1. A mineral is known as ore if metal 7.

Chemically rust is
(a) Cannot be produced from it (a) Hydrated ferrous oxide
(b) Can be produced from it (b) Hydrated ferric oxide
(c) Can be extracted from it profitably (c) only ferric oxide
(d) Is very costly (d) none of these
Ans. (c) Can be extracted from it profitably Ans. (b) Hydrated ferric oxide

2. The earthy impurities associated with mineral 8.. Heating pyrites to remove sulphur is called
used in metallurgy are called (a) Smelting
(a) Slag (b) Calcination
(b) Flux (c) Liquation
(c) Gangue (d) Roasting
(d) Ore Ans.(d) Roasting
Ans. (c) Gangue
9.. Most abundant metal on the surface of the earth
3. A basic lining is given to a furnace by using (a) Iron
(a) Calcined dolomite (b) Aluminium
(b) Copper sulphate (c) Calcium
(c) Haematite (d) Sodium
(d) Silica Ans. (b) Aluminium
Ans. (a) Calcined dolomite
10. Zone refining is used for the
4. Malachite is an are of: (a) concentration of an ore
(a) Iron (b) Reduction of metal oxide
(b) Copper (c) Purification of metal
(c) Mercury (d) Purification of an ore
(d) Zinc Ans. (c) Purification of metal
Ans. (b) Copper
11. The lustre of a metal is due to
5. Metal always found in free state is: (a) its high density
(a) Gold (b) its high polishing
(b) Silver (c) its chemical inertness
(c) Copper (d) Presence of free electrons.
(d) Sodium Ans. (d) Presence of free electrons.
Ans. (a) Gold

6.. In the thermite process, the reducing agent is

(a) Nickel 12. In addition to iron, stainless steel contains:
(b) Zinc (a) nickel and chromium
(c) Sodium (b) Copper and tin
(d) Aluminium (c) aluminium and magnesium
Ans. (d) Aluminium (d) Carbon and magnesium

Ans. (a) nickel and chromium

Chapter- 3 1mark
13. What chemical process is used for obtaining a
metal from its oxide?
Ans. A metal is obtained from its oxide by the process
of reduction.
14. An element reacts with oxygen to give a
compound with a high melting point. This
compound is also soluble in water. The element is
likely to be
(a) Calcium
(b) Carbon
(c) Silicon
(d) Iron
Ans. (a) Calcium

15. Food cans are coated with tin and not zinc
because
(a) Zinc is costlier than tin
(b) Zinc has higher melting point
(c) Zinc is more reactive than tin
(d) Zinc is less reactive than tin
Ans. (c) Zinc is more reactive than tin

16. What types of oxides are formed when non-

metals combine with oxygen?
Ans. Acidic oxides are formed when non-metals
combine with oxygen.

17. Royal water is prepared by mixing two acids

‘A’ and ‘B’. It can dissolve gold and platinum. It is
highly corrosive and fuming liquid. Identify ‘A’
and ‘B’. What is the ratio in which ‘A’ and ‘B’ are
mixed.

Ans.

2 marks
1. Which Gas is produced when a metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid? Write the chemical reaction
when iron reacts with dilute
Ans. Hydrogen gas is produced when a metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. Iron and dilute
react as follows:

Hydrogen gas is evolved in this reaction also.

2. What would you observe when Zinc is added to a solution of Iron (II) sulphate? Write chemical
reaction that taken place.
Ans. The green colour of solution will slowly disappear. Zinc will gradually dissolve and iron will get
precipitated at the bottom of the beaker.

3. Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Ans. In the formations of ionic compounds, positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) participate. These
are cloudy packed and the ionic compounds exist as crystalline solids. They have strong inter-ionic process of
attraction and have high melting and forces of attraction and have high melting and boiling points.

4. Why sodium is kept immersed in kerosene oil?

Ans. Sodium reacts both with air and water. It is therefore kept in kerosene oil in order to avoid contact with
both air and water.

5. State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.

Ans. (i) By applying a coating of grease or paint
(ii) By depositing a layer of Zinc on the surface of iron.
6. What type of oxide ore is formed when nonmetals combine with oxygen?
Ans. The oxides so formed are acidic is nature which when dissolved is water, their solutions change blue
litmus red for ex-

7. What are amphoteric oxides? Give examples?

Ans. Amphoteric oxides are the oxides which can act both as acids and bases for eg Aluminium oxide
and Zinc oxide

9. Give reason why platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellary.
Ans. Platinum, Gold and silver are placed at the bottom of the activity series and are very little reactive in
nature and are known as noble metals. They are not even affected by air, water and even by chemicals. Since
they have bright lusture, we can use them for making jewellary.

10. Why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel?
Ans. Since copper is used to make hot water tanks because it is good conductor of heat than steel.

11. Can all minerals of a metal act as ores? Justify.

Ans. No, all minerals of a metal cannot act as ores but only those minerals can act as ores from which a metal
can be conveniently and profitably extracted.

12. How does Galvanisation check rusting of iron?

Ans. Galvanisation means coating the surface of iron metal with zinc. Since in activity series zinc lies abore
iron so it sacrifices itself for the sake of iron and prevents iron from rusting.

15. Corrosion of metals is not always harmful. Illustrate.

Ans. Corrosion is a very harmful process resulting in slow eating up of a metal but corrosion of aluminium is
useful as a layer of aluminium oxide formed as result of chemical reaction and gets deposited on the
surface of metal. It forms a protective coating on the surface and prevents the attacks of water, air, acids or
alkalis.

18. Why are non-metals gaseous at room temperature?

Ans. In the molecular from, non-metals exit as single molecules e.g. hydrogen , Oxygen , nitrogen
, Carbon dioxide and ammonia etc. the attractive forces in these molecules are quite weak.
Therefore, they exist as gases at room temperature.

20. What is thermit reaction?

Ans. Thermit reaction is the reduction of certain metal oxides such as etc. by
aluminium metal upon strong heating. It is highly exothermic in nature. For example

22. Write equation for the reaction of

(i) Iron with steam
(ii) Calcium and potassium with water
Ans. (i)
(ii)

25. Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Ans. There are strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in ionic compounds. Considerable
amount of energy is required to break strong inter-ionic force of attraction. Therefore, they have high melting
points.

26. Which metals do not corrode easily?

Ans. Metals which are placed at the bottom of activity series like silver, gold, platinum do not corrode easily.

27. What are alloys?

Ans. An alloy is homogenous mixture of two or more metals or metal and non-metal. It is obtained by first
melting primary metal and then dissolving the other element in it in definite proportion.

29. Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids, and two metals which will not.
Ans. Magnesium and zinc metals displace hydrogen from dilute acids. Copper and silver do not displace
hydrogen from dilute acids.

31. State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.

Ans. Rusting of iron can be prevented by
(i) By applying grease or paint.
(ii) By galvanizing

3 marks
1. Arrange the following metals in decreasing order of their reactivity:
(1)
(2) You are provided with three metals: sodium, magnesium and copper, Using only water as the
reactant, how will you identify each of them
(3) Which metal listed in (1) is most likely to occur in the native state?
Ans. (1) Based on the activity series, the decree sing order of reactivity of metals is:

(2) (a) The metal which reacts violently with cold water and catches fire is sodium
(b) The metal which evolves hydrogen gas upon heating with water is magnesium
(c) The metal which does not react with water even on strong heating is copper
(3) Copper is most likely to occur in the native (or free) state to a very small event

2. Which method of concentration of an ore is preferred in the following cases and why?
(1) The ore has higher density particles mixed with a large bulk of low density impurities
(2) The ore consists of copper sulphide intermixed with clay particles Give an example of amalgam
Ans. (1) The concentration of ore can be done by gravity separation method
(2) The concentration of ore is done by froth floatation process An amalgam of mercury with silver or gold
called dental alloy is used to fill cavities in the teeth

3. (a) Why is called a amphoteric oxide? Name another amphoteric oxide

(b) What are alkali’s? Give one example of alkali
Ans. (a) Zinc oxide (ZnO) is called amphoteric oxide as it behaves bath as acidic oxide and basic oxide

(Basic oxide) (Acid) Zinc chloride

(Acidic oxide) (Base) (Sodium zincate)

Aluminum oxide is another amphoteric oxide
(b) Water soluble hydroxides of metals are known as alkalies. For example

4. You are given a hammer a battery, a bulb, wires and switch

(a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non metals?
(b) Assess the usefulness of these tests to distinguish between metals and non-metals
Ans. (a) With the help of the things provided try to convert metals and non metals in the form of thin rods
Metals will readily form into thin rods being malleable and non metals being brittle will break Now if we
construct a cell using these rods or plates the circuit which consists of metallic rod conducts whereas non
metallic rod will not conduct
(b) From these tests we can say
(i) Metals are malleable whereas nonmetals are not
(ii) Metals are good conductors of electricity while non metals are not

5. Name an alloy of
(i) Aluminium used is construction of aircrafts
(ii) lead in joining metals for electric work
(iii) copper used is house hold vessels
Ans. (i) Alloy is duralumin
(ii) Solder
(iii) Brass

6. White three important properties of aluminium which are responsible for its great demand in
industry?
Ans. (i) It is a good conductor of electricity
(ii) It is not attacked by water
(iii) It is a powerful reducing agent
8. Define an alloy and an amalgam State the main constituents of the following alloys
Stainless steel, Bronze In which property, each of them is different from its main constituent
Ans. As alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or non- metals An alloy is which mercury is one
of the constituents is called amalgam.
Stainless steel- An alloy of iron, chromium, carbon and nickel It does not get rusted whereas iron is easily
rusted.
Bronze- An alloy of copper and tin, It is less malleable than copper and is used for making coins, statues etc.

11. Write one point of difference between electrolytic reduction and reduction with carbon Give one
example of each
Ans. The electrolytic reduction takes places at the cathode by the gain of electrons in electrolysis At the same
time carbon reduction is carried by heating a metal oxide with coke For example

(Reduction by gain of electrons)

(Coke)(Heat) (Reduction by carbon)

14. Define the following terms:
(a) Minerals
(b) Ores
(c) Gangue
Ans. Minerals- These are combined state of metals generally with non-metals
Ores- The minerals from which metals can be conveniently extracted are called an ore
Gangue- It represents the earthy impurities such as mud, sand and day.

16. Write any three differences between metals and non-metals on the basis of chemical properties?
Ans. Difference between metals and non-metals are-
Metals Non- Metals
Oxides of metals are generally Oxides of non-metals are mostly acidic in
(1)
basic in nature nature
Compounds of non-metals are mostly
The compounds of metals are
(2) covalent although there are many
mostly ionic in nature
exceptions
Metals act as reducing agents Non-metals are oxidizing agents as their
(3) as their atoms loose electrons atoms accept electrons
For e g:- Na ® Na+ + e- For e g:- Cl + e– ® Cl–
17. Why is titanium metal called as strategic metal? Mention two of its properties which makes it so
special
Ans. Tritanium is called strategic metal because it is used for making certain war equipments
(1) It is light in weight but stronger
(2) It is not affected by corrosion even if kept open for a very long time

18. (a) What is corrosion?

(b) How is corrosion caused

(c) Complete the reaction

Ans. (a) The eating up of the surface of metal if kept open for a long time is called corrosion
(b) It is caused due to the eating of metals by the gasses and water vapours present in air due to the formation of
certain chemical compound
19. (1) Choose metal from the reactivity series which will not react with steam
(2) Choose one metal which will safely react with dilute sulphuric acid
(3) Name the salt formed when metal chosen in (2) reacts with sulphuric acid
Ans. (1) Gold (Au)
(2) Zinc (Zn)
(3) The salt formed is and is colourless
21. Give an example of metal which
(i) is a liquid at room temperature
(ii) can be easily cut with knife
(iii) is best conductor of heat
(iv) is poor conductor of heat
Ans. (i) Mercury
(ii) Sodium
(iii) Silver
(iv) Lead

22. Explain the meaning of malleable and ductile

Ans. A substance that can be beaten into thin sheets is said to be malleable For example iron, copper etc.
A substance that can be drawn into wires is called ductile For example gold, silver etc

24. Define the following terms:

(i) Minerals
(ii) Ores and
(iii) Gangue
Ans. (i) Minerals- the element or compounds which occur naturally in the earth crest are known as minerals
(ii) Ores- Minerals from which metal can be extracted profitably and easily are called ores
(iii) Gangue- Impurities such as soil and sand which are present in the minerals are called gangue

26. You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice Explain why
these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels
Ans. Copper, on keeping in air reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form a green layer of copper
carbonate Copper carbonate reacts with citric acid present in lemon or tartaric acid present in tamarind to form
soluble copper citrate or copper tartarate The vessels are thus cleaned using water.

29. Differentiate between metal and non-metal on the basis of their chemical properties
Ans. Metals and non-metals can be differentiated on the basis of following chemical properties
Metals Non-metals
1. Metals displace hydrogen from 1. Non-metal do not displace hydrogen from
water water
2. Metals are basic oxide 2. Non-metals are acidic oxides
3. Metals displace hydrogen from 3. Non-metals displace hydrogen from dilute
dilute acids acids
4. Metals form ionic chlorides with 4. Non-metals form covalent chlorides with
chlorine chlorine
27. A man went door to door posing as a goldsmith He promised to bring back the glitter of the old and
dull ornaments An unsuspecting lady gave a set of gold bangles to him which he dipped in a particular
solution The bangles sparkled like new but their weight was reduced drastically The lady was upset but
after a futile argument the man beat a hasty retreat Can you play the detective to find out the nature of
the solution he had used?
Ans. Aqua regia, which is a mixture of 3 parts concentrated HCl and part of concentrated nitric acid dissolves
gold The man put the gold bangles in this solution The outer dirty layer of gold bangles dissolved in aqua regia
bring out the shining bangles.
As the outer layer of bangles dissolved in aqua regia, the weight was reduced drastically

5 Marks Questions

1. (a) Name a metal which does not stick to glass?

(b) Name a non-metal which is good conductor of electricity?

(c) Name the metal which is commonly used in thermit welding?

(d) What gets deposited at the cathode, a pure or impure metal?

(e) What is the nature of Zinc oxide?

Ans.(i) Mercury

(ii) Graphite

(iii) Aluminum

(iv) A pure metal is always deposited at the cathode

(v) Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an amphoteric oxide.

2. Name three common forms in which metals occur is nature. Explain the interaction between metals
and dilute acid?

Ans. The three common forms is which metals occur in nature are

Sulphide form – copper pyrite

Oxide form – Bauxite

Carbonate form – Calamine

Active metals generally interact with dil HCl or dil H2SO4 to evolve hydrogen gas. For eg-

The metals which lie below hydrogen is the activity series do not interact with dilute acid.

4. (1) Write electron dot structure for sodium, magnesium and oxygen?

(2) Show formation of by the transfer of electrons?

Ans. (1) Atomic No. of Na Z=11

electron dot structure

(2) Mg Z=12

electron dot structure

(3) O Z=8

electron dot structure

(4) Formation of sodium oxide

Formation of magnesium oxide (MgO)