DECIMALS

6 CONCEPTION

statement and solve and show your working in the space given
Readthe

5 3.3 2.8
8.5 2.6

33
26
5.3 2.2
1.9 6.3
4.3

22
10
2.0 1.98 5.2
8.9 4.9

S2
loo
4.6 4.1 2.7
6.2 3.8

62 38
4.5 3.2
7.4 6.2 1.5

62

MATH 97

EnIGvelopedta
 28|.2k COLLABORATION
Collaborate withpeers &facilitator to recordyour learning &observations
Decima
The oun6er hch kas wkofe nubr
a0d Srac teo0al part
36,7
wholeao deci o2|
2'3-723

767-7 767

8.|36- 8l36
lo00

LATA
90
 CONTRIVANCE

relatestothe
andit
standsfor ten,
times morethan
decimal is 10
Theletter'dec' in number
addecimal
that each place in
fact
the one before it.
COMPREHENSION

introduction
have learnt
10. We
Latin word "Decem" meaning
decimal comes from
The word willstudy decimals
as an
in earlier classes. In this chapter, we
about decimals Addition,subtraction and
and also as a fraction.
ovtension of place-value table
were discussed in the previous class. Now, we shall
multiplication of decimals
division. Decimals as an extension of place value table
also discussthe operation
learnt that each place in the place value table has a
In earlier classes,we have
the next place on its right. For example, the value
value of ten times the value of
of the ones place, the value of hundreds place is
that
of tens place is ten times place is ten times the
that of the tens place, the value of thousands
ten times the
other words, the value of a place is one-tenth of
hundreds place and so on. In
left. For example, the value of ones place is one
value of the next place on its hundreds
the value of tens place is one tenth of the
tenth that of tens place,
place and so on.
following numbers.
Let us consider the place value of 6 in the

Number Place-value

6543 6000

5643 600

5463 60

5436 6
MMATH
99
EnCyciopeiita
 We observe that when thedigit 6 moves one place from left to right its valc
becomes one-tenth( 1 of its previous value, whenit moves two
10
)
1
left to tright,its value becomes one-hundredth( 100) of its prevIOus placE places frorr
on. Therefore, if we wish to move towards right beyond ones place, we
1
to extend the place value table by introducing the places for tenth(),
1 1
1
(
hundredths( 100 D, thousandths 1000 ) , ten thousandths( 10000 and so on
In such a situation the place value table will take the following shape.

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandthe

(1000) (100) (10) (1) 1
1

3 2
In the above place value table, if we have represent the number 257 +
10 100
then 2 goes to hundreds place, 5 goes to tens place, 7goes to ones place. :
goes to tenths place and 2 goes to the hundredths place.
Representation of the same on the place value chart.

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

(1000) (100) (10) (1) 1 1
)
10 100

2 5 7 3 2

The number shown in the above table is written as

257.32 and is called decima
or decimal number. It is read as 'two
hundred fifty seven three two' or
hundred fifty seven and thirty two hundredths', The point ''
separates W
number andfractional part and is called the
decimal point.
ATH
100
 e tecimals: Demals having the same number of decimal places are called

Nile:
805, 19.68 are like decimals, each having two decimal
plaCes.
nlike deimals:
Nashaving erent number of decimal places are called 'unlike decimals
xample:
S S.64, 10.023 areunlike decimals,
tant ule: Putting any number of zeros to the extreme right or the

It oa decimaldoes not changeits value.

Ths 3.8=3.80 =3.800etc., 2.94 =2.940=2.9400etc.,
Examplei:
ATange the digits of 374.568 in the place-value chart as shown below.

Decimal
tHundreds Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
point

4 5 6 8
7

Comparing Decimals:
follow the following steps.
Suppose we have to compare two given decimals. We
decimals.
Step 1:Convert the given decimals into like
The decimal with the greater
Step 2: First compare the whole number part.
whole number part is greater.
equal,compare the tenths digits. The
Step 3: If the whole number parts are
place is greater.
decimal witth the bigger digit in the tenths
tenths digits are also equal, compare the hundredths digits, and
Step 4: If the
SO on.
ATH 101
EDeyelopeih
 Ezampie 2:
Wreethe filny deimals naAIding order 5.74,6.03,0.8,
shtinn (amveri the ven Geomalsinto ike decimals, we
get
9.658 and72
numbersth:erm
The more umter deimal plaes inthe given as:
Thus,5.740, 5 09, 080,9.65%, 7.200 are 3.
Cearty, 055% O, 005 74) <6.030 <7.200
Merce the g)ven deimals in 9sending order are:
0.45% 0.874 6.03 12
Conversion of decimat into a fraction:
Step 1:rte the qven deinal
without the decinal point as nurnerator of the
fractn.
Step 2: In the
denorninator, write 1follovved by as many zeros as there are
detinal places in the qiven decirnal.
Step 3:Peduee the above
fraion into the sirnplest forn.
Ezamle 3:
et nÁ the following
deinals into a fraction in its simplest form.
b, 0.225
hutiu: #e have,
19 2 b, 0.225= 225 9
1000 40

Conversion of a fraction into a decimal:

tep 1:tDivide the nurnerator by the
tained. denominator tilla non- zero remainder is
tep 2: Puta deornal point in
the dividend as well as in the
Step 3: Put a zero on the right of the quotient.
the right of the rermainder.
decimal point in the dividend as wellas on
Step 4% Divide again just as we do in
the
Step 5: Pepest teps3 and4, till the whole numbers.
remainder is zero.
yample:
eachotthe folltring tration into adecirnal.

olutions
tere the dividend is 27 b. ;921,Mere the dividendis 27
divisor, andis thedivisor, On dividing, we get
atd4isthe
dividirg, Weget
on
8) 21.000 (2.625
4)27(6.7S -16
50
24
-48
30
20
-16
20
40
20
- 40

27 6,75
Thus
5
Thus 2 =Z1=2.625

Erample:
decirmals:
tres as rupees using C. 606 paise
8.535 paisE
b. 6578 paíse
sulution:

8.5% paise b.65 rupees 78 paise C. 6rupees 6 paise

100paise 1 =65x100+78 =(6x 100+6)paise
536 =606 paise
100
6578 paise
5.36 100 paise=71
=765.78
606
606 paise= 100 =6.06
Ezample:
irtress 5cnin meterand kilormeter
lution: 5cm 10, 0.05 m (" 100 cm = 1m)
100000 -0.00005km ("100000 cm = 1 km)
0.00005 krn LATH
EDeyeiopein
 decimals
Expressin kgusing
Example:
a. 60g
b.7380 g
1000g = 1kg
Solution: Wehave
a. 609 =1000
60 kg=0.06 kg b.7380 g= 7380
Exercise
1000
kg=7.380 kg
each oftheefollowing into fraction in its
1. Convert
a. 0.8 b.0.75 c. 0.06 simplest form
Convert each1of thefollowing as a mixedd fraction.
2.
b. 12.25 c. 6.004 d. 4.625
a. 5.6
decimal,
3.Convert each of thefollowing into
b.1S6 2516
d. 3254
47
10 100 100 1000

4.Convert each ofthe following into like decimals.

a. 6.5, 16.03,0.274, 119.4 b. 3.5,0.67, 15.6,4
5.Fill in each of the place holders with the correct symbol > or<
a. 78.25\ 69.85 b. 3.406 3.46
C. 5.68 5.86 d. 14.05
L_14.005
e. 1.85 1.805 f. 0.98 1.07

6. Arrange the following decimal inascending order.

a. 4.6,7.4, 4.58, 7.32, 4.06 b.0.5, 5.5, 5.05,0.05, 5.55
C. 6.84, 6.45, 6.8, 6.4,6.08 d. 2.2, 2.202,2.02, 22.2, 2.002
7.Arrange the following decimals in descending order.
a. 7.4, 8.34, 74.4, 7,44,0.74 b. 2.6, 2.26, 2.06, 2.007, 2.3
8.Express as rupees using decimals.
a. 8paise b.9rupees 75 paise c. 8 rupees 5 paise
9.Express 45 mm in cm,m and km
10. Express in km using
decimals.
a. 65 m b. 284 m c. 3 km 5m
MATH
104
Eneyciopedta
Additionand Subtraction of decimals
Additionofddecimals:
1: Convertthe given decimals intolike decimals.
step
2:
Writethe addends one under the other in colurnn form, keepingthe
Step decimal points of allIthe addends in the same colfurmn and the digits

the same place in the same

column
of
case of whole numbers.
Add asinthe
Step3: putthe decimal point directly under the decinal points in
sum,
Inthe
Step 4: the addends.

Example:
273.06,9.397 and68
Add 36.4,
the given decimals in to like decimals, we get
Solution: Converting 9.397, 68.000 Writing these decimals in column
060,
36.400, 273.
form and adding,
we get: Hundredths Thousandths
Decimal Tenths
Tens Ones
Hundreds point
4
3 6
6
2 7 3 7
3

6 8 7
8 5
8 6

Hence, the sum of thegiven decimals is 386.857

Subtractionof decimais:
Step 1: Convert the given decimals into like decimals.
p:write the smaller number under the largerone in column form insucha
Way tnat the decimal points of hoth thenumbers are in the sanie
column and the digits of the
Step 3: same place lie in the same column.
Step 4: InSubtract
the
as we do in case of
whole nåmbers.
difference,
put
points of the given the decimmal point directly under the decimal
numbers.
MATH 105
EDCyclopedita
Example:
from 83.2
Subtract47.56 decimalsinto like decimals, we get 47.56
Convertingthe given
with
and
Solution: form larger one at the top and
Writingthem in column
83.20
subtracting, we get Tenths Hundredths
Decimal
Tens Ones
point
2
8 3
5 6
7
4
6 4
3 5

Hence, 83.20 - 47.56 = 35.64

Example:
Simplify 63.7-28.89 + 76.4- 37.66
we have
Solution: Converting the given decimals into like decimals,
= 63.7 - 28.89 + 76.4 - 37.66
=63.70 -28.89+76.40- 37.66
= (63.70+76.40)-(28.89 +37.66)
(let us recall the rules of operations on integers)
=(140.10) - (66.55)
= (140.10 - 66.55)
= 73.55

Example :How much less is28.8 km than 42.3 km?

Solution: Required difference
= (42.3 - 28.8) km
= 13.5km

AATA
106
EDCyclopedia
pxample:
tomatoes and some onion. If the
fmmabought 4 kg 350g potatoes, 3 kg 80 g
weight of the three vegetables is 10 kg 200g. What is the weight of
rotal
onion?

Total|weight of allthe vegetables =10 kg 200g =10.200 kg

solution:1
Weight of potato =4kg 350 g =4.350 kg
kg
Weight of tomato = 3 kg 80 g = 3.080
(4.350 +3.080)]kg
Weightof onion =[10.200 -
=[10.200 - (7.430)]kg
=10.200-7.430kg
=2.770kg
weight theeonion is 2kg 770g
of
Hence,the
Exercise

1.Add
6.8 and7.77
8.7,0.94, 26.4and6.9
a.16, 8.008,
206.37,
b.18.6, 26.66 and12.17
9.7,0.8,
c.63.5, 9.435, 8.8and0.6
86.39,
d. 17.4, and0.048
19.74, 231.769
e.26.9,
8.94, 0.078, 214.6
f. 23.8,

2. Subtract
72.43
a. 14.79 from
b.36.74 from 52.6
c. 13.876 from
22

d. 15.079 from 24.16

5.05
e. 0.4678 from
f.5.746 from9.1 MATH 107
EDcyclopela
 questions
following
3.Solvethe to 63.58toget922
beadded
a.Whatisto subtractedfrom.8.1toget 0.813?
Whatisto be
should32.67 b increased to get 60.1?
much
c. Byhow
much should 74.3be decreasedIto get 26.87?
d. Byhow for 723.75, a pencil for 2.85
purchased a notebook and a pen for
Rohit
e.T15.90. He gavea50 notetothe shopkeeper. What amount did he get back?

Multiplication ofDecimals
1000
Multiplication of adecimal by 10, 100,
Rules:
i. On multiplying a decimal by 10, the decimal point is shifted to the right by one

place.
ii. On multiplying adecimal by 100, the decimal point is shifted to the right hu
two places.
ii. Onmultiplying a decimal by 1000, the decimal point is shifted tothe right by
three places and so on.
Example: Findthe product
a. 67.24 x 10 b. 4.956x 100 c. 2.3748 x 1000

Solution: We have
a. 67.24 x10 =672.4 (shifting decimal point to the right by 1place)
b. 4.956 x 100= 495.6 (shifting decimal point to the right by 2 places)
C. 2.3748 x 1000= 2374.8 (shifting decimal point to the right by 3placesS)
Multiplication of a decimal by whole number
Method:
Step 1: Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by the given whole
number.
Step 2: Mark the decimal point in the product to many placessofdecimal
have asr
as are there in the qiven
decimal.

108)
EDGyelopeita
sample: Find the Droduct
543x15 b.0327 x12 c0.065x9
lution:Wehave,
43x15= 8145
-rafore S.43 x15 =81.45 (2 piaces of decimal)
r12=3924
327 x 12 =3.924 (3 places of decimal)
5x9=585
0.5855(3 placesof deima)
grefore0.065x9 =

decimal
Multiplication of decimalby
two decimals without the decimal point just ke whole
Mutpvtthe
Step1:

the product in such a wav that the numberof

pOint in
Sten 2: Mark the deomal places
the productis equal to the sum of the deoimal
decmalplaces in
decimals.
in the civen

Example :
Mutiply73.85 by 5.4
by54
Solution: First we multiply 7386
6
7 3
X 5

29
6 9 3
3

3
7386 x 54 = 398844
1)=5
SUm of the decimal places in the givendecimals = (2+
So, the product must contain 3 places of decimal
73.86 x 5.4-398.844 (3 places of decimal)
Example:
0.089by0.76
Multiply
wemultiply89by76 X
Solution:First =6764
Therefore89x 76 3
Sum ofdecimal places in the given 6
3
6
decimals 6 4

= (3 + 2) =5
contain 5 placests of decimal.
So, the product must
0.06764
0.089 x 0.76 =

Example: 4
Find the product 0.47 x 5.3 x 0.06 X

Solution: First we find the product 1

1
2 3 5
47x53 x6
2 4 1
Now,
Sum of the decimal places in the given decimals 2491
=(2 +2+ 1) =5 X 6
So, the product must contain 5 places of decimal.
14946
Therefore, 0.47 x 5.3 x0.06 = 0.14946

Example :
If the cost of a pen is 28.50,find
the cost of 48 such pens?
Solution: Cost of 1 pen = 28.50
Cost of 48pens = 28.50 x 48

59
2
X 4 8

00
2 2 8
00
1 1 4
Therefore, 28.50x48= 1,368.00 3 6
00

110
ATH
Eneyclopeih
 Exercise

Findtheproduct
b. 7.54x 10 c. 84.003 x 10
a. 73.92x10
e. 0.7 x 10 f.0.032x 10
10
0.83X
d.

product
Findthe C. 2.9x 100
1.a.2.397x100 b. 6.83x100
e. 0.6 x 100 f.0.003 x100
x 100
d. 0.08

product
Find the b. 0.182 x 1000
c. 0.076 x 1000
3.
x 1000
a.6.7314 e. 4.8 x 1000
f.0.06 x1000
x 1000
d. 6.25

product
4.Findthe b. 3.65x 19 c. 0.854 x 12
16
a. 5.4x f.0.0146 x69
e. 4.125 x 86
48
d. 36.73 x

product
5. Find the b.3.45x6.3
c.0.54 x0.27
a. 7.6 x 2.4 f.0.014 x0.46
e. 0.06 x0.38
d.0.568x4.9

6.Find the product c. 0.8x3.5x0.05

a. 13x 1.3x0.13 b. 2.4 x1.5x 2.5
f.2.1 x 0.21 x 0.021
d. 0.2 x 0.02 x 0.002 e. 11.1 x 1.1 x0.11

MATH
Ecyeinnath
 7. Solve the following
a. Abus can cover 52.5 km in one
hour. How much
hours?

b. Acan of oil weighs 16.8 kg.

What is the weight of 45 s
distance can
COvet

c.A bag of rice weighs 97.8 kg. How much

rice is
Such cans?
d. Asmall bottle holds 0.845 kg of
sauce. contained
How much
in
500 such bags
such bottles?
sauce wil be
thee in)
Division of decimals
Dividing a decimal by 10, 100, 1000
Rules:
a. On dividing a decimal by
10, the decimal point is
place. shifted tothe left by
b. On dividing a one
decimal by 100, the decimal point is
places. shifted to the left by )
c.On dividing adecimal by
1000, the decimal point is
places. shifted to the left by 3
Example 1:
Divide
a. 16.8 by 10
b. 236.4 by 100
Solution: We have, C. 3709.6 by 1000
a. 16.8 +10 = 16.8
b.236.4 - 100 = -=l.68
236.4 (shifting decimal point to the left by 1 place)
10
100 -=2.364
C.
3709.6 1000 = 3709.6 (shifting decimal point to the left by2places)
1000 = 3.7096 (shifting decimal point to
places) the left by 3
Dividing adecimal by whole
MetStephod:1: number
Step 2: Perform the division by Considering the
When theedivision dividend a whole number.
of
the wholet number part of the dividend is complete, put
decimalnumbers.
of whole point in the
quotient and proceed withthe division as in case
ATH
pxample:
by12
Divide39.168
solution: 12) 39.16 8(3.264 Remember
-36
Sometimes on dividing a decimal by a
31 remainder
whole number, the last
case
-24 obtained is nonzero. In such
right of
76 insert as many zeros on the
dividend as
decimal part of the
-72 last
necessary to make the
48 remainder zero.
- 48

Example:
8
Divide48.38by
Solution: Wehave
(6.0475 (two zerosannexed)
8) 48.3800
-48
038
-32

60
- 56
40
- 40
0

MATH 113
Encyciopedta
 15 wickets for321runs. What is his average
took
Example: Abowler SCore per
wicket?
= 321 runs
Solution: Total scCore
wickets= 15
Total number of 321
wicket = runs = 21.4 runs
Average score per 15
per wicket
Hence, the average score is 21.4 runs

108.9 km iin 1.8 hours. What iis the average

Example: Acar covers a distance of
speed of the car?
Solution: Totaldistance covered = 108.9 km
Total time taken = 1.8hours

Distance
Average speed of the car = time taken
108.9
km /h
1.8
1089 + 9
18 ÷9
km /h

1212 km /h
=60.5km /h
Hence, theaverage speed of the car is 60.5 km/h

Example: The product of two decimals is 1.5O08. If one of

the other. them is 0.56. Fino
Solution: Product of thegiven
decimals = 1.5008
One decimal = 0.56
The other decimal = 1.5008 +0.56
1.5008 100
X 150.08
0.56 100 -= 2.68
56
Hence, the other decimal is
2.68

114)
MATH
Encyclopilk
 Exercise

these,numbers by 10
Divide
b.32.56 C.4.38 d. 0.34
. 131.6
these,numbers by100
Divide
2 c. 0.3 d. 0.58
b. 4.7
8.137.2

tthese
Divide
enumbers by 1000
3. C. 0.8 d. 2
b.4.6
a.1286.5

4.Divide
c. 117.6 by 21 d.217.44 by 18
b. 60.48 by12
by6
a.43.2
f.6.08 by 8
by25
e.2.575
5. Divide d.12.8 by 500
c.9.2 by 80
b. 403.8 by 30
by20
a. 16.46

e.18.08by400
6. Divide 1.5
c. 25.395 by
b. 0.288 by 0.9
a. 3.28 by 0.8
0.35 f. 21.976 by 1.64
d. 0.228 by 0.38 e. 0.8085 by

7. Solve
Find the cost of eachchair
s79255.60. from a
a. Thetotal cost of 24 chairs is shirts can be made
shirt. How many
b. If 1.8 mof cloth is required for a
piece of cloth 45 m long?
much distance willit
petrol. How
C.Acar cOvers a distance of 22.8km in 2.4Iin
COver in 1 litre of petrol?

MATH
EDeyelopAlh