2.

Physical features of India

2. Physical features of India
- Major Physiographic Divisions
s
-

-
1.The Himalayan mountain
~
2. z
The Northern plains
-
3.The peninsular plateau
4.The Indian Desert
- -
-

-
-

6.The Island -
5.The Coastel Plains

-
 The Himalayan Mountain

“The abode or house of snow”

-

Hima- snow and Alaya abode or house

-
-
 -
7 Geologically young

> Structurally fold

-
mountains stretch
over the northern borders of India.
-

S These mountain ranges run in a west-

east direction from the Indus to the
..

Brahmaputra.
SThe loftiest and one of the most rugged
mountain barriers of the world.

They form an arc

Y-
A
>It covers a distance of about 2,400 Km.
-

Their width varies from 400 Km in Kashmir to 150

Km in Arunachal Pradesh
 The Himalayan Mountains

L Y

--
Longitudinal divisions On the basis of regions
 Longitudinal divisions
Three Parallel ranges of the Himalayan

--

-oo
The Himadri The Himachal The Shiwaliks
 The Himadri
N
-
-
-
-

* The northern
-
·
most range
-
-

#
[ -
The Great Himalayas

Inner Himalayas
S
#

#
Average height of 6,000 metres
> It is the most continuous range
-

consisting of the loftiest peaks.

>
-
It contains all prominent
-

Himalayan Peaks
 The folds of the Great Himalayas are
Y
asymmetrical in nature.

The core of this part of Himalayas is

Y
composed of granite

Y It is perennially snow bound and a

number of glaciers descend from this
range
 The Himachal

-
Lesser Himalayas

Himadai
-n

Himachant

The south of the Himadri

· The most rugged mountain system

⑱ The ranges are mainly composed of

highly compressed and altered rocks.

⑳ The altitude varies between 3,700 and

4,500 metres Ske

D
The average width is of 50 Km.
* This range consists of the famous valley
of Kashmir,
* The Kangra and Kullu valley in Himachal
Pradesh.
-
 The Shiwaliks

* The outer most range of the

Himalayas -

# They extended over a width of10-50

Km

# Altitude varying between D

900 and
1100 metres
>
-
These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments

> These valleys are covered with thick gravel and alluvium
 The Himalayan Mountain

Longitudinal Divisions On the basis of regions

j

-
 On the basis of Regions
⑪

--o
Kumaon
Punjab Himalayas Himachal Himalayas
Himalayas
O

-
&
Nepal Himalayas Purvana
-

Himalayas

- Assam Himalayas
I
 Purvachal Himalayas
The eastern hills and mountains

The Brahmaputra marks the eastern most boundary of the Himalayas

Beyond the Dilhang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply to

the south and spread along the eastern boundary of
*
India.

A section of the Brahmaputra river where it cuts through the

*
Himalayas (in china), in which the river flows in a deep gorge
These hills running through the north-eastern states.

They are mostly composed of strong sandstones, which are

sedimentary rocks.

They covered with dense forests. They mostly run as parallel ranges and valleys.

The patkai hills,The Naga hills ,TheManipur hill s and The Mizo hills
The Northern Plain
-
 -

umage

No
20
The Indus , Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their
tributaries

This plain is formed of alluvial soil

It spreads over an area of 7 lakh square
km

The plain being about 2400 km long and

240 to 320 km broad

-
It’s a densely populated physiographic
division.
Adequate water supply

A rich soil cover

It is agriculturally a productive part of India

 Northern plain

V V

-a
Three sections
Relief features
&
 Broadly divided in to 3 Sections

Y V Y

- ⑤
IBrahmaputra plain
Ganga plain
M
Punjab
plain
 Punjab plains

The western part of the northern plain is

called the Brahmaputra plains.

It is formed by the river Indus and its

-

tributaries
 Ganga Plain
It extends between Ghaggar and Teesta rivers.

It is spread over the states of North India

Delhi, Haryana Bihar and parts of Jharkhand and

west Bengal
 Brahmaputra plains
They cover the areas of -
Assam and Arunachal
Pradesh
 According to the variation in relief features

w
V-v

D Terai
OD Khadar
-

Bhabar Bhangar
 The Peninsular Plateau

L D
Central Highland. Deccan Plateau
 ·

image)
Central Highlands

They lie to the north of the Narmada river.

They are bounded by the Aravalli mountains , Vindhya range 8Malwa and Chota
Nagpur plateau

The Chota Nagpur plateau marks its east towards extension

It’s slope is from west to east

 -
The Deccan plateau

I
It is a triangular landmass.
-

They lie to the south of the Narmada river

They are bounded the eastern ghats and the

western ghats

The saturation range flanks its broad base in

north
The Deccan plateau

It is a triangular landmass.

They lie to the south of the Narmada river

They are bounded the eastern ghats and the

western ghats

The saturation range flanks its broad base in

north
Western ghats Eastern ghats
Western edges of the Deccan plateau

Western ghats lie parallel to the

D Eastern edge of the plateau

western coast. Their average elevation-600

They are continuous

The eastern ghats stretch from the
It can be crossed through passes only. Mahanadi valley to the Nilgiris in the
south
Their average elevation is 900- 1600

·
-
metres The eastern ghats are discontinued
and irregular and dissected by rivers
The western ghats are higher than the
eastern ghats.
draining into the Bay of Bengal.

-
 Deserts
Deserts
It lies towards the western margins of
the Aravalli hills.

This region receives very low rainfall

150 mm per year

It has arid climate with-

low vegetation
cover

Streams appear during the rainy

season.
Western coastal plain
Eastern coastal plains
The
- northern part of the
In the northern part, it is referred
-
>
coast is called the&Konkan
to as the Northern Circar,
(Mumbai – Goa) -

while the southern part is known

the central stretch is called
as the Coromandel Coast.
&
the Kannad Plain -

while the southern stretch is &

Lake Chilika is an important
feature along the eastern coast.
referred to as the&
Malabar
coast.
 Lakshadweep

> This ground of island is composed of small

coral islands.

Earlier they were known as &

laccadive,
2
>

S
Minicoy
- and Amindive.

>
-

-
Kavaratti island the administrative
headquarters
-

i
·
Andaman and Nicobar island Andaman
do
&
The elongated chain of islands - &

~
Located in the Bay of Bengal extending from north to south
-
Nicobar

They are bigger in size and are more numerous and scattered.

The entire group of islands is divided into two broad categories-

The Andaman in the north and The Nicobar in south

The Deccan plateau

It is a triangular landmass.

They lie to the south of the Narmada river

They are bounded the eastern ghats and the

western ghats

The saturation range flanks its broad base in

north