Pearson Science New South Wales 10

Chapter 1 Test
DNA and genetics

Name: _____________________ Class:__________ Date:__________

Instructions: Write answers in the right-hand column. Score: ___________ / 60 marks

Section A—Multiple choice (10 marks)

The number of chromosomes contained by each human egg or sperm is:

A 23 chromosomes.
B 46 chromosomes.
C 23 pairs of chromosomes.
D a diploid number of chromosomes. 1
The gametes of a fruit fly have four chromosomes. Therefore, the diploid
number for the fruit fly would be:
A 2.
B 4.
C 6.
D 8. 1
The structure of DNA may be described as a twisted ladder. In this model, the
upright parts of the ladder are formed by:
A alternating sugar and phosphate units.
B nitrogen bases.
C amino acids.
D protein. 1
Compared with the number of chromosomes in the original cell, the number of
chromosomes in cells after meiosis is:
A double.
B same.
C half.
D quarter. 1
A biology student wants to examine gamete formation. The most suitable
prepared slide for her to examine would be:
A human skin.
B rat testes.
C early developing embryo.
D human bone marrow. 1
The sex of an individual is determined:
A when the egg is formed.
B when the sperm is formed.
C when the egg is fertilised by the sperm.
D when the embryo is 12 weeks old. 1

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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 1 Test
DNA and genetics

Meiosis is also referred to as ‘reduction division’ because it produces daughter

cells containing the haploid number of chromosomes. Meiosis would typically
occur during the:
A division of skin cells.
B production of gametes.
C replication of red blood cells.
D replacement of damaged muscle cells. 1
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of:
A most cells of your body.
B brain cells only.
C reproductive cells only.
D stem cells that have not yet differentiated. 1
Most cells in your body contain two of each type of chromosome (i.e. they have
2N chromosomes). The exception to this is the:
A diploid cells.
B body cells.
C gametes.
D homologous cells. 1

This pedigree shows a recessive inherited condition, which is indicated by the

yellow colour. Male parent 2 has the condition but his female partner does not.
Identify the correct statement for their children.
A Their children are carriers of the condition.
B Their children are homozygous dominant for the condition.
C Their children will not have children with the condition.
D Their children are homozygous recessive for the condition. 1

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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 1 Test
DNA and genetics

Section B—Short answer (40 marks)

`Contrast the following pairs of terms.

a X chromosome, Y chromosome
b meiosis, mitosis
c genotype, phenotype
d heterozygous, homozygous

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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 1 Test
DNA and genetics

a State which of the statements below

are true and which are false.
b Modify the false statements so that
they are true.

1 A gamete produced by mitosis has

the haploid number of
chromosomes.
2 A chromatid is one of two identical
strands into which a chromosome
separates during mitosis.
3 Alleles are alternative forms of a
gene found at the same locus on a
chromosome.
4 Homozygous individuals possess
two different forms (alleles) of a
particular gene, one inherited from
each parent.
5 An autosome is any chromosome
that is not involved in sex
determination.
6 The phenotype of an organism is
the organism’s entire genetic make-
up, or the sum total of genes (DNA)
that it possesses.
7 A mutation is a sudden change in a
gene that can be inherited.
8 The process of fertilisation halves
the chromosome number of an
organism. 8

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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 1 Test
DNA and genetics

The diagram below shows a simplified

illustration of the stages of meiosis.
However, the stages are not in the
correct order. Identify the correct order
and write the letters corresponding to
each stage in order.

3
Dwarf peas are crossed with
heterozygous tall peas. Tall is dominant
over dwarf.
a Construct a Punnett square to show
the crossing.
b Use your Punnett square to predict
the phenotype and genotype ratios
of the F1 generation.

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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 1 Test
DNA and genetics

The diagram below shows the stages

involved in gene technology using
recombinant DNA. Explain what is
happening in:
a stage 2
b stage 4
c stage 5
d stage 7.

4
Haemophilia is an X-linked recessive
disease. The symbol XH is used to show
the normal gene on the X chromosome,
and the symbol Xh is used to show the
recessive gene on the X chromosome.
a State the possible genotypes of a:
i haemophiliac male
ii non-haemophiliac male
iii non-haemophiliac female.
b A female may be a ‘carrier’ of the
disease.
i Clarify what is meant by the
term ‘carrier’.
ii State the genotype of a ‘carrier’
of haemophilia. 6

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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 1 Test
DNA and genetics

In relation to the study of genetics:

a state what the letters DNA stand for
b state what the letters A, C, T and G
stand for in a DNA base sequence.

3
Describe the following.
a recombinant DNA technology
b Human Genome Project
c gene therapy
d cell differentiation

4
Compare embryonic stem cells and
adult stem cells.

2
Use the allele labels ‘M’ and ‘m’ to
demonstrate how different genotypes
can produce the same phenotypes.

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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 1 Test
DNA and genetics

Section C—Thinking scientifically (10 marks)

In a certain organism’s DNA, 10% of the bases are thymine. Calculate the
percentage of bases that would be guanine.
A 10%
B 40%
C 80%
D 90% 1
The number of variations in gametes that could be produced when a cell with
three pairs of chromosomes undergoes meiosis is:
A 3.
B 4.
C 6.
D 8. 1
In humans, albinism (a total lack of pigmentation) is inherited as a recessive
trait. If an albino man and a non-albino woman (whose father is albino) have a
child, calculate the probability that the child is albino.
A 0
B 1
2
C 1
D 1 1
4

The pedigree above shows the inheritance of a disease (shown in blue) caused
by a recessive gene ‘g’. Those with the dominant gene ‘G’ do not show the
disease. The genotypes of the parents in generation I are:
A female Gg, male GG.
B female GG, male Gg.
C female Gg, male Gg.
D female GG, male GG. 1

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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 1 Test
DNA and genetics

The pedigree above shows the inheritance of a disease (shown in blue) caused
by a recessive gene ‘g’. Those with the dominant gene ‘G’ do not show the
disease. Identify the genotypes of the following individuals in order:
Generation II number 3; Generation III male; Generation IV number 2.
A Gg, gg, Gg
B gg, Gg, Gg
C Gg, Gg, Gg
D gg, gg, Gg 1
Scientists researching genetic modification use a particular enzyme to cut a
piece of DNA. The exposed ends of the DNA are shown in the figure below.

From the four genes below, identify the gene that could be spliced into the piece
of DNA above.

D
1

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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 1 Test
DNA and genetics

In this family tree, individuals represented by yellow squares (male) or circles

(female) carry a particular trait. Analyse the pedigree and decide how the
characteristic is inherited.
A recessive trait carried on the X chromosome
B dominant trait carried on the Y chromosome
C recessive trait carried on an autosome
D dominant trait carried on the X chromosome 1

Calculate the probability that any children of individuals 1 and 2 are carriers of
the recessive trait shown in yellow in this pedigree.
A 75%
B 50%
C 25%
D 0% 1

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Pearson Science New South Wales 10
Chapter 1 Test
DNA and genetics

The figure above shows one half of a homologous pair of chromosomes.

Identify the other homologous chromosome.

D 1
ACGTCAATGCATG

Half of a strand of DNA bases is shown above. The complementary DNA strand
would be:
A TGCAGTCACCTAC.
B TCCAGTTACGTAA.
C TGCAGTTACGTAC.
D TGCAGATACTTAC. 1

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