@ wan eget inatmctions, devigned Anchitectute— MES WP ia 0 progeammanie gis) devi $4 ia deaigned FF and timing cintubs - 44 han a et of ( \G miip—tlop’s internally 40 manipnlaie dele & communicate With peripheral communication 18 procead of data manipulation & _Anchitectres The determined by logic detign oF MP, Pal tscionaapestoenrt called architectine auited in op genena) _crtegonita tan ¥ (1) mp — initiated op’ (2) Jntemnal of’ and (3) Pemipheral op’n $086 Antennal Anchitectume® 2 - Antennaliy divided into 0% aoparate functional units (yy piu (Bua amiertare Orit? (a) eu. ( Exocation nit) Cy) Bus FUNCTIONS: Ene FUNCTIONS ao (y BI dona ort addnou - (3) Fetchea instruction from memony (5) 4 imectarer gos6 to ootide word s i (4) Read data ‘from memony & ports . and (5) 4 handle call “transfer oF dety (yan executes inateattion that have almendy ‘been fotcled by BI ’ (2) Eu tell BIDMRL fu func ipernity _ SSE Ft ine __indepeelta Flog _fagivtens A flag megisten iA a FF Uhich indicator ome Condition produced by the execution of an instnaction OF Contmal4 cerctain op’n of the EU. 16 bit flog registers contains 09 active Flags - 06 flags one wed 4o inditate Acme Condition produced by an instuckon - 06 Conditiona) flags ames( Coney Fla CFS 4_Flog_ (co ft det, if an anithmetic of’ menu in a Carey. othenwixe 4 iA Meet (2) Parity Flog (eg 4+ ia Act vp the meautt has even parity: st Zoxg fon odd parity. af the remit bar CR mo. of 4,14 adh gthenwie it iA moked axithmetic inetuactiony 3) 3 Auritiony carey Flag (AP Waed by BD 4n an anithmehe op'n, hen a Canny 1 geeraed by Sst 30 paued 49 digit +, the AF flag iA 4et zp isnet(y) if omalt iA ond, 44 iA 2eK0(0) for nonzero meault of the metult iA 44 ia ze if mot aignificant 4 (3) _Sign hg (38%. A (negative) » Cleared 4o Zena, ur nonnegative real 4t is ae, IF fore i On asthma overt hw (6) Overflow fag (068 4 to allow on prohibit the jmbeweuption of + Anieoeart ease? ie & progeam = 4f T=4, INTR PIN iA enable = gf 229 rare Fin ia dale. 4t aelect either inenement On decrement mode yy _Dinection fia ie during Atning —inatnuctions 4p D=L megiten curtomatiially decrement + 4 —4F p=y 1 " inne mented .% Goveral tune _tegh'0*— = EV har 08 general panpoie negintees - (an (pac m on . we (iy BH Ju wy 2 ox. a ciy086 dnternas block _diagiam Wemory IHTE! Bi IMs. ' ereucr io STR Wyre! po site, Sf ‘ ' 1 ' ConTROL ' system}, | ' { ' 'oa Gonorar — Paxpoie — Regintant ) SY) Ax fagirers yg. Spe 1A $b accumalaton while AL Regier Accumulator < 4 jd tured Tore inetnuctiona Auch as —— ' TMmoHiplication, — division and some of the adjurlment wnctructions (iy)_Bt Raj Base Regiaten , only general purr pore neguten Whore contents Can be Wed for addreding” 9086 memory . St AOMetimes hold The offiet dared oF 6 location in memory Aystem in all Version of the np (iii, _cx Regintens Counter megitten » SWARUCHON Auch a4 SHIFT RevATE £ Loop wie the contents of (x on 0 Counter - Exarprer Loop star, automatically decreinent (x by} withoa} ee ‘ affecting Ftagh & will check if [exdeo'. 4 it 14 Zero Basa @xecuter — nett —inatruch’on “otherusiney.8086 branches 4 the labe) START - (i Dr gett (Ome eget) Syed to fold high 16- result (gets) in 6X 16 multiplication or; igh \e-bit dividenadl Beton q: ae/is iviion” ¢ -UIt emeinen after sinpion Va nteaptaal% Two position Registers _ i i Ci7 _sp_ (stack _Primtoge 44 addrensen OM tea, of memory called Hack - The Hack memory Alter data through thid pointer - 94's : Coment) are automatialty updated due 40 exECUHiOn oF PUSH on FOF, Ci? ELE 4+ points to a memory location in all at contains Versions OF thE ricroprocevon for Memony data transfert Qn offer —addness in the cunmen+ sq - “ThiA offset (4 Med by instructions WHiTizing based addressing Mode - — Wied to acces dite inthe tack segment (iy sx_(Sounce_trdey $4 addrener source arring deta for the Adring instructions - (ij) = _(Bertinaton wdc? — gt ovtneuer Ang dettination dats Fore the ating intractions - indexed atinonsing . Wi anit, a OS gh «die Hhiigiin ae =i is(9) (pos operating Aystem equine HP to ¥ Reat Made! Memony Adee sting, operate jn neal mode) meal MeMony the 4st IMB of memory Apice — Real ‘ode op’n allows MP +o addnen onk A Combination of Aegmnont adden & an offiet address, gccets & Memory Jocation jn the eat mode = Al! mea) Thode Yrermony, addmels murt Comiate OF 4 Aegment address plua an offiet adden Real made memony W Segment Addie: eee rrr BE ia Vocated within one oF the — Aegment regitton, defines the beginning ae cftiet = Fone Segment Regia fen adinon of ony OOP {000 memory Aegimert ~ 0000. | {i The Meal mode Memory an = addnesing —Acheme, Using ay selects ang location segment § adda play within gee nemeny beehon ay offanyExamples RON BL Find the tmetorty —addrroned oF the next inriuchy, Grecuted by MP, when operated in the mea thede” fon the fling, (Se rp Combinations ¢ Cs=Hs6H and P= ABCDH - 7 lS Were, ($= 3456 H and TP =ABCD H MP fetches IFA next = inatruction from — ynernony Jocrhon 34560H + ABCDH [3FIRDH. , OP ie ey Gate oP logy: “MP fetches 44 nett ineucton from mening ffs Sah eA halts ne ihe is. SaucblOtCHION, 2 5 ae ”01 \e-bit segment wagintend ¢ (1) Code Segment” (cs) (ay Date “segnens (og) (3 Stack Segment (ss) and (4) Eira Segment (es ) (\) C8 44 th a abetion oF memory thet holds he code ted by the NP The code Aegmnent frogistert defines the Atorting addeen of the Aection oF Memory holding code» An real mode operation, iH defines ‘the stat of « GAK- byte —_Aection of memory, in protected mode, H Jelect a descriptor that - deicwiber the Atareting adénest and length oF @ Aection of menor holding code - (2) bss, 4+ iA 0 dection of memong that tontaind mort deta ed by 4 PRogeam> Data ane —acresied in the dae Aegment by an offiet addrew On the Contents oF other megaden that Inld the offset adden ~ (y Ss8 $+ defines — the ameq of memory Wed for 4intk - The Biack enh point determined by SS and " Atmek pointer negirteas- BP rregitten he add rre.i4e - within the AUR Aegnont . @ Es tito saaehlon an seg meet heb iA wed by dome of the — Aiming —inetractions — +o hold dortinetion date +@® ¥ Tee ( Insttuction Pointer) Code segment register defines the stack OF the Code segment and rp locates the net instruction — (githin. the Code segment - The combination oF (¢stt4) locates the net —inetnuction efecuted by Np . The value Consine! m IP iA mefered +o a4 an offset es B+ [s 0 <— HARPWIRED zeEgo oy Tee PHYSICAL Aprey [3| 3 JA Way of representing 0 20-bit Physical address ea vy Segment bave : offaet form Meche (trevioun example Quertion a HOTS 4n neal yode,- yhow =Aturcting & Ending addres, OF Gach Aegment Jocated by Telowing segment register Value: (4) J0o0H, (b) Ian, (ey aa00Hh Cd) coo Ga (6) haven® =* _Quirtion_ SS eA kiny What — ae progmam visible Regittent Ana Progamming of ynodel of 8086 +thnough~ py iA = Considered 0 be Progam Visible boca ye i44 negittena ane wed duming pplication — programming g Apertfie d by instructions. Five progam visible negistend ane’ Cay AX (Accumudaton) Re ginten (iy BY (Bere inaeny 14 (tid OF (Count iT GV DY (oa) 5 and (Wy SP. (suck einttry qe: What ane the pucpore of 37, gegixtir * = i i chien Anu The Code Aogmnent ja alwaga wed 4 yeh Hine inate : pointer tp fo addners the york incnaction in a progam “TP fototes the vert snetauttion within the ° CS 44 Write down the ne ee Default bit degment ave of vet combiwatinn SS sree We Se ta w 6S iP Spat eye ion addon" Gy ee SP on OP Gack addmess ame (iti) BS ee nD au (iy eS > te i ESE aerting itr. Sip Destination * Adderse -BE (a) Seq ment Stacting Ending __ Regi rer J Adcieen Added (a) 1000 H to000H IFFEFH () . 134 12340H Q233F (yu 2300 H Ww 23000H Q2FrF OH £000 # ar EFFFF OH ana (e) “neo” H AB 00H BA FFF H ais : ———— (cat cutaton We Fe A 68000 AR RREF BAFFF. 1 12340 H dieect Id FFFF T act ) 2233 F L No prcablem