 is 4.
6 dx 7 dx
Reason : The order of a differential equation is the order of highest order
derivative in the equation.
Sol. Here Assertion A is false and Reason is true
\ Correct answer is (D).
2 3/2
d2y 31 4 dy 5 32
2. Assertion : The degree of differential equation 5 6 81 7 9 is 2.
dx 2 3 dx 3

Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 43

Reason : The degree of differential equation is the exponent of highest order

derivative in the equation.
2 3/2
d2y 13 4 dy 5 23
Sol. 5 6 81 7 9
dx 2 3 dx 3

2 3
1 d2y2 13 4 dy 5 2 23
Þ 25 3 2 4 = 71 6 9 8
5 dx 6 3 dx 3

So, degree is 2
Here both statements are true and R is correct explanation of A
\ Correct answer is (A).
3. Assertion : The order of equation y¢¢ + 3y¢ = (y¢¢¢) 2 is 3.
Reason : The degree of differential equation is the degree of highest orders
derivative.
Sol. Here both Statement are true and R is not correct explanation of A
\ Correct answer is (B).
dy x3
4. Assertion : The solution of 1 x 2 is y 1 + c.
dx 3
dy
Reason : The solution of = y is y = log x + c.
dx
dy
Sol. = x2
dx
2
Þ 1 dy = 1 x dx + c

x3
Þ y= +c
3
dy dy
dx
=y Þ 1 y
= 1 dx +c

Þ log y = x + c
Here Statement A is true and R is false
\ Correct answer is (C).
5. Assertion : The solution of (x2 + 1)dy = x dx is y = log|x2 + 1| + c.

dy dy
Reason : The solution of f(x)dy = g(y)dx is 2 g( y ) 1 2 f ( x ) + c.

Sol. (x 2 + 1)dy = x dx
x 1 2
Þ 4 dy 1 4 x 2 3 1 dx 2 y 1 2 log| x 3 1| 3 c

Here statement A is false and R is true

\ Correct answer is (B).
44 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
CHAPTER-10 : VECTORS

Directions : Same as in Ch. 1.

1 1 1 1 1 1
1. Assertion (A) : Vector i 2 j 2 k is perpendicular to vector i 2 2 j 3 k .
Reason (R) : Two non zero vectors perpendicular if their dot product is equal to
zero.
1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
Sol. Let A 3 i 4 j 4 k and B 3 i 4 2 j 5 k
1 1
we know that, If vector A 2 B then
1 1 1 1 1 1
A. B = |A||B| cos q = |A||B| cos 90° = 0
\ Reason R is true
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Also A. B = ( i 2 j 2 k ).( i 3 2 j 2 k )
= 1 × 1 + 1 × (–2) + 1 × 1
=1–2+1=0
\ Assertion A is true.
\ Both A and R are correct and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion A.
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
2. Assertion (A) : Points A, B, C are collinear
12 12
Reason (R) : AB 3 AC = 0
Sol. A C
B
Given points A, B, C are collinear.
12 12
\ AB and AC are parallel
Also can know that cross product of two parallel vector is zero vector.
12 12
\ AB × AC = 0 (which is Reason)
\ Both Assertion A and Reason R are true.
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
1 2 2 1 2 2
3. Assertion (A) : Let a 3 i 4 j and b 3 j – k be two vectors. Angles between
1 1 1 1
a 2 b and a – b is 90º.
1 1 1 1
Reason (R). Projection of a 2 b on a – b is zero
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sol. Here ( a 2 b )·( a – b ) = | a |2 – a · b 2 b · a –| b |2
1 1 1 1 1 1
= | a |2 – | b |2 = | i + j|2 – | j – k|2

= ( (1)2 1 (1)2 ) – ( (1)2 1 (–1)2 )

=2–2=0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Þ ( a 2 b )·( a – b ) = 0 Þ ( a 2 b ) 3 ( a – b )
Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 45
Þ Assertion A is true
1 1
a·b 1 1
Also Projection of a on b 2 1
|b|
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 ( a 2 b )·( a – b )
\ Projection of ( a 2 b ) on ( a – b ) 3
1 1
|a – b|
0
= = 0 Þ Reason is ‘R’ also true.
1 1
|a–b|
Hence option (B) is the correct answer.
1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
4. Assertion (A) : a 3 i 4 p j 4 2 k and b 3 2 i 4 3 j 4 2 k are parallel vectors if
3
p = , q = 4.
2
1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
Reason (A) : If a 3 a1 i 4 a2 j 4 a3 k and b 3 b1 i 4 b2 j 4 b3 k parallel then
a1 a2 a3
1 1
b1 b2 b3
1 1 1 1
Sol. We know that if a ||b then a 2 b = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
\ ( i 2 p j 2 2 k ) 3 (2 i 2 3 j 2 q k ) = 0
1 1 1
i j k
Þ 1 p 2 =0
2 3 q
1 1 1
Þ i ( pq 2 6) 2 j (q 2 4) 3 k (3 2 2 p ) = 0
Þ pq – 6 = 0, q – 4 = 0 and 3 – 2p = 0
Þ pq = 6, q = 4 and 2p = 3
3
Þp= and q = 4
2
\ Assertion ‘A’ is true.
Also we know that for system of two equation
a1 a2 a3
a1x + a2y + a3z = d and b1x + b2y + b3z = d2 to be parallel 1 1
b1 b2 b3
Þ Reason R is also true and is correct explanation of Assertion A.
Hence option (A) is the correct option.
12 1
2 1
2
5. Assertion (A) : PQ 3 ( RS 4 ST) = 0
12 12 2 12 12 2
Reason (R) : PQ 3 RS 4 0 and PQ 3 ST 4 0
Sol. Assertion (A) is true.
12 12 12
\ PQ 3 ( RS 4 ST ) ¹ 0
46 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
12 12 12 12
Þ PQ 3 ( RS 4 PQ 3 ST ¹ 0
12 12 12 12
Þ Either PQ 3 RS = 0 (OR) PQ 3 RS ¹ 0
12 12 12 12
and PQ 3 RS ¹ 0 (OR) PQ 3 ST ¹ 0
12 12 12 12
\ But Reason is given only PQ 3 RS = 0 and PQ 3 RS ¹ 0 (which is incomplete)
\ Assertion is true but Reason is false
Hence option (C) is the correct answer.
1 1 1 1
6. Assertion (A) : | a| 2 | b| does not simply that | a| 2 | b|
1 1 1 1
Reason (R) : If a 2 b then | a| 2 | b|
1 2 2 1 2 2
Sol. Let a 3 i 4 j , b 3 j 4 k
1 1
Here a 2 (1)2 3 (1)2 2 2 and b 2 (1)2 3 (1)2 2 2
1 1 1 1
\ | a| 2 | b| but a 2 b
\ Assertion ‘A’ is true.
1 2 2 2 1
Also Let a 3 i 4 j 4 k 3 b
1
\ | a| 2 (1)2 3 (1)2 3 (1)2 2 3,
1 1 1
| b| 2 (1)2 3 (1)2 3 (1)2 2 3 \ | a| 2 | b|
\ Reason R is also true but it is not the correct explanation of Assertion ‘A’.
Hence option (B) is the correct answer.
7. Assertion (A) : The dot product of one vector will another vector may be sealer
or a vector.
Reason (R) : If the product of two vectors is a vector quantity, then product is
called a dot product.
Sol. We know that Force × Displacement = Work Done
and is sealer
1 1
i.e. F . S = W(Scalar)
1 1
\ A. B = Scalar quantity
\ Assertion A is false
Also Reason R is false because product of two vector quantity is always vector
quantity.
\ both A and R are false.
Hence option (E) is the correct answer.
1 1 1 1
8. Assertion (A) : If a and b are reciprocal vector then a . b = 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
Reason (R). If a = b , lÎR+ and | a || b | = 1 then a and b are reciprocal.
Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 47
1 1 1 1
Sol. Here Reason R is true as vector a and b are parallel and | a || b | = 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
Also if a and b are reciprocal then a = l b and | a | | b | = 1
1 1 1 1
Now a . b = | a || b | cos q
1 1 1 1
But a = l b Þ a || b Þ q = 0°
1 1 1 1
\ a . b = | a || b |
1 1
Also | a || b | = 1
1 1
\ a . b = 1 Þ Assertion A is true.
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
1 1 1
9. Assertion (A) : Three points with position vectors a , b , c are collinear of
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a 2 b 3 b 2 c 3 c 2 a 4 0.
12 12
Reason (R). Three points A, B, C are collinear if AB 3 4 BC , where l is realar
quantity.
1 1 1
Sol. Let position vectors of point A, B, C be a , b and c respectively
12 12
Given AB = 3 BC
12 12 1 1 1 1
Þ AB 3 BC = 0 Þ ( b – a ) 2 ( c – b ) = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Þ a 2 b –a 2 c–b2 b 3 b 2 c =0
1 1 1 1 1 1
Þ a 2 b 3 c 2 a –0 3 b 2 c = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
Þ a 2 b 3 b 2 c 3 c 2 a =0
1 1 1
Hence point a , b , c are collinear
\ Assertion ‘A’ and Reason ‘R’ are true and R is correct explanation of A
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
10. Assertion (A) : The direction of a zero (Null) vector is indeterminatic.
1 1 1 1 1 1
Reason (R). We can have A 2 B 3 A· B will A 2 B .
1 1 1 1
Sol. Clearly A 2 B ¹ A· B
\ Reason R is false
Also direction of Null Vector is not determined
\ Assertion A is true but Reasons R is false
Hence option (C) is the correct Answers.
11. Assertion (A) : A vector quantity is a quantity that has both magnitude and a
direction and obeys the triangle law of addition.
Reason (R) : The magnitude of the resultant vector of two given vectors can
never be less than the magnitude of any of the given vector.
Sol. Vector Assertion A is correct but reason R is not correct because resultant ‘R’ of
1 1
two vectors A and B is R = A 2 B .
48 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
\ R £ any of two vector.
Hence A is true, R is false.
Hence option (C) is the correct answer.

CHAPTER-11 : THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

Directions : Same as in Ch. 1.

1. Assertion : The equation of a line passing through (2, –1, 3) and parallel to
1 1 1 x–2 y 1 1 z–3
2 i 2 3 j – k is 2 2 .
2 3 –1
Reason : The equation of a line passing through (x1, y1, z1) and parallel to
1 1 1 x–a y–b z – c
a i 2 b j 2 c k is 1 1 .
x1 y1 z1
Sol. Here Assertion A is true but R is false
Hence, option (C) is the correct answer.
2x 1 1 y –1 z 1 1
2. Assertion : The direction ratios of a line 2 2 are <4, 2, 3>.
4 2 3
x – x1 y – y1 z – z1
Reason : The direction ratios of a line 1 1 are <a, b, c>.
a b c
2x 1 1 y –1 z 1 1
Sol. = 2
4 2 3
1
x1
Þ 2 = y –1 2 z 1 1
2 2 3
So d.r. are <2, 2, 3>
Here Assertion A is false and R is true
\ Correct answer is (D).
x –1 y – 2 z 1 3 x 1 1 y 1 2 z –1
3. Assertion : If the line 2 2 and 2 2 are at
–3 p 5 2 –4 4
7
right angle then p = .
2
x – x1 y – y1 z – z1 x – x2 y – y2 z – z2
Reason : If the line 1 1 and 1 1 are
a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c2
perpendicular
if a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0.
Sol. Given lines are perpendicular
So, –3 × 2 + p(–4) + 5 × 4 = 0
7
–6 – 4p + 20 = 0 Þ 4p = 14 Þ p =
2
Here both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
\ Correct answer is (A).
Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 49
4. Assertion : The angle between lines
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
r 3 (2 i 4 j – 3 k ) 4 5(2 i 4 7 j – 3 k ) and
1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
r 4 ( i – 2 j 5 7 k ) 5 6(– i 5 2 j 5 4 k ) is .
2
Reason : The angle between lines
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
r 3 ( x1 i 4 y j 4 z k ) 4 5(a1 i 4 b1 j 4 c1 k )
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
and r 3 ( x2 i 4 y2 j 4 z2 k ) 4 5( a2 i 4 b2 j 4 c2 k )
a1a2 1 b1b2 1 c1c2
is sin q =
a12 1 b12 1 c12 1 a22 1 b22 1 c22
2(–1) 1 7 2 2 1 (–3) 2 4
Sol. cos q = =0
2 1 7 2 1 (–3)2 (–1)2 1 2 2 1 4 2
2

1
Þ q=
2
Here statement A is true but R is false
\ Correct answer is (C).
1
5. Assertion : The angle between diagonals of a cube is cos–1 .
3
Reason : The equation of a line passing through (1, 0, 4) and parallel to
1 1 1 x 11 y z–4
4 i 2 j –3 k is 2 2 .
4 1 –3
Sol. Here both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
\ Correct answer is (B).
1 2 2 2 2 2
6. Assertion (A) : The acute angle between the line r 3 i 4 j 4 2 k 4 5 ( i – j )
1
and the x-axis is .
4
Reason (R) : The acute angle q between the lines
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
r 3 x1 i 4 y1 j 4 z1 k 4 5( a1 i 4 b1 j 4 c1 k ) and
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
r 3 x2 i 4 y2 j 4 z2 k 4 5 ( a2 i 4 b2 j 4 c2 k ) is given by cos q =
| a1a2 1 b1b2 1 c1c2 |
. (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper 2022-23)
a12 1 b12 1 c12 a22 1 b22 1 c22
Sol. Given line is
1 2 2 2 2 2 x –1 y –1 z – 2
r 3 ( i 4 j 4 2 p ) 4 5 ( i – j ) i.e., 3 3 =l
1 –1 0
Also equation of x-axis is
1 2 x–0 y–0 z–0
r 3 4 i i.e., 3 3 =l
1 0 0
50 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
We know that angle between lines
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
r 3 ( x1 i 4 y1 j 4 z1 k ) 4 5( a1 i 4 b1 j 4 c1 k )
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
and r 3 ( x2 i 4 y2 j 4 z2 k ) 4 5( a2 i 4 b2 j 4 c2 k ) is given by cos q =
| a1a2 1 b1b2 1 c1 c2 |
a12 1 b12 1 c12 a22 1 b22 1 c22
\ Required angle is given as cos q
||x|+ (–1) × 0 + 0 × 0|
=
(1) 1 (–1)2 1 (0)2 (1)2 1 (0)2 1 (0)2
2

1 1 1 1
= 2 3 cos 4 2 342
2 1 2 2 4
\ Assertion A is true, Reason R is true and ‘R’ is correct explanation of A .
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
7. Assertion (A) : Equation of a line passing through the points (1, 2, 3) and (3, –
x 1 3 y 21 z 1 3
1, 3) is 3 3 .
2 3 0
Reason (R) : Equation of a line passing through points (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2)
x 1 x1 y 1 y1 z 1 z1
is given by 2 2 . (C.B.S.E. 2023)
x2 1 x1 y2 1 y1 z2 1 z1
Sol. Assertion (A) : Equation of the base passing through (1, 2, 3) and (3, –1, 3) is
x 1 3 y 21 z 1 3
3 3
11 3 2 21 3 1 3
x 1 3 y 11 z 2 9
Þ = 3 \ Assertion A is false
12 3 0
Reason (R) : It is true.
Hence option (D) is the correct answer.

CHAPTER-13 : PROBABILITY

Directions : Same as in Ch. 1.

1 1 1 1 A2 3
1. Assertion : If P(A) = , P(B) = and P(A Ç B) = then P 46 57 3 .
2 3 4 B 4
Reason : If A Î B are independent events then P(A Ç B) = P(A)·P(B).
1
P(A 1 B) 4 3
Sol. P(A/B) = 2 2
P(B) 1 4
3
Here both Statements are true but R is not correct explanation of A
\ Correct answer is (B)
Chapterwise Assertion – Reason Type Questions 51

1
2. Assertion : If A È B are mutually exclusive events such that P(A) = , P(B)
2
1 3
= then P(A È B) = .
4 4
Reason : If A, B are mutually exclusive events then P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) –
P(A Ç B).
Sol. If A, B are mutually exclusive events then
P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B)
1 1 3
= 1 2
2 4 4
Here Statement A is true and R is false
\ correct answer is (C)
3
3. Assertion : The Probability of a student A passing the exam is and of student
5
4 12
B is then the probability of both students passing is .
5 25
Reason : If A and B are independent events then P(A Ç B) = P(A)·P(B).
3 4 12
Sol. P(Both passing the exam) = P(A Ç B) = P(A)·P(B) = 1 2
5 5 25
Here both statements are true and R is correct explanation of A
\ correct answer is (A).
4. Assertion : For two independent event A and B such that P(A) = 0·3, P(B) =
0·5 then P(A Ç B) = 0·8.
Reason : If A Î B are independent events then
P(A Ç B) = P(A)·P(B)
Sol. For two independent events A and B
P(A Ç B) = P(A)·P(B)
= 0·3 × 0·5 = 0·15
Here Statement A is false but R is true
\ correct answer is (D).
5. Assertion : If E Î F are events such that P(E) = 0·6, P(F) = 0·3, P(E Ç F) =
1 E2
0·2 then P 3 4 = 0·67.
5 F6

1 B2
Reason : For two events A Î B, P(A Ç B) = P(A)·P 3 4
5 A6

1 E2 P(E 1 F) 0·2
Sol. A : P 3 4 = 2 = 0·67
5 F6 P(F) 0·3
Here both statements are true and R is correct explanation of (A)
\ correct answer is (A).
52 JMD Short Cut to Sure Success in Mathematics XII
6. Assertion : Two coins are tossed once then the probability of getting tail on one
1
coin given that one coin shows dead is .
2
Reason : If A Î B are mutually exclusive events then P(A È B) = P(A) +
P(B).
Sol. E : Probability of getting tail on one coin = {TH, HT}
F : Probability of getting head on one coin = {TH, HT}
E Ç F = {TH, HT}
2 1 2 1 1
\ P(E) = 1 ,P(F) = 1 , P(E 2 F) 1
4 2 4 2 2
P(E 1 F) 1/2
Now P(E/F) = 2 =1
P(F) 1/2
Here Statement A is false but R is true
\ correct answer in (D).
5 1 A2 2 2
7. Assertion : If 2P(A) = P(B) = , P 3 4 = then P(A Ç B) = .
13 5 B 6 5 13
Reason : For two events A Î B, P(A Ç B) = P(A)·P(B)
5 5 5 1 A2 2
Sol. A : P(A) = 3 , P(B) = , P 4 5 3
13 × 2 26 13 6 B 7 5
1 A2 5 2 2
\ P(A Ç B) = P(B)· P 3 4 = 1 2
5 B6 13 5 13
Here statement A is true but R is false
\ correct answer is (C).
8. Assertion : If A Î B are independents events then P(A Ç B) = P(A)·P(B).
Reason : If A Î B are mutually exclusive events then P(A È B) = P(A) +
P(B).
Sol. Here statement A is false and R is true
\ correct answer is (D).
9. Assertion (A) : Two coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting
1
two heads, if it is known that at least one head comes up, is .
3
Reason (R) : Let E and F be two events with a random experiment, then P(F/E)
P(E 1 F)
= . (C.B.S.E. 2023)
P(E)
Sol. Here Assertion ‘A’ is true because required parabability
1/ 4 1
= 1 . Also, Reason ‘R’ is true and is the correct explanation of
3/ 4 3
Assertion A.
Hence option (A) is the correct answer.

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