What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing is a general term for the delivery of hosted computing services
and IT resources over the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. Users can obtain
technology services such as processing power, storage and databases from a cloud
provider, eliminating the need for purchasing, operating and maintaining on-
premises physical data centers and servers.

A cloud can be private, public or a hybrid. A public cloud sells services to anyone
on the internet. A private cloud is a proprietary network or a data center that
supplies hosted services to a limited number of people, with certain access and
permissions settings. A hybrid cloud offers a mixed computing environment where
data and resources can be shared between both public and private clouds.
Regardless of the type, the goal of cloud computing is to provide easy, scalable
access to computing resources and IT services.

Cloud infrastructure involves the hardware and software components required for
the proper deployment of a cloud computing model. Cloud computing can also be
thought of as utility computing or on-demand computing.

The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol that's often used to
represent the internet in flowcharts and diagrams.

How does cloud computing work?

Cloud computing lets client devices access rented computing resources, such as
data, analytics and cloud applications over the internet. It relies on a network of
remote data centers, servers and storage systems that are owned and operated by
cloud service providers. The providers are responsible for ensuring the storage
capacity, security and computing power needed to maintain the data users send to
the cloud.

Typically, the following steps are involved in cloud computing:

1. An internet network connection links the front end -- the accessing client
device, browser, network and cloud software applications -- with the back end,
which consists of databases, servers, operating systems and computers.

2. The back end functions as a repository, storing data accessed by the front end.

3. A central server manages communications between the front and back ends. It
relies on protocols to facilitate the exchange of data. The central server uses
both software and middleware to manage connectivity between different client
devices and cloud servers.

4. Typically, there's a dedicated server for each application or workload.

Cloud computing relies heavily on virtualization and automation technologies.

Virtualization lets IT organizations create virtual instances of servers, storage and
other resources that let multiple VMs or cloud environments run on a single
physical server using software known as a hypervisor. This simplifies the
abstraction and provisioning of cloud resources into logical entities, letting users
easily request and use these resources. Automation and accompanying
orchestration capabilities provide users with a high degree of self-service to
provision resources, connect services and deploy workloads without direct
intervention from the cloud provider's IT staff.

What are the different types of cloud computing

services?
Cloud services can be classified into three general service delivery categories:

1. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS). IaaS providers, such as Amazon Web

Services (AWS), supply a virtual server instance and storage, as well as
application programming interfaces (APIs) that let users migrate workloads to a
virtual machine (VM). Users have an allocated storage capacity and can start,
stop, access and configure the VM and storage as desired. IaaS providers offer
small, medium, large, extra-large and memory- or compute-optimized
instances, in addition to enabling customization of instances for various
workload needs. The IaaS cloud model is closest to a remote data center for
business users.
2. Platform as a service (PaaS). In the PaaS model, cloud providers host
development tools on their infrastructures. Users access these tools over the
internet using APIs, web portals or gateway software. PaaS is used for general
software development and many PaaS providers host the software after it's
developed. Examples of PaaS products include Salesforce Lightning, AWS
Elastic Beanstalk and Google App Engine.

3. Software as a service (SaaS). SaaS is a distribution model that delivers

software applications over the internet; these applications are often called web
services. Users can access SaaS applications and services from any location
using a computer or mobile device that has internet access. In the SaaS model,
users gain access to application software and databases. An example of a SaaS
application is Microsoft 365 for productivity and email services.

4. Function as a service (FaaS). FaaS, also known as serverless computing, lets

users run code in the cloud without having to worry about the underlying
infrastructure. Users can create and deploy functions that respond to events or
triggers. FaaS abstracts server and infrastructure management, letting
developers concentrate solely on code creation.

The
main types of cloud computing.
Cloud computing deployment models
There are several cloud computing deployment methods, including the following:

Private cloud
A business's data center delivers private cloud services to internal users. With a
private cloud, an organization builds and maintains its own underlying cloud
infrastructure. This model offers the versatility and convenience of the cloud, while
preserving the management, control and security common to local data centers.
Internal users might be billed for services through IT chargeback. Examples of
private cloud technologies and vendors include VMware and OpenStack.

Public cloud

In the public cloud model, a third-party cloud service provider (CSP) delivers the
cloud service over the internet. Public cloud services are sold on demand, typically
by the minute or hour, though long-term commitments are available for many
services. Customers only pay for the central processing unit cycles, storage or
bandwidth they consume. Examples of public CSPs include AWS, Google Cloud
Platform (GCP), IBM, Microsoft Azure, Oracle and Tencent Cloud.

Hybrid cloud

A hybrid cloud is a combination of public cloud services and an on-premises

private cloud, with orchestration and automation between the two. Companies can
run mission-critical workloads or sensitive applications on the private cloud and
use the public cloud to handle workload bursts or spikes in demand. The goal of a
hybrid cloud is to create a unified, automated, scalable environment that takes
advantage of all that a public cloud infrastructure can provide, while still
maintaining control over mission-critical data.

Multi-cloud

Organizations are increasingly embracing a multi-cloud model, or the use of

multiple IaaS providers. This lets applications migrate between different cloud
providers or operate concurrently across two or more cloud providers.

Organizations adopt multi-cloud for various reasons, including to help them

minimize the risk of a cloud service outage or take advantage of more competitive
pricing from a particular provider. It also helps organizations avoid vendor lock-in,
letting them switch from one provider to another if needed.
However, multi-cloud deployment and application development can be a challenge
because of the differences between cloud providers' services and APIs. Multi-cloud
deployments should become easier as cloud providers work toward standardization
and convergence of their services and APIs. Industry initiatives such as Open
Cloud Computing Interface aim to promote interoperability and simplify multi-
cloud deployments.

Community cloud

A community cloud, which several organizations share, supports a particular

community that has the same concerns, mission, policy, security requirements
and compliance considerations. A community cloud is either managed by these
organizations or a third-party vendor and can be on or off premises.

Characteristics of cloud computing

Cloud computing has been around for several decades and today's cloud computing
infrastructure demonstrates an array of characteristics that have brought
meaningful benefits to businesses of all sizes.

Characteristics of cloud computing include the following:

 Self-service provisioning. End users can spin up compute resources for almost
any type of workload on demand. An end user can provision computing
capabilities, such as server time and network storage, eliminating the traditional
need for IT administrators to provision and manage compute resources.

 Elasticity. Companies can freely scale up as computing needs increase and

scale down as demands decrease. This eliminates the need for massive
investments in local infrastructure, which might not remain active.

 Pay per use. Compute resources are measured at a granular level, letting users
pay only for the resources and workloads they use.

 Workload resilience. CSPs often deploy redundant resources to ensure

resilient storage and to keep users' important workloads running -- often across
multiple global regions.
 Migration flexibility. Organizations can move certain workloads to or from the
cloud or to different cloud platforms automatically.

 Broad network access. A user can access cloud data or upload data to the
cloud from anywhere with an internet connection using any device.

 Multi-tenancy and resource pooling. Multi-tenancy lets several customers

share the same physical infrastructures or the same applications, yet still retain
privacy and security over their own data. With resource pooling, cloud
providers service numerous customers from the same physical resources. The
resource pools of the cloud providers should be large and flexible enough so
they can service the requirements of multiple customers.

 Security. Security is integral in cloud computing and most providers prioritize

the application and maintenance of security measures to ensure confidentiality,
integrity and availability of data being hosted on their platforms. Along with
strong security features, providers also offer various compliance certifications
to ensure that their services adhere to industry standards and regulations.
What are the benefits of cloud computing?
Cloud computing provides a variety of benefits for modern business, including the
following:

 Cost management. Using cloud infrastructure can reduce capital costs, as

organizations don't have to spend massive amounts of money buying and
maintaining equipment, investing in hardware, facilities or utilities, or building
large data centers to accommodate their growing businesses. In addition,
companies don't need large IT teams to handle cloud data center operations
because they can rely on the expertise of their cloud providers' teams. Cloud
computing also cuts costs related to downtime. Since downtime rarely happens
in cloud computing, companies don't have to spend time and money to fix
issues that might be related to downtime.

 Data and workload mobility. Storing information in the cloud means users
can access it from anywhere with any device with just an internet connection.
That means users don't have to carry around USB drives, an external hard drive
or multiple CDs to access their data. They can access corporate data via
 smartphones and other mobile devices, letting remote employees stay current
with co-workers and customers. End users can easily process, store, retrieve
and recover resources in the cloud. In addition, cloud vendors provide all the
upgrades and updates automatically, saving time and effort.

 Business continuity and disaster recovery (BCDR). All organizations worry

about data loss. Storing data in the cloud guarantees that users can always
access their data even if their devices, such as laptops or smartphones, are
inoperable. With cloud-based services, organizations can quickly recover their
data in the event of natural disasters or power outages. This benefits BCDR and
helps ensure that workloads and data are available even if the business suffers
damage or disruption.

 Speed and agility. Cloud computing facilitates rapid deployment of

applications and services, letting developers swiftly provision resources and
test new ideas. This eliminates the need for time-consuming hardware
procurement processes, thereby accelerating time to market.

 Environmental sustainability. By maximizing resource utilization, cloud

computing can help to promote environmental sustainability. Cloud providers
can save energy costs and reduce their carbon footprint by consolidating
workloads onto shared infrastructure. These providers often operate large-scale
data centers designed for energy efficiency.
What are the disadvantages of cloud computing?
Despite the clear upsides to relying on cloud services, cloud computing has its own
challenges for IT professionals:

 Cloud security. Security is often considered the greatest challenge

organizations face with cloud computing. When relying on the cloud,
organizations risk data breaches, hacking of APIs and interfaces, compromised
credentials and authentication issues. Furthermore, there's a lack of
transparency regarding how and where sensitive information entrusted to the
cloud provider is handled. Security demands careful attention to cloud
configurations and business policy and practice.
 Unpredictable costs. Pay-as-you-go subscription plans for cloud use, along
with scaling resources to accommodate fluctuating workload demands, can
make it difficult to define and predict final costs. Cloud costs are also
frequently interdependent, with one cloud service often using one or more other
cloud services -- all of which appear in the recurring monthly bill. This can
create additional unplanned cloud costs.

 Lack of expertise. With cloud-supporting technologies rapidly advancing,

organizations are struggling to keep up with the growing demand for tools
and employees with the proper skills and knowledge needed to architect,
deploy and manage workloads and data in a cloud.

 IT governance difficulties. The emphasis on do-it-yourself in cloud computing

can make IT governance difficult, as there's no control over provisioning,
deprovisioning and management of infrastructure operations. This can make it
challenging for organizations to properly manage risks and security, IT
compliance and data quality.

 Compliance with industry laws. When transferring data from on-premises

local storage into cloud storage, it can be difficult to manage compliance with
industry regulations through a third party. It's important to know where data
and workloads are actually hosted to maintain regulatory compliance and
proper business governance.

 Management of multiple clouds. Every cloud is different, so multi-cloud

deployments can disjoint efforts to address more general cloud computing
challenges.

 Cloud performance. Performance -- such as latency -- is largely beyond the

control of the organization contracting cloud services with a provider. Network
and provider outages can interfere with productivity and disrupt business
processes if organizations aren't prepared with contingency plans.

 Cloud migration. The process of moving applications and other data to the
cloud often causes complications. Migration projects frequently take longer
than anticipated and go over budget. The issue of workload and data
repatriation -- moving from the cloud back to a local data center -- is often
overlooked until unforeseen costs or performance problems arise.
 Vendor lock-in. Often, switching between cloud providers can cause
significant issues. This includes technical incompatibilities, legal and
regulatory limitations and substantial costs incurred from sizable data
migrations.
Cloud computing examples
Cloud computing has evolved and diversified into a wide array of offerings and
capabilities designed to suit almost any conceivable business need. Examples of
cloud computing capabilities and diversity include the following:

 Google Docs, Microsoft 365. Users can access Google Docs and Microsoft
365 via the internet. Users can be more productive because they can access
work presentations and spreadsheets stored in the cloud anytime from
anywhere on any device.

 Email, Calendar, Skype, WhatsApp. Emails, calendars, Skype

and WhatsApp take advantage of the cloud's ability to provide users with
access to data remotely so they can examine their data on any device, whenever
and wherever they want.

 Zoom. Zoom is a cloud-based software platform for video and audio

conferencing that records meetings and saves them to the cloud, letting users
access them anywhere and at any time. Another common communication and
collaboration platform is Microsoft Teams.

 AWS Lambda. Lambda lets developers run code for applications or back-end
services without having to provision or manage servers. The pay-as-you-go
model constantly scales with an organization to accommodate real-time
changes in data usage and data storage. Other examples of major cloud
providers that also support serverless computing capabilities include Google
Cloud Functions and Microsoft Azure Functions.

 Salesforce. Salesforce is a cloud-centric customer relationship

management platform designed to assist businesses in overseeing their sales,
marketing and customer service operations.
Cloud computing use cases
How is the cloud actually used? The myriad services and capabilities found in
modern public clouds have been applied across countless use cases, such as the
following:

 Testing and development. Ready-made, tailored environments can expedite

timelines and milestones.

 Production workload hosting. Organizations are using the public cloud to

host live production workloads. This requires careful design and architecture of
cloud resources and services needed to create an adequate operational
environment for the workload and its required level of resilience.

 Big data analytics. Remote data centers through cloud storage are flexible and
scalable and can provide valuable data-driven insights. Major cloud providers
offer services tailored to big data analytics and projects, such as Amazon EMR
and Google Cloud Dataproc.

 IaaS. IaaS lets companies host IT infrastructures and access compute, storage
and network capabilities in a scalable manner. Pay-as-you-go subscription
models are cost-effective, as they can help companies save on upfront IT costs.

 PaaS. PaaS can help companies develop, run and manage applications more
easily and flexibly, at a lower cost than maintaining a platform on premises.
PaaS services can also increase the development speed for applications and
enable higher-level programming.

 Hybrid cloud. Organizations have the option to use the appropriate cloud --
private or public -- for different workloads and applications to optimize cost
and efficiency according to the circumstance.

 Multi-cloud. Using multiple different cloud services from separate cloud

providers can help subscribers find the best cloud service fit for diverse
workloads with specific requirements.

 Storage. Large amounts of data can be stored remotely and accessed easily.
Clients only have to pay for storage that they actually use.

 Disaster recovery. Cloud offers faster recovery than traditional on-

premises DR. Furthermore, it's offered at lower costs.
 Data backup. Cloud backup options are generally easier to use. Users don't
have to worry about availability and computing capacity, and the cloud
provider manages data security.

 Artificial intelligence as a service. Cloud computing lets individuals without

formal knowledge or expertise in data sciences reap the benefits of AIaaS. For
example, a web developer might create a facial recognition app with their web
development skills. AI is available as a service in the cloud and accessible via
the API. This lets users automate routine tasks, saving time and personnel costs.
Businesses can also enhance decision-making by using AI to predict outcomes
based on historical datasets.

 Internet of things. Cloud computing simplifies the processing and

management of data from IoT devices. Cloud platforms offer the scalability and
processing capacity required to handle the enormous amounts of data produced
by IoT devices, facilitating real-time analytics and decision-making. For
example, an IoT device system such as Google Nest or Amazon Alexa can
collect data on how much energy is used inside a smart home. The device can
then use cloud computing to analyze the gathered data and make
recommendations to the homeowner on how to reduce energy consumption.
Cloud computing vs. traditional web hosting
Given the many different services and capabilities of the public cloud, there has
been some confusion between cloud computing and major uses, such as web
hosting. While the public cloud is often used for web hosting, the two are quite
different. Significant innovations in virtualization and distributed computing, as
well as improved access to high-speed internet, have accelerated interest in cloud
computing.

The distinct characteristics of cloud computing that differentiate it from traditional

web hosting include the following:

1. With cloud computing, users can access large amounts of computing power on
demand. It's typically sold by the minute or the hour. With traditional hosting,
users typically pay for a set amount of storage and processing power. Since
 resources are limited, businesses can look into virtual private servers or
dedicated hosting as their business and demands grow.

2. Cloud computing is elastic, meaning users can have as much or as little of a

service as they want at any given time. However, with traditional hosting,
scalability is often constrained, particularly in shared hosting. Shared hosting
involves multiple websites sharing resources on a single server, potentially
causing performance issues and slower website speeds if one site encounters a
sudden surge in traffic.

3. Service is fully managed by the provider on cloud computing platforms; the

consumer needs nothing but a PC and internet access. While shared traditional
hosting is also fully managed by the provider, typically users are required to
control their website from a user-friendly interface such as cPanel.

4. In comparison to traditional hosting, cloud hosting is more reliable. Cloud

providers maintain redundant infrastructure and operate across numerous data
centers, reducing downtime and increasing availability. Traditional hosting, on
the other hand, is based on a single server, making it more prone to hardware
failures and higher downtime threats.

5. Both cloud hosting and traditional hosting entail security considerations. Cloud
hosting providers invest significantly in security measures to safeguard data
and infrastructure. However, certain organizations might find traditional
hosting more suitable, as it provides greater control over security measures and
can accommodate specific security requirements.
Cloud computing service providers
The cloud service market has no shortage of providers. The three largest public
CSPs -- AWS, GCP and Microsoft Azure -- have established themselves as
dominant players in the industry. According to the Synergy Research Group, at the
end of 2022, these three vendors made up 66% of the worldwide cloud
infrastructure market.

Other major CSPs include the following:

 Alibaba.
 Citrix.

 IBM.

 Oracle.

 Rackspace.

 Salesforce.

 SAP.

 VMware.

When selecting a cloud service vendor, organizations should consider certain

things. First, the actual suite of services can vary between providers, and business
users must select a provider offering services -- such as big data analytics or AI
services -- that support the intended use case.

Though cloud services typically rely on a pay-per-use model, different providers

often have variations in their pricing plans to consider. Furthermore, if the cloud
provider will be storing sensitive data, an organization should also consider the
physical location of the provider's servers.

Naturally, reliability and security should be top priorities. A provider's service-

level agreement should specify a level of service uptime that's satisfactory to client
business needs. When considering different cloud vendors, organizations should
pay close attention to what technologies and configuration settings are used to
secure sensitive information.

Cloud computing security

Security remains a primary concern for businesses contemplating cloud adoption --
especially public cloud adoption. Public CSPs share their underlying hardware
infrastructure between numerous customers, as the public cloud is a multi-tenant
environment. This environment demands significant isolation between logical
compute resources. At the same time, access to public cloud storage and compute
resources is guarded by account login credentials.
Many organizations bound by complex regulatory obligations and governance
standards are still hesitant to place data or workloads in the public cloud for fear of
outages, loss or theft. However, this resistance is fading, as logical isolation has
proven reliable and the addition of data encryption and various identity and access
management tools have improved security within the public cloud.

Ultimately, the responsibility for establishing and maintaining a secure cloud

environment falls to the individual business user who is responsible for building
the workload's architecture -- the combination of cloud resources and services in
which the workload runs -- and using the security features that the cloud provider
offers.

History of cloud computing

The history and evolution of cloud computing date back to the 1950s and 1960s.

 1950s. Companies started using large mainframe computers, but due to the
expense, not every organization could afford to purchase one. So, during the
late 1950s and early 1960s, a process called time sharing was developed to
make more efficient use of expensive processor time on the central mainframe.
Time sharing lets users access numerous instances of computing mainframes
simultaneously, maximizing processing power and minimizing downtime. This
idea represents the first use of shared computing resources, the foundation of
modern cloud computing.

 1960s. The origins of delivering computing resources using a global network

are, for the most part, rooted in 1969 when American computer scientist J.C.R.
Licklider helped create the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, the
so-called precursor to the internet. Licklider's goal was to connect computers
across the globe in a way that would let users access programs and information
from any location.

 1970s. Cloud computing began to take a more tangible shape with the
introduction of the first VMs, letting users run more than one computing system
within a single physical setup. The functionality of these VMs led to the
concept of virtualization, which had a major influence on the progress of cloud
computing.
 1980s. In the 1970s and 1980s, Microsoft, Apple and IBM developed
technologies that enhanced the cloud environment and advanced the use of
cloud server and server hosting.

 1990s. In 1999, Salesforce became the first company to deliver business

applications from a website.

 2000s. In 2006, Amazon launched AWS, providing services like computing and
storage in the cloud. Following suit, the other major tech players, including
Microsoft and Google, launched their own cloud offerings to compete with
AWS.

 2010s. Microsoft launched Azure in 2010 and Office 365 in 2011. Also,
the Docker container technology was first released in this
decade. Microservices and serverless platforms were also introduced in this
timeframe when the Google App Engine was launched in 2008, followed by
AWS Lambda in 2015.

 2020 and beyond. The growth of serverless computing is anticipated to

continue and edge computing will become more and more significant in the
upcoming years. Edge computing devices are expected to improve and become
more interconnected as AI and machine learning technologies advance.
Key points in the evolution and emergence of modern cloud computing.
Future of cloud computing and emerging
technologies
Cloud computing is expected to see substantial breakthroughs and the adoption of
new technologies. Back in its "2020 Data Attack Surface Report," Arcserve
predicted that there will be 200 zettabytes of data stored in the cloud by 2025.

Some major trends and key points that are shaping the future of cloud computing
include the following:

 Organizations are increasingly migrating mission-critical workloads to public

clouds. One reason for this shift is that business executives who want to ensure
that their companies can compete in the new world of digital transformation are
demanding the public cloud.
 Business leaders are also looking to the public cloud to take advantage of its
elasticity, modernize internal computer systems, and empower critical business
units and their DevOps teams. Cloud providers, such as IBM and VMware, are
concentrating on meeting the needs of enterprise IT, in part by removing the
barriers to public cloud adoption that caused IT decision-makers to shy away
from fully embracing the public cloud previously.

 Generally, when contemplating cloud adoption, many enterprises have mainly

focused on new cloud-native applications -- that is, designing and building
applications specifically intended to use cloud services. They haven't been
willing to move their most mission-critical apps into the public cloud.
However, these organizations are beginning to realize that the cloud is ready for
the enterprise if they select the right cloud platforms.

 Cloud providers are locked in ongoing competition for cloud market share, so
the public cloud continues to evolve, expand and diversify its range of services.
This has resulted in public IaaS providers offering more than common compute
and storage instances. For example, serverless, or event-driven, computing is a
cloud service that executes specific functions, such as image processing and
database updates. Traditional cloud deployments require users to establish a
compute instance and load code into that instance. Then, the user decides how
long to run -- and pay for -- that instance. With serverless computing,
developers simply create code and the cloud provider loads and executes that
code in response to real-world events so users don't have to worry about the
server or instance aspect of the cloud deployment. Users only pay for the
number of transactions that the function executes. AWS Lambda, Google
Cloud Functions and Azure Functions are examples of serverless computing
services.

 Public cloud computing also lends itself well to big data processing, which
demands enormous compute resources for relatively short durations. Cloud
providers have responded with big data services, including Google BigQuery
for large-scale data warehousing and Microsoft Azure Data Lake Analytics for
processing huge data sets.

 Another crop of emerging cloud technologies and services relates to AI and

machine learning. These technologies provide a range of cloud-based, ready-to-
 use AI and machine learning services for client needs. Examples of these
services include Amazon Machine Learning, Amazon Lex, Amazon Polly,
Google Cloud Machine Learning Engine and Google Cloud Speech API.

 The connection between blockchain and cloud computing is poised to

strengthen, as companies recognize blockchain's potential to improve
operational efficiency, security and transparency. This trend is further
supported by increased investment and the expansion of blockchain-as-a-
service platforms.

When contemplating a move to the cloud, businesses must assess key factors such
as latency, bandwidth, quality of service and security.

Cloud Deployment Models

Pre-Requisite: Cloud Computing
In cloud computing, we have access to a shared pool of computer resources (servers,
storage, programs, and so on) in the cloud. You simply need to request additional
resources when you require them. Getting resources up and running quickly is a breeze
thanks to the clouds. It is possible to release resources that are no longer necessary. This
method allows you to just pay for what you use. Your cloud provider is in charge of all
upkeep.

What is a Cloud Deployment Model?

Cloud Deployment Model functions as a virtual computing environment with a
deployment architecture that varies depending on the amount of data you want to store
and who has access to the infrastructure.

Types of Cloud Computing Deployment Models

The cloud deployment model identifies the specific type of cloud environment based on
ownership, scale, and access, as well as the cloud’s nature and purpose. The location of
the servers you’re utilizing and who controls them are defined by a cloud deployment
model. It specifies how your cloud infrastructure will look, what you can change, and
whether you will be given services or will have to create everything yourself.
Relationships between the infrastructure and your users are also defined by cloud
deployment types. Different types of cloud computing deployment models are
described below.
 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
 Community Cloud
 Multi-Cloud
Public Cloud
The public cloud makes it possible for anybody to access systems and services. The
public cloud may be less secure as it is open to everyone. The public cloud is one in
which cloud infrastructure services are provided over the internet to the general people
or major industry groups. The infrastructure in this cloud model is owned by the entity
that delivers the cloud services, not by the consumer. It is a type of cloud hosting that
allows customers and users to easily access systems and services. This form of cloud
computing is an excellent example of cloud hosting, in which service providers supply
services to a variety of customers. In this arrangement, storage backup and retrieval
services are given for free, as a subscription, or on a per-user basis. For example, Google
App Engine etc.

Public Cloud

Advantages of the Public Cloud Model

 Minimal Investment: Because it is a pay-per-use service, there is no substantial
upfront fee, making it excellent for enterprises that require immediate access to
resources.
 No setup cost: The entire infrastructure is fully subsidized by the cloud service
providers, thus there is no need to set up any hardware.
 Infrastructure Management is not required: Using the public cloud does not
necessitate infrastructure management.
 No maintenance: The maintenance work is done by the service provider (not users).
 Dynamic Scalability: To fulfill your company’s needs, on-demand resources are
accessible.
Disadvantages of the Public Cloud Model
 Less secure: Public cloud is less secure as resources are public so there is no
guarantee of high-level security.
 Low customization: It is accessed by many public so it can’t be customized
according to personal requirements.
Private Cloud
The private cloud deployment model is the exact opposite of the public cloud
deployment model. It’s a one-on-one environment for a single user (customer). There
is no need to share your hardware with anyone else. The distinction between private and
public clouds is in how you handle all of the hardware. It is also called the “internal
cloud” & it refers to the ability to access systems and services within a given border or
organization. The cloud platform is implemented in a cloud-based secure environment
that is protected by powerful firewalls and under the supervision of an organization’s
IT department. The private cloud gives greater flexibility of control over cloud
resources.

Private Cloud

Advantages of the Private Cloud Model

 Better Control: You are the sole owner of the property. You gain complete
command over service integration, IT operations, policies, and user behavior.
 Data Security and Privacy: It’s suitable for storing corporate information to which
only authorized staff have access. By segmenting resources within the same
infrastructure, improved access and security can be achieved.
 Supports Legacy Systems: This approach is designed to work with legacy systems
that are unable to access the public cloud.
 Customization: Unlike a public cloud deployment, a private cloud allows a
company to tailor its solution to meet its specific needs.
Disadvantages of the Private Cloud Model
 Less scalable: Private clouds are scaled within a certain range as there is less
number of clients.
 Costly: Private clouds are more costly as they provide personalized facilities.
Hybrid Cloud
By bridging the public and private worlds with a layer of proprietary software, hybrid
cloud computing gives the best of both worlds. With a hybrid solution, you may host
the app in a safe environment while taking advantage of the public cloud’s cost savings.
Organizations can move data and applications between different clouds using a
combination of two or more cloud deployment methods, depending on their needs.

Hybrid Cloud

Advantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model

 Flexibility and control: Businesses with more flexibility can design personalized
solutions that meet their particular needs.
 Cost: Because public clouds provide scalability, you’ll only be responsible for
paying for the extra capacity if you require it.
 Security: Because data is properly separated, the chances of data theft by attackers
are considerably reduced.
Disadvantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model
 Difficult to manage: Hybrid clouds are difficult to manage as it is a combination of
both public and private cloud. So, it is complex.
 Slow data transmission: Data transmission in the hybrid cloud takes place through
the public cloud so latency occurs.
Community Cloud
It allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of organizations. It is a
distributed system that is created by integrating the services of different clouds to
address the specific needs of a community, industry, or business. The infrastructure of
the community could be shared between the organization which has shared concerns or
tasks. It is generally managed by a third party or by the combination of one or more
organizations in the community.
 Community Cloud

Advantages of the Community Cloud Model

 Cost Effective: It is cost-effective because the cloud is shared by multiple
organizations or communities.
 Security: Community cloud provides better security.
 Shared resources: It allows you to share resources, infrastructure, etc. with
multiple organizations.
 Collaboration and data sharing: It is suitable for both collaboration and data
sharing.
Disadvantages of the Community Cloud Model
 Limited Scalability: Community cloud is relatively less scalable as many
organizations share the same resources according to their collaborative interests.
 Rigid in customization: As the data and resources are shared among different
organizations according to their mutual interests if an organization wants some
changes according to their needs they cannot do so because it will have an impact
on other organizations.
Multi-Cloud
We’re talking about employing multiple cloud providers at the same time under this
paradigm, as the name implies. It’s similar to the hybrid cloud deployment approach,
which combines public and private cloud resources. Instead of merging private and
public clouds, multi-cloud uses many public clouds. Although public cloud providers
provide numerous tools to improve the reliability of their services, mishaps still occur.
It’s quite rare that two distinct clouds would have an incident at the same moment. As
a result, multi-cloud deployment improves the high availability of your services even
more.

Multi-Cloud
Advantages of the Multi-Cloud Model
 You can mix and match the best features of each cloud provider’s services to suit
the demands of your apps, workloads, and business by choosing different cloud
providers.
 Reduced Latency: To reduce latency and improve user experience, you can choose
cloud regions and zones that are close to your clients.
 High availability of service: It’s quite rare that two distinct clouds would have an
incident at the same moment. So, the multi-cloud deployment improves the high
availability of your services.
Disadvantages of the Multi-Cloud Model
 Complex: The combination of many clouds makes the system complex and
bottlenecks may occur.
 Security issue: Due to the complex structure, there may be loopholes to which a
hacker can take advantage hence, makes the data insecure.
What is the Right Choice for Cloud Deployment Model?
As of now, no such approach fits picking a cloud deployment model. We will always
consider the best cloud deployment model as per our requirements. Here are some
factors which should be considered before choosing the best deployment model.
 Cost: Cost is an important factor for the cloud deployment model as it tells how
much amount you want to pay for these things.
 Scalability: Scalability tells about the current activity status and how much we can
scale it.
 Easy to use: It tells how much your resources are trained and how easily can you
manage these models.
 Compliance: Compliance tells about the laws and regulations which impact the
implementation of the model.
 Privacy: Privacy tells about what data you gather for the model.
Each model has some advantages and some disadvantages, and the selection of the best
is only done on the basis of your requirement. If your requirement changes, you can
switch to any other model.

Overall Analysis of Cloud Deployment Models

The overall Analysis of these models with respect to different factors is described
below.

Private Community Hybrid

Factors Public Cloud Cloud Cloud Cloud

Complex, Complex, Complex,

requires a requires a requires a
Initial Setup Easy
professional professional professional
team to setup team to setup team to setup
 Private Community Hybrid
Factors Public Cloud Cloud Cloud Cloud

Scalability
and High High Fixed High
Flexibility

Distributed cost Between

Cost-
Cost-Effective Costly among public and
Comparison
members private cloud

Reliability Low Low High High

Data
Low High High High
Security

Data
Low High High High
Privacy

Models of Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing helps in rendering several services according to roles, companies,
etc. Cloud computing models are explained below.
 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
 Platform as a service (PaaS)
 Software as a service (SaaS)

1. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) helps in delivering computer infrastructure on an

external basis for supporting operations. Generally, IaaS provides services to
networking equipment, devices, databases, and web servers.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) helps large organizations, and large enterprises in
managing and building their IT platforms. This infrastructure is flexible according to
the needs of the client.
Advantages of IaaS
 IaaS is cost-effective as it eliminates capital expenses.
 IaaS cloud provider provides better security than any other software.
 IaaS provides remote access.
Disadvantages of IaaS
 In IaaS, users have to secure their own data and applications.
 Cloud computing is not accessible in some regions of the World.

2. Platform as a service (PaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a type of cloud computing that helps developers to build
applications and services over the Internet by providing them with a platform.
PaaS helps in maintaining control over their business applications.
Advantages of PaaS
 PaaS is simple and very much convenient for the user as it can be accessed via a
web browser.
 PaaS has the capabilities to efficiently manage the lifecycle.
Disadvantages of PaaS
 PaaS has limited control over infrastructure as they have less control over the
environment and are not able to make some customizations.
 PaaS has a high dependence on the provider.

3. Software as a service (SaaS)

Software as a Service (SaaS) is a type of cloud computing model that is the work of
delivering services and applications over the Internet. The SaaS applications are called
Web-Based Software or Hosted Software.
SaaS has around 60 percent of cloud solutions and due to this, it is mostly preferred by
companies.
Advantages of SaaS
 SaaS can access app data from anywhere on the Internet.
 SaaS provides easy access to features and services.
Disadvantages of SaaS
 SaaS solutions have limited customization, which means they have some restrictions
within the platform.
 SaaS has little control over the data of the user.
 SaaS are generally cloud-based, they require a stable internet connection for proper
working.
For more, you can refer to Cloud-Based Services.
FAQs:
1. List the disadvantages of the public cloud model?
Answer:
The disadvantages of the public cloud model are:
 Data Security and Privacy Concerns: Because it is open to the public, it does not
provide complete protection against cyber-attacks and may expose weaknesses.
 Issues with Reliability: Because the same server network is accessible to a wide
range of users, it is susceptible to failure and outages.
 Limitation on Service/License: While there are numerous resources that you may
share with renters, there is a limit on how much you can use.
2. List the disadvantages of the hybrid cloud model?
Answer:
The disadvantages of the hybrid cloud model are:
 Maintenance: A hybrid cloud computing strategy may necessitate additional
maintenance, resulting in a greater operational expense for your company.
 Difficult Integration: When constructing a hybrid cloud, data, and application
integration might be difficult. It’s also true that combining two or more
infrastructures will offset a significant upfront cost.
3. List the disadvantages of the private cloud model?
Answer:
The disadvantages of the private cloud model are
 Restricted Scalability: Private clouds have restricted scalability because they are
scaled within the confines of internally hosted resources. The choice of underlying
hardware has an impact on scalability.
 Higher Cost: Due to the benefits you would receive, your investment will be higher
than the public cloud(pay for software, hardware, staffing, etc).
4. What is utility computing?
Answer:
Utility computing is a service-providing paradigm in which a service provider makes
computing resources and infrastructure management available to customers as needed,
charging them on a per-use basis rather than a set fee.
The user can only pay for what they use using utility computing. It is a plug-in that is
administered by an organization that determines what kind of cloud services must be
deployed. The majority of businesses prefer a hybrid strategy.
5. How to secure data while transferring?
Answer:
To keep your data safe while being transported from one location to another, be sure
the encryption key used with the data you’re transferring isn’t leaking.

Types of Cloud
1. Public cloud
2. Private cloud
3. Hybrid cloud
4. Community cloud
5. Multicloud
Public Cloud
Public clouds are managed by third parties which provide cloud services over
the internet to the public, these services are available as pay-as-you-go
billing models.
They offer solutions for minimizing IT infrastructure costs and become a
good option for handling peak loads on the local infrastructure. Public clouds
are the go-to option for small enterprises, which can start their businesses
without large upfront investments by completely relying on public
infrastructure for their IT needs.
The fundamental characteristics of public clouds are multitenancy. A public
cloud is meant to serve multiple users, not a single customer. A user
requires a virtual computing environment that is separated, and most likely
isolated, from other users.

Public cloud

Advantages of using a Public cloud are:

1. High Scalability
2. Cost Reduction
3. Reliability and flexibility
4. Disaster Recovery
Disadvantages of using a Public cloud are:
1. Loss of control over data
2. Data security and privacy
3. Limited Visibility
4. Unpredictable cost
Private cloud
Private clouds are distributed systems that work on private infrastructure and
provide the users with dynamic provisioning of computing resources. Instead
of a pay-as-you-go model in private clouds, there could be other schemes
that manage the usage of the cloud and proportionally billing of the different
departments or sections of an enterprise. Private cloud providers are HP
Data Centers, Ubuntu, Elastic-Private cloud, Microsoft, etc.

Private Cloud

The advantages of using a private cloud are as follows:

1. Customer information protection: In the private cloud security concerns

are less since customer data and other sensitive information do not flow
out of private infrastructure.
2. Infrastructure ensuring SLAs: Private cloud provides specific
operations such as appropriate clustering, data replication, system
monitoring, and maintenance, disaster recovery, and other uptime
services.
3. Compliance with standard procedures and operations: Specific
procedures have to be put in place when deploying and executing
applications according to third-party compliance standards. This is not
possible in the case of the public cloud.
Disadvantages of using a private cloud are:
1. The restricted area of operations: Private cloud is accessible within a
particular area. So the area of accessibility is restricted.
2. Expertise requires: In the private cloud security concerns are less since
customer data and other sensitive information do not flow out of private
infrastructure. Hence skilled people are required to manage & operate
cloud services.
Hybrid cloud:
A hybrid cloud is a heterogeneous distributed system formed by combining
facilities of the public cloud and private cloud. For this reason, they are also
called heterogeneous clouds.
A major drawback of private deployments is the inability to scale on-demand
and efficiently address peak loads. Here public clouds are needed. Hence, a
hybrid cloud takes advantage of both public and private clouds.

Hybrid Cloud

Advantages of using a Hybrid cloud are:

1) Cost: Available at a cheap cost than other clouds because it is formed by

a distributed system.
2) Speed: It is efficiently fast with lower cost, It reduces the latency of the
data transfer process.
3) Security: Most important thing is security. A hybrid cloud is totally safe
and secure because it works on the distributed system network.
Disadvantages of using a Hybrid cloud are:
1. It’s possible that businesses lack the internal knowledge necessary to
create such a hybrid environment. Managing security may also be more
challenging. Different access levels and security considerations may
apply in each environment.
2. Managing a hybrid cloud may be more difficult. With all of the alternatives
and choices available today, not to mention the new PaaS components
and technologies that will be released every day going forward, public
cloud and migration to public cloud are already complicated enough. It
could just feel like a step too far to include hybrid.
Community cloud:
Community clouds are distributed systems created by integrating the
services of different clouds to address the specific needs of an industry, a
community, or a business sector. But sharing responsibilities among the
organizations is difficult.
In the community cloud, the infrastructure is shared between organizations
that have shared concerns or tasks. An organization or a third party may
manage the cloud.

Community Cloud

Advantages of using Community cloud are:

1. Because the entire cloud is shared by numerous enterprises or a

community, community clouds are cost-effective.
2. Because it works with every user, the community cloud is adaptable and
scalable. Users can alter the documents according to their needs and
requirements.
3. Public cloud is less secure than the community cloud, which is more
secure than private cloud.
4. Thanks to community clouds, we may share cloud resources,
infrastructure, and other capabilities between different enterprises.
Disadvantages of using Community cloud are:
1. Not all businesses should choose community cloud.
2. gradual adoption of data
3. It’s challenging for corporations to share duties.

Sectors that use community clouds are:

1. Media industry: Media companies are looking for quick, simple, low-cost
ways for increasing the efficiency of content generation. Most media
productions involve an extended ecosystem of partners. In particular, the
creation of digital content is the outcome of a collaborative process that
includes the movement of large data, massive compute-intensive rendering
tasks, and complex workflow executions.
2. Healthcare industry: In the healthcare industry community clouds are
used to share information and knowledge on the global level with sensitive
data in the private infrastructure.
3. Energy and core industry: In these sectors, the community cloud is used
to cluster a set of solution which collectively addresses the management,
deployment, and orchestration of services and operations.
4. Scientific research: In this organization with common interests in science
share a large distributed infrastructure for scientific computing.

Multicloud

Multicloud is the use of multiple cloud computing services from different

providers, which allows organizations to use the best-suited services for their
specific needs and avoid vendor lock-in.
This allows organizations to take advantage of the different features and
capabilities offered by different cloud providers.
Advantages of using multi-cloud:
1. Flexibility: Using multiple cloud providers allows organizations to choose
the best-suited services for their specific needs, and avoid vendor lock-in.
2. Cost-effectiveness: Organizations can take advantage of the cost savings
and pricing benefits offered by different cloud providers for different
services.
3. Improved performance: By distributing workloads across multiple cloud
providers, organizations can improve the performance and availability of
their applications and services.
4. Increased security: Organizations can increase the security of their data
and applications by spreading them across multiple cloud providers and
implementing different security strategies for each.

Disadvantages of using multi-cloud:

1. Complexity: Managing multiple cloud providers and services can be

complex and require specialized knowledge and expertise.
2. Increased costs: The cost of managing multiple cloud providers and
services can be higher than using a single provider.
3. Compatibility issues: Different cloud providers may use different
technologies and standards, which can cause compatibility issues and
require additional resources to resolve.
4. Limited interoperability: Different cloud providers may not be able to
interoperate seamlessly, which can limit the ability to move data and
applications between them.

Difference Between Public Cloud and Private

Cloud
Cloud computing is a way of providing IT infrastructure to customers, it is not
just a set of products to be implemented. For any service to be a cloud service,
the following five criteria need to be fulfilled as follows:
1. On-demand self-service: Decision of starting and stopping service
depends on customers without direct interaction with providers.
2. Broad Network Access: Service must be available to any device using
any network.
3. Resource Pooling: Provider creates a pool of resources and dynamically
allocates them to customers.
4. Rapid Elasticity: The services provided by the provider must be easily
expandable and quick.
5. Measured Services: Provider must measure the usage of service and
charge it accordingly. Tracking usage is also helpful in improving
services.
1. Public Cloud:
Computing in which service provider makes all resources public over the
internet. It is connected to the public Internet. Service provider serves
resources such as virtual machines, applications, storage, etc to the general
public over the internet. It may be free of cost or with minimal pay-per-usage.
It is available for public display, Google uses the cloud to run some of its
applications like google docs, google drive or YouTube, etc.
It is the most common way of implementing cloud computing. The external
cloud service provider owns, operates, and delivers it over the public
network.
It is best for the companies which need an infrastructure to accommodate a
large number of customers and work on projects which have diverse
organizations i.e. research institutions and NGOs etc.

Public Cloud Advantages:

 Scalability: Public cloud services are designed to be scalable, which
means you can easily add or remove resources as needed.
 Cost-Effective: Public cloud providers typically offer a pay-as-you-go
model, which allows you to only pay for the resources you use, making it
cost-effective.
 Accessibility: Public cloud services are accessible from anywhere with an
internet connection, which makes it easy to access data and applications
from anywhere in the world.
 Reliability: Public cloud providers usually have multiple data centers
across different locations, which ensures high availability and reliability.
Public Cloud Disadvantages:
 Security: Since public cloud services are available to anyone with an
internet connection, there is a risk of unauthorized access or data
breaches.
 Control: Public cloud providers have control over the infrastructure and
services, which means you have limited control over how your data is
stored and managed.
 Compliance: Compliance requirements can be a challenge for public
cloud users since they have to comply with the regulations and standards
that apply to the cloud provider.
2. Private Cloud:
Computing in which service provider does not makes all resources public
over the internet. It only supports connectivity over the private network. It has
only authentic users and single-occupant architecture. Google back-end data
of the applications like Google Drive, Google docs, YouTube, etc are not
available to the public, these types of data and applications run on a private
cloud.
The infrastructure and services are maintained and deployed over a private
network; hardware and software are dedicated only to a private company i.e.
members of the special entity.
It is best for the companies which need an infrastructure that has high
performance, high security, and privacy due to its best adaptability and
flexibility.
Private Cloud Advantages:
 Control: Private cloud users have full control over the infrastructure and
services, which means they can customize the environment to their
specific needs.
 Security: Private cloud services are typically more secure since they are
only accessible to authorized users.
 Compliance: Private cloud users have more control over compliance
requirements since they can customize the environment to meet specific
regulatory requirements.
 Customization: Private cloud users can customize the environment to
their specific needs, which means they can optimize performance and
efficiency.
Private Cloud Disadvantages:
 Cost: Private cloud services can be more expensive than public cloud
services since they require a dedicated infrastructure.
 Maintenance: Private cloud users are responsible for maintaining and
updating the infrastructure, which can be time-consuming and costly.
 Scalability: Private cloud services can be less scalable than public cloud
services, which means they may not be able to handle sudden spikes in
demand.

similarities between Public Cloud and Private Cloud, which

include:

 Virtualization: Both Public Cloud and Private Cloud use virtualization

technologies to create virtual machines, which enables them to maximize
the use of physical hardware and resources.
 Automation: Both Public Cloud and Private Cloud use automation tools to
manage and provision resources, which helps to streamline operations
and improve efficiency.
 High Availability: Both Public Cloud and Private Cloud are designed to
provide high availability and reliability, with multiple data centers,
redundant systems, and failover mechanisms to minimize downtime.
 Scalability: Both Public Cloud and Private Cloud are designed to be
scalable, which allows users to easily add or remove resources as
needed to meet changing demands.
 Resource Pooling: Both Public Cloud and Private Cloud utilize resource
pooling, where multiple users or applications share resources such as
storage, networking, and computing power.
 Service-oriented Architecture: Both Public Cloud and Private Cloud use a
service-oriented architecture (SOA), where resources are provided as
services that can be accessed and used by multiple applications or users.

Below is a table of differences between Public Cloud and Private

Cloud is as follows:

Public Cloud Private Cloud

Cloud Computing infrastructure is

Cloud Computing infrastructure is shared with
shared with private organizations
the public by service providers over the
by service providers over the
internet. It supports multiple customers i.e,
internet. It supports one
enterprises.
enterprise.

Multi-Tenancy i.e, Data of many enterprises are Single Tenancy i.e, Data of a single
stored in a shared environment but are isolated. enterprise is stored.
 Public Cloud Private Cloud

Data is shared as per rule, permission, and

security.

Cloud service provider provides all the possible

services and hardware as the user-base is the Specific services and hardware as
world. Different people and organizations may per the need of the enterprise are
need different services and hardware. Services available in a private cloud.
provided must be versatile.

It is hosted at the Service Provider

It is hosted at the Service Provider site.
site or enterprise.

It only supports connectivity over

It is connected to the public internet.
the private network.

Scalability is very high, and reliability is Scalability is limited, and

moderate. reliability is very high.

Cloud service provider manages the cloud and Managed and used by a single
customers use them. enterprise.

It is cheaper than the private cloud. It is costlier than the public cloud.

Security matters and dependent on the service

It gives a high class of security.
provider.

Performance is low to medium. Performance is high.

It has shared servers. It has dedicated servers.

 Public Cloud Private Cloud

Example: Amazon web service (AWS) and Example: Microsoft KVM, HP, Red
Google AppEngine etc. Hat & VMWare etc.

Public Cloud vs Private Cloud vs Hybrid Cloud

Cloud computing is a type of remote computer network hosting, where
massively distributed computers are connected to the Internet and made
available through Internet Protocol networks such as the Internet. Cloud
computing involves providing a service over the Internet, on-demand and utility
computing, distributed systems, and data processing for resource pooling,
scalability, rapid elasticity, and rapid recovery from failure.

Public Cloud
A Public Cloud is Cloud Computing in which the infrastructure and services
are owned and operated by a third-party provider and made available to the
public over the internet. The public can access and use shared resources,
such as servers, storage, and applications and the main thing is you pay for
what you used. . Examples of public cloud providers – are Amazon Web
Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

Advantages

 Cost Efficient: In the public cloud, we have to pay for what we used. So it
is more cost-efficient than maintaining the physical servers or their own
infrastructure.
 Automatic Software Updates: In the public cloud, there are automatic
software updates. we don’t have to update the software manually.
 Accessibility: Public clouds allow users to access their resources and
applications from anywhere in the world. We just need an internet
connection to access it.

Disadvantages

 Security and Privacy Concerns: Public clouds can be vulnerable to data

breaches, cyber attacks, and other security risks. Since data is stored on
servers owned by a third-party provider, there is always a risk that
confidential or sensitive data may be exposed or compromised.
 Limited Control: With public cloud services, users have limited control
over the infrastructure and resources used to run their applications. This
can make it difficult to customize the environment to meet specific
requirements.
 Reliance on Internet Connectivity: Public cloud services require a
reliable and stable internet connection to access the resources and
applications hosted in the cloud. If the internet connection is slow or
unstable, it can affect the performance and availability of the services.
 Service Downtime: Public cloud providers may experience service
downtime due to hardware failures, software issues, or maintenance
activities. This can result in temporary loss of access to applications and
data.
 Compliance and Regulatory Issues: Public cloud services may not
meet certain compliance or regulatory requirements, such as those
related to data privacy or security. This can create legal or contractual
issues for businesses that are subject to these requirements.
 Cost Overruns: Public cloud services are typically billed on a pay-per-
use basis, which can result in unexpected cost overruns if usage exceeds
anticipated levels. Additionally, the cost of using public cloud services
may increase over time, as providers adjust their pricing models or add
new features and services.
Private Cloud
A Private Cloud is a cloud computing environment in which the infrastructure
and services are owned and operated by a single organization, for example, a
company or government, and it is accessed by only authorized users within
that organization. Private Cloud organizations have their own data center.
private cloud provides a higher level of security. Examples – HPE, Dell,
VMware, etc.

Advantages

 Security Status: Private clouds provide a higher level of security. as the

organization has full control over the cloud service. They can customize the
servers to manage their security.
 Customization of Service: Private clouds allow organizations to
customize the infrastructure and services to meet their specific
requirements. and also can customize the security.
 Privacy: Private clouds provide increased privacy as the
organization(company or government ) has more control over who has
access to their data and resources.

Disadvantages

 Higher Cost: Private clouds require dedicated hardware, software, and

networking infrastructure, which can be expensive to acquire and
 maintain. This can make it challenging for smaller businesses or
organizations with limited budgets to implement a private cloud.
 Limited Scalability: Private clouds are designed to serve a specific
organization, which means that they may not be as scalable as public
cloud services. This can make it difficult to quickly add or remove
resources in response to changes in demand.
 Technical Complexity: Setting up and managing a private cloud
infrastructure requires technical expertise and specialized skills. This can
be a challenge for organizations that lack in-house IT resources or
expertise.
 Security Risks: Private clouds are typically considered more secure than
public clouds since they are operated within an organization’s own
infrastructure. However, they can still be vulnerable to security risks such
as data breaches or cyber attacks.
 Lack of Standardization: Private clouds are often built using proprietary
hardware and software, which can make it challenging to integrate with
other cloud services or migrate to a different cloud provider in the future.
 Maintenance and Upgrades: Maintaining and upgrading a private cloud
infrastructure can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. This can be
a challenge for organizations that need to focus on other core business
activities.
Hybrid Cloud
A hybrid cloud is a combination of both public and private cloud environments
that allows organizations to take advantage of the benefits of both types of
clouds. It manages traffic levels during peak usage periods It can provide
greater flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness than using a single cloud
environment. Examples – IBM, DataCore Software, Rackspace, Threat Stack,
Infinidat, etc.

Advantages

 Flexibility: Hybrid cloud stores its data (also sensitive) in a private cloud
server. While public server provides Flexibility and Scalability.
 Scalability: Hybrid cloud Enables organizations to move workloads back
and forth between their private and public clouds depending on their needs.
 Security: Hybrid cloud controls over highly sensitive data. and it provides
high-level security. Also, it takes advantage of the public cloud’s cost
savings.

Disadvantages

 Complexity: Hybrid clouds are complex to set up and manage since they
require integration between different cloud environments. This can require
specialized technical expertise and resources.
 Cost: Hybrid clouds can be more expensive to implement and manage
than either public or private clouds alone, due to the need for additional
hardware, software, and networking infrastructure.
 Security Risks: Hybrid clouds are vulnerable to security risks such as
data breaches or cyber attacks, particularly when there is a lack of
standardization and consistency between the different cloud
environments.
 Data Governance: Managing data across different cloud environments
can be challenging, particularly when it comes to ensuring compliance
with regulations such as GDPR or HIPAA.
 Network Latency: Hybrid clouds rely on communication between
different cloud environments, which can result in network latency and
performance issues.
 Integration Challenges: Integrating different cloud environments can be
challenging, particularly when it comes to ensuring compatibility between
different applications and services.
 Vendor Lock-In: Hybrid clouds may require organizations to work with
multiple cloud providers, which can result in vendor lock-in and limit the
ability to switch providers in the future.
Difference between Public Cloud vs Private Cloud vs
Hybrid Cloud
Factors Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud

Resources are It is a combination of

Resources are shared
shared among public and private
Resources with a single
multiple clouds. based on the
organization
customers requirement.

Data of multiple Data of a single Data is stored in the

organizations is organization is stored in public cloud, and
Tenancy
stored in the a clouds the public provide security in the
public cloud cloud public cloud.

It can include a mix of

public cloud pay-as-you-
Pay what you Have a variety of pricing go pricing, and private
Pay Model
used models cloud fixed pricing. It
has other pricing
models such as
 Factors Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud

consumption-based,
subscription-based, etc.

Operated Third-party Can be a combination of

Specific organization
by service provider both

It has scalability and

flexibility by allowing
Scalability It has more
It has predictability and organizations to use a
and scalability and
consistency combination of public
Flexibility flexibility,
and private cloud
services.

Can be more expensive,

but it can also be less
expensive , depending
Expensive less expensive More expensive
on the specific needs
and requirements of the
organization.

The general
Restricted to a specific Can be a combination of
Availability public (over the
organization both.
internet)

Cloud Based Services

Cloud Computing can be defined as the practice of using a network of
remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data,
rather than a local server or a personal computer. Companies offering such
kinds of cloud computing services are called cloud providers and typically
charge for cloud computing services based on usage. Grids and clusters are
the foundations for cloud computing.
Types of Cloud Computing
Most cloud computing services fall into five broad categories:
1. Software as a service (SaaS)
2. Platform as a service (PaaS)
3. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
4. Anything/Everything as a service (XaaS)
5. Function as a Service (FaaS)
These are sometimes called the cloud computing stack because they are
built on top of one another. Knowing what they are and how they are
different, makes it easier to accomplish your goals. These abstraction layers
can also be viewed as a layered architecture where services of a higher
layer can be composed of services of the underlying layer i.e, SaaS can
provide Infrastructure.

Software as a Service(SaaS)

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a way of delivering services and

applications over the Internet. Instead of installing and maintaining software,
we simply access it via the Internet, freeing ourselves from the complex
software and hardware management. It removes the need to install and run
applications on our own computers or in the data centers eliminating the
expenses of hardware as well as software maintenance.
SaaS provides a complete software solution that you purchase on a pay-as-
you-go basis from a cloud service provider. Most SaaS applications can be
run directly from a web browser without any downloads or installations
required. The SaaS applications are sometimes called Web-based
software, on-demand software, or hosted software.
Advantages of SaaS
1. Cost-Effective: Pay only for what you use.
2. Reduced time: Users can run most SaaS apps directly from their web
browser without needing to download and install any software. This
reduces the time spent in installation and configuration and can reduce
the issues that can get in the way of the software deployment.
3. Accessibility: We can Access app data from anywhere.
4. Automatic updates: Rather than purchasing new software, customers
rely on a SaaS provider to automatically perform the updates.
5. Scalability: It allows the users to access the services and features on-
demand.
The various companies providing Software as a service are Cloud9
Analytics, Salesforce.com, Cloud Switch, Microsoft Office 365, Big
Commerce, Eloqua, dropBox, and Cloud Tran.
Disadvantages of Saas :
1. Limited customization: SaaS solutions are typically not as customizable
as on-premises software, meaning that users may have to work within the
constraints of the SaaS provider’s platform and may not be able to tailor
the software to their specific needs.
2. Dependence on internet connectivity: SaaS solutions are typically
cloud-based, which means that they require a stable internet connection
 to function properly. This can be problematic for users in areas with poor
connectivity or for those who need to access the software in offline
environments.
3. Security concerns: SaaS providers are responsible for maintaining the
security of the data stored on their servers, but there is still a risk of data
breaches or other security incidents.
4. Limited control over data: SaaS providers may have access to a user’s
data, which can be a concern for organizations that need to maintain strict
control over their data for regulatory or other reasons.

Platform as a Service

PaaS is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and

environment to allow developers to build applications and services over the
internet. PaaS services are hosted in the cloud and accessed by users
simply via their web browser.
A PaaS provider hosts the hardware and software on its own infrastructure.
As a result, PaaS frees users from having to install in-house hardware and
software to develop or run a new application. Thus, the development and
deployment of the application take place independent of the hardware.
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but
has control over the deployed applications and possibly configuration
settings for the application-hosting environment. To make it simple, take the
example of an annual day function, you will have two options either to create
a venue or to rent a venue but the function is the same.
Advantages of PaaS:
1. Simple and convenient for users: It provides much of the infrastructure
and other IT services, which users can access anywhere via a web
browser.
2. Cost-Effective: It charges for the services provided on a per-use basis
thus eliminating the expenses one may have for on-premises hardware
and software.
3. Efficiently managing the lifecycle: It is designed to support the
complete web application lifecycle: building, testing, deploying, managing,
and updating.
4. Efficiency: It allows for higher-level programming with reduced
complexity thus, the overall development of the application can be more
effective.
The various companies providing Platform as a service are Amazon Web
services Elastic Beanstalk, Salesforce, Windows Azure, Google App Engine,
cloud Bees and IBM smart cloud.
Disadvantages of Paas:
1. Limited control over infrastructure: PaaS providers typically manage
the underlying infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates,
 but this can also mean that users have less control over the environment
and may not be able to make certain customizations.
2. Dependence on the provider: Users are dependent on the PaaS
provider for the availability, scalability, and reliability of the platform, which
can be a risk if the provider experiences outages or other issues.
3. Limited flexibility: PaaS solutions may not be able to accommodate
certain types of workloads or applications, which can limit the value of the
solution for certain organizations.

Infrastructure as a Service

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model that delivers computer

infrastructure on an outsourced basis to support various operations. Typically
IaaS is a service where infrastructure is provided as outsourcing to
enterprises such as networking equipment, devices, database, and web
servers.
It is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). IaaS customers pay on a
per-user basis, typically by the hour, week, or month. Some providers also
charge customers based on the amount of virtual machine space they use.
It simply provides the underlying operating systems, security, networking,
and servers for developing such applications, and services, and deploying
development tools, databases, etc.
Advantages of IaaS:
1. Cost-Effective: Eliminates capital expense and reduces ongoing cost
and IaaS customers pay on a per-user basis, typically by the hour, week,
or month.
2. Website hosting: Running websites using IaaS can be less expensive
than traditional web hosting.
3. Security: The IaaS Cloud Provider may provide better security than your
existing software.
4. Maintenance: There is no need to manage the underlying data center or
the introduction of new releases of the development or underlying
software. This is all handled by the IaaS Cloud Provider.
The various companies providing Infrastructure as a service are Amazon
web services, Bluestack, IBM, Openstack, Rackspace, and Vmware.
Disadvantages of laaS :
1. Limited control over infrastructure: IaaS providers typically manage
the underlying infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates,
but this can also mean that users have less control over the environment
and may not be able to make certain customizations.
2. Security concerns: Users are responsible for securing their own data
and applications, which can be a significant undertaking.
3. Limited access: Cloud computing may not be accessible in certain
regions and countries due to legal policies.

Anything as a Service
It is also known as Everything as a Service. Most of the cloud service
providers nowadays offer anything as a service that is a compilation of all of
the above services including some additional services.
Advantages of XaaS:
1. Scalability: XaaS solutions can be easily scaled up or down to meet the
changing needs of an organization.
2. Flexibility: XaaS solutions can be used to provide a wide range of
services, such as storage, databases, networking, and software, which
can be customized to meet the specific needs of an organization.
3. Cost-effectiveness: XaaS solutions can be more cost-effective than
traditional on-premises solutions, as organizations only pay for the
services.
Disadvantages of XaaS:
1. Dependence on the provider: Users are dependent on the XaaS
provider for the availability, scalability, and reliability of the service, which
can be a risk if the provider experiences outages or other issues.
2. Limited flexibility: XaaS solutions may not be able to accommodate
certain types of workloads or applications, which can limit the value of the
solution for certain organizations.
3. Limited integration: XaaS solutions may not be able to integrate with
existing systems and data sources, which can limit the value of the
solution for certain organizations.
Function as a Service :
FaaS is a type of cloud computing service. It provides a platform for its users
or customers to develop, compute, run and deploy the code or entire
application as functions. It allows the user to entirely develop the code and
update it at any time without worrying about the maintenance of the
underlying infrastructure. The developed code can be executed with
response to the specific event. It is also as same as PaaS.
FaaS is an event-driven execution model. It is implemented in the serverless
container. When the application is developed completely, the user will now
trigger the event to execute the code. Now, the triggered event makes
response and activates the servers to execute it. The servers are nothing but
the Linux servers or any other servers which is managed by the vendor
completely. Customer does not have clue about any servers which is why
they do not need to maintain the server hence it is serverless architecture.
Both PaaS and FaaS are providing the same functionality but there is still
some differentiation in terms of Scalability and Cost.
FaaS, provides auto-scaling up and scaling down depending upon the
demand. PaaS also provides scalability but here users have to configure the
scaling parameter depending upon the demand.
In FaaS, users only have to pay for the number of execution time happened.
In PaaS, users have to pay for the amount based on pay-as-you-go price
regardless of how much or less they use.
Advantages of FaaS :
 Highly Scalable: Auto scaling is done by the provider depending upon
the demand.
 Cost-Effective: Pay only for the number of events executed.
 Code Simplification: FaaS allows the users to upload the entire
application all at once. It allows you to write code for independent
functions or similar to those functions.
 Maintenance of code is enough and no need to worry about the servers.
 Functions can be written in any programming language.
 Less control over the system.
The various companies providing Function as a Service are Amazon Web
Services – Firecracker, Google – Kubernetes, Oracle – Fn, Apache
OpenWhisk – IBM, OpenFaaS,
Disadvantages of FaaS :
1. Cold start latency: Since FaaS functions are event-triggered, the first
request to a new function may experience increased latency as the
function container is created and initialized.
2. Limited control over infrastructure: FaaS providers typically manage
the underlying infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates,
but this can also mean that users have less control over the environment
and may not be able to make certain customizations.
3. Security concerns: Users are responsible for securing their own data
and applications, which can be a significant undertaking.
4. Limited scalability: FaaS functions may not be able to handle high traffic
or large number of requests.

Platform As A Service (PaaS) and its Types

Platform-as-an-service (PaaS) is distributed computing model where an
outsider supplier appropriates equipment and programming instruments to
clients over Internet. As rule, these are required for application improvement.
PaaS supplier has equipment and programming on its own framework.
Therefore, it liberates designers from introducing inside equipment and
programming to create or run another application. Press device is utilized in
basic and helpful manner. Clients, as rule, pay on for each utilization
premise. An association can step in for PAS that considers potential cost
investment funds by utilizing nearby alternatives.
How PaaS functions? As referenced above, PaaS for programming
advancement does not supplant whole IT foundation of whole organization. It
is given by foundation facilitated by cloud specialist co-op, in which clients
frequently get to entries through an internet browser.
Different PaaS Services :
 Advancement group support
 Application plan and improvement
 Application testing and arrangement
 Web administration mix
 Information security
 Database Integration
Clients typically pay for PaaS dependent on every utilization. Be that as it
may, few suppliers charge level month to month expense to get to stage and
its applications.
Advantages and disadvantages of PaaS : Fundamental preferred position
of PaaS is straightforwardness and comfort for clients. PaaS supplier gives
numerous frameworks and other IT benefits that clients can get to anyplace
through an internet browser. Capacity to pay on for each utilization premise
has customarily permitted organizations to dispose of capital expenses for
on-premises equipment and programming. Administration accessibility or
adaptability, be that as it may, is of worry with PaaS. On off chance that
supplier encounters administration disturbance or other foundation
interruption, it can unfavourably influence clients and lead to loss of
efficiency. Nonetheless, PaaS suppliers generally offer high variances. Seller
lock-in is another regular worry, as clients can only with significant effort
move numerous administrations and information starting with one pass item
then onto next contending item. At the point when they pick an installment
supplier, clients need to evaluate administration life length and business
misfortunes of vendor lock-in. Inside changes to PaaS item are additionally
an expected issue. For instance, if PaaS supplier quits supporting particular
programming language or restricts utilization of other advancement devices,
effect on clients can be troublesome and problematic. Clients ought to follow
pass supplier’s administration guide to see how supplier’s arrangement
influences their condition and abilities. Numerous PaaS items center around
programming advancement. These stages give word processing, form
executives, incorporating, and testing administrations alongside PCs and
capacity framework, which help engineers to make new programming rapidly
and effectively. Dice permit item improvement groups to team up and
cooperate paying little mind to their physical area. PaaS structures conceal
their fundamental framework from designers and different clients.
Subsequently, model is like worker less registering and capacity an
administration design. Cloud specialist co-op is one that oversees and keeps
up worker and controls conveyance of assets.
PaaS Types : Various sorts of PaaS are presently accessible to engineers.
They are :
1. Public PaaS
2. Private PaaS
3. Hybrid PaaS
4. Communication PaaS
5. Mobile PaaS
6. Open PaaS
These are explained as following below.
1. Public PaaS – Is appropriate for use in public cloud. Public PaaS permits
client to control programming extension, while cloud supplier deals with
circulation of all other key IT segments expected to have applications,
including working frameworks, databases, workers, and capacity
framework systems.
Public dice merchants offer middleware, which permits engineers to
introduce, design, and control workers and databases without need to
introduce framework. Therefore, Public Pass and Infrastructure (IaaS) run
all together. PaaS with exercises on merchant’s IaaS foundation using
public cloud. Tragically, this implies client will adhere to similar public
cloud choice that they would prefer not to utilize.
Some little and medium-sized organizations have received public pass,
however huge enterprises and associations have wouldn’t acknowledge it
because of their cozy relationship with public cloud. This is principally
consequence of an enormous number of guidelines and consistence
issues on organization application advancement in public cloud.
2. Private PaaS – Plans to give dexterity of public pass while keeping up
security, consistence, advantages and ease of private security
community. A private pass is normally circulated as gadget or
programming in client’s firewall, which is regularly kept up in server farm
on organization’s premises. A private PaaS can be created on framework
and works inside organization’s particular private cloud.
Private dice permit an association to all more likely serve designers,
improve inside asset usage, and decrease expensive cloud entrance that
numerous organizations face. Likewise, private dice permit designers to
run and deal with their organization’s applications in consistence with
severe security and protection necessities.
3. Hybrid PaaS – Consolidates organizations with Public PaaS and Private
PaaS, with accommodation of unbounded limit offered by Public PaaS
and cost-adequacy of having inside framework in Private PaaS. Hybrid
PaaS utilizes hybrid cloud.
4. Communication PaaS (CPaaS) – Cloud-based stage that permits
engineers to add ongoing communication to their application without
requirement for back-end foundation and interfaces. Regularly, ongoing
communication happens in applications fabricated explicitly for these
assignments. Models are Skype, FaceTime, WhatsApp and conventional
telephones.
CPaaS gives a completely evolved system to making ongoing
communication highlights without requirement for engineer to assemble
their own structure, including standard-based application programming
interfaces, programming apparatuses, prebuilt applications, and test
code.
CPaaS suppliers help clients in improvement procedure by offering help
and item documentation. A few suppliers offer programming advancement
packs just as libraries that help assemble applications on different work
 area and mobile stages. Improvement groups picking to utilize CPaaS
spares time for foundation, HR and market.
5. Mobile PaaS (MPaaS) – Is an installment incorporated improvement
condition for mobile application setup. In MPaaS, coding abilities are not
required. MPaaS is circulated through an internet browser and for most
part bolsters public cloud, private cloud and on-premises stockpiling.
Administration is normally rented at a month to month cost, contingent
upon quantity of gadgets and offices bolstered.
6. MPaaS ordinarily gives an article situated intuitive interface that permits
clients to disentangle improvement of HTML5 or local applications
through direct access to gadget’s highlights, for example, GPS, sensor,
camera and amplifier. It frequently underpins different mobile OS.
7. Open PaaS – Is a free, open-source, business-situated community
oriented stage that is alluring on all gadgets and gives a helpful web
application including schedule, contacts and mail applications. It is
intended to permit clients to immediately run new applications. One of its
assets is to create innovation sent for big business synergistic
applications, particularly half and half mists.
Employments of PaaS : PaaS arrangements are frequently utilized in
advancement of versatile applications. In any case, numerous engineers and
companies use PaaS? to make cross-stage applications since it gives an
adaptable and dynamic arrangement that can make an application that can
work on practically any gadget. Another utilization of PaaS is
in DevOps instrument. PaaS offers application lifecycle board highlights and
explicit highlights tailored to company’s item improvement rehearses. Model
DevOps permits groups to insert cloud-based persistent joining instruments
that include refreshes without creating inert time. Moreover, companies that
follow cascade model can run update utilizing a similar support they use for
everyday upkeep. PaaS can be utilized to computerize commercial center of
an application or to wipe out housekeeping and upkeep undertakings inside
and out. Likewise, framework executives can be reduced by assisting with
reducing weight of PaaS scalable foundation executives. PaaS kills
complexities of burden adjusting, scaling and conveyance to new based
services. Rather than engineers controlling these capacities, PaaS suppliers
assume liability. With the help gave by PaaS to new programming dialects
??and innovations, engineers can utilize model to present new channels of
innovation advancement. For example, worker less capacities and
compartment innovation. This is particularly valid for ventures, for example,
banking and assembling, where mechanical change is a moderate
procedure.

Software As A Service (SaaS)

Owning software is very expensive. For example, a ₹50 lakh software
running on a ₹1 lakh computer is a common place. As with hardware, owning
software is the current tradition across individuals and business houses.
Often the usage of a specific software package does not exceed a couple of
hours of usage per week.
In this situation, it would be economically worthwhile to pay per hour of
usage. This would also free the user from the botherance of maintenance,
upgradation, backup etc.
This is exactly what is advocated by SaaS.
Software As A Service (SaaS) is a software delivery model and involves
customers to pay for any software per unit time of usage, with the price
reflecting market place supply and demand.
In this context, SaaS makes a case for pay per usage of software rather
than owning software for use.
As we can see, SaaS shifts “ownership” of a software from a customer to a
service provider. Software owner provides maintenance, daily technical
operation and support for the software.
Services are provided to the client on the amount of usage basis.
The service provider is a vendor who hosts the software and lets the users
execute on-demand charges per usage units. It also shifts the responsibility
for hardware and software management from customer to the provider. The
cost of providing software services reduces as more and more subscribe to
the service.
It makes the software accessible to a large number of customers who cannot
afford to purchase the software outright.
If we compare SaaS to SOA, we can observe that SaaS is a software
delivery model, whereas SOA is a software construction model. Despite
significant differences, both SOA and SaaS espouse closely related
architecture models. SaaS and SOA complement each other. SaaS helps to
offer components for SOA to use. SOA helps to quickly realize SaaS. Also,
the main enabler of SaaS and SOA are the internet and web services
technologies.

Difference between IAAS, PAAS and SAAS

1. IAAS: Infrastructure As A Service (IAAS) is means of delivering computing
infrastructure as on-demand services. It is one of the three fundamental
cloud service models. The user purchases servers, software data center
space, or network equipment and rent those resources through a fully
outsourced, on-demand service model. It allows dynamic scaling and the
resources are distributed as a service. It generally includes multiple-user on
a single piece of hardware.
It totally depends upon the customer to choose its resources wisely and as
per need. Also, it provides billing management too.
2. PAAS: Platform As A Service (PAAS) is a cloud delivery model for
applications composed of services managed by a third party. It provides
elastic scaling of your application which allows developers to build
applications and services over the internet and the deployment models
include public, private and hybrid.
Basically, it is a service where a third-party provider provides both software
and hardware tools to the cloud computing. The tools which are provided are
used by developers. PAAS is also known as Application PAAS. It helps us to
organize and maintain useful applications and services. It has a well-
equipped management system and is less expensive compared to IAAS.
3. SAAS: Software As A Service (SAAS) allows users to run existing online
applications and it is a model software that is deployed as a hosting service
and is accessed over Output Rephrased/Re-written Text the internet or
software delivery model during which software and its associated data are
hosted centrally and accessed using their client, usually an online browser
over the web. SAAS services are used for the development and deployment
of modern applications.
It allows software and its functions to be accessed from anywhere with good
internet connection device and a browser. An application is hosted centrally
and also provides access to multiple users across various locations via the
internet.
Difference between IAAS, PAAS and SAAS :
Basis Of IAAS PAAS SAAS

Infrastructure as a Platform as a Software as a

Stands for service. service. service.

IAAS is used by PAAS is used by SAAS is used by the

Uses network architects. developers. end user.

PAAS gives access

IAAS gives access
to run time
to the resources
environment to SAAS gives access
like virtual
deployment and to the end user.
machines and
development tools
virtual storage.
Access for application.

It is a service It is a cloud
It is a service model
model that provides computing model
in cloud computing
virtualized that delivers tools
that hosts software to
computing that are used for the
make it available to
resources over the development of
clients.
Model internet. applications.
 Basis Of IAAS PAAS SAAS

There is no
Some knowledge is requirement about
It requires technical
required for the technicalities
knowledge.
Technical basic setup. company handles
understanding. everything.

It is popular among It is popular among

It is popular among developers who consumers and
developers and focus on the companies, such as
researchers. development of file sharing, email,
Popularity apps and scripts. and networking.

It has about a 27 %
It has around a 12% It has around 32%
rise in the cloud
increment. increment.
Percentage rise computing model.

Used by the skilled

Used by mid-level Used among the
developer to
developers to build users of
develop unique
applications. entertainment.
Usage applications.

Amazon Web Facebook, and MS Office web,

Services, sun, Google search Facebook and
Cloud services. vCloud Express. engine. Google Apps.

Enterprise AWS virtual

Microsoft Azure. IBM cloud analysis.
services. private cloud.

Outsourced Force.com,
Salesforce AWS, Terremark
cloud services. Gigaspaces.

Operating System,
Runtime, Data of the
Nothing
Middleware, and application
User Controls Application data

It is highly scalable
It is highly scalable
It is highly scalable to suit the small, mid
to suit the different
and flexible. and enterprise level
businesses
Others business
 Basis Of IAAS PAAS SAAS

according to
resources.

Advantages of IaaS
 The resources can be deployed by the provider to a customer’s
environment at any given time.
 Its ability to offer the users to scale the business based on their
requirements.
 The provider has various options when deploying resources including
virtual machines, applications, storage, and networks.
 It has the potential to handle an immense number of users.
 It is easy to expand and saves a lot of money. Companies can afford the
huge costs associated with the implementation of advanced technologies.
 Cloud provides the architecture.
 Enhanced scalability and quite flexible.
 Dynamic workloads are supported.
Disadvantages of IaaS
 Security issues are there.
 Service and Network delays are quite a issue in IaaS.
Advantages of PaaS –
 Programmers need not worry about what specific database or language
the application has been programmed in.
 It offers developers the to build applications without the overhead of the
underlying operating system or infrastructure.
 Provides the freedom to developers to focus on the application’s design
while the platform takes care of the language and the database.
 It is flexible and portable.
 It is quite affordable.
 It manages application development phases in the cloud very efficiently.
Disadvantages of PaaS
 Data is not secure and is at big risk.
 As data is stored both in local storage and cloud, there are high chances
of data mismatch while integrating the data.
Advantages of SaaS
 It is a cloud computing service category providing a wide range of hosted
capabilities and services. These can be used to build and deploy web-
based software applications.
 It provides a lower cost of ownership than on-premises software. The
reason is it does not require the purchase or installation of hardware or
licenses.
 It can be easily accessed through a browser along a thin client.
 No cost is required for initial setup.
 Low maintenance costs.
 Installation time is less, so time is managed properly.
Disadvantages of SaaS
 Low performance.
 It has limited customization options.
 It has security and data concerns.

Aneka in Cloud Computing

Introduction
Aneka is a cloud computing PaaS software platform for developing applications. Aneka
comes with a set of extensible APIs for programming models like MapReduce. These APIs
support different cloud models like a private, public, or hybrid Cloud.
Aneka is a Cloud Computing application development platform. It enables the utilization of
different computer resources and their management into a single virtual domain, the Aneka
Cloud, in which applications are executed.
Aneka is a cloud middleware product that may be deployed on various resources, including a
computer network, a multicore server, data centers, virtual cloud infrastructures, or a
combination of these. The framework includes both middlewares for managing and scaling
distributed applications and a set of flexible APIs for designing them.
Now we will learn about the architecture of Aneka services and its classifications.
Classification of Aneka Services in Cloud Computing
Now we are going to learn about various classifications of Aneka service.
  Fabric services

 Foundation Services

 Application Services
Fabric Services
The Aneka container is represented by fabric services, the lowest level of the software stack.
They offer access to Aneka's resource provisioning subsystem and the monitoring facilities.
Fabric services are used in a heartbeat, monitoring, and reporting services.
Foundation Services
Fabric services are the foundational services of the Aneka cloud, defining the system's core
infrastructure management capabilities. Foundation services are responsible for the logical
management of the distributed system constructed on top of the infrastructure and providing
support services for distributed application execution. Foundation services are used in
accounting, billing, and resource pricing.
Application Services
Application services are a layer that manages the execution of applications and differentiates
itself based on the programming model used to construct distributed apps on top of Aneka.
Application services are used in performance monitoring, execution failure management, etc.
At the application level, a variety of components and tools are available:
 Simplify the development of applications (SDKs),
 Port existing applications to the Cloud, and
 Monitor and manage multiple clouds.
An Aneka-based cloud comprises networked resources that can be dynamically adjusted
based on user needs via resource virtualization or extra CPU cycles for desktop devices. On
the side, a typical Aneka deployment is shown. All resources are in-house, for example,
within the organization if the deployment defines a private cloud.
Connecting publicly available on-demand resources or interfacing with numerous different
public clouds that supply computing resources connected over the Internet improve this
deployment.
Aneka Framework Architecture
This section of the blog has discussed the architecture of Aneka services.
Aneka is a cloud-based platform and framework for constructing distributed applications. It
takes advantage of the idle CPU cycles of a heterogeneous network of desktop PCs, servers,
and data centers. Aneka provides a rich set of APIs to developers for transparently leveraging
such resources and expressing application business logic using the preferred programming
abstractions. These APIs support different cloud models, such as private, public, and hybrid
clouds.
System administrators can use various technologies to monitor and govern the deployed
infrastructure. These technologies can be a public cloud that everyone can access over the
Internet or a private cloud of nodes with limited access.
Manjrasoft focuses on developing cutting-edge software solutions that make creating and
deploying private and public cloud applications more accessible. Their solution serves as an
application platform as a service for numerous cloud computing environments.
The Aneka-based computing cloud is a collection of real and virtualized resources linked by a
network, the Internet, or a private intranet. Each of these resources has an Aneka container
instance, representing the runtime environment in which distributed applications are run. The
container provides the single node's basic management functionality while leveraging all
other activities on the services it hosts.
The services provided by Aneka container are classified into three categories:
 Fabric services

 Foundation services

 Application services

These are responsible for infrastructure administration, Aneka Cloud support services, and
application management and execution, in that order. The application management and
development layer, which contains interfaces and APIs for constructing cloud applications
and management tools and interfaces for administering Aneka Clouds, makes these services
available to developers and administrators.
The Aneka container can be classified into three major categories: fabric services, foundation
services, and application services. We will discuss these services in detail in the next section
of this blog.
The Platform Abstraction Layer(PAL) is responsible for recognizing the supported hosting
environment and providing the appropriate implementation to communicate with it to support
the container's activity. The PAL offers the following features:
 PAL provides a uniform and platform-independent implementation interface for addressing the
hosting platform.

 PAL gives uniform access to the hosting platform's extended and additional properties.

 PAL gives remote nodes uniform and platform-independent access.

 PAL provides uniform and platform-independent management interfaces.

Platform Abstraction Layer(PAL) collects the data from the host system and exposes it. The
exposed data are the number of cores, frequency, CPU usage, network addresses, memory
size, etc.
Components of the Aneka Framework
Aneka is a cloud application platform. It allows developers to build, deploy, and manage their
applications on private or public clouds. It provides a set of tools and services for developing
cloud applications. It manages the underlying infrastructure.
Some of the components of the Aneka framework are:
Aneka Runtime Environment
This is the core component of the Aneka framework. It provides a runtime environment for
executing applications on a cloud infrastructure. It consists of a set of services. These services
provide resource management, scheduling, security, and monitoring.
Aneka Development Toolkit
This toolkit provides a set of tools and APIs. These tools and APIs help in developing cloud
applications on the Aneka platform. It includes tools for creating, debugging, and deploying
applications, and APIs for accessing the Aneka runtime environment.
Aneka Marketplace
This is a repository of pre-built components, services, and applications. These can be used to
quickly develop and deploy cloud applications. It includes templates for common application
types, such as data analytics and machine learning, and libraries and frameworks for building
custom applications.
Aneka Cloud Management Console
This is a web-based interface. It helps in managing the Aneka cloud infrastructure. It provides
a dashboard for monitoring resource usage, managing users and permissions, and configuring
the Aneka services.
Aneka Cloud Connectors
These are a set of connectors. They allow the Aneka platform to integrate with popular cloud
providers. The cloud providers can be Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and
Google Cloud Platform (GCP). This allows developers to deploy and manage their
applications on various cloud platforms.
Aneka Software Development Kit (SDK)
This is a collection of tools, libraries, and documentation. It enables developers to build
custom applications that can run on the Aneka platform. It includes APIs for accessing the
Aneka services and tools for developing and testing applications.
Read more about, Data Warehouse Architecture
What are the advantages of Aneka in Cloud Computing?
Aneka is a cloud application platform that provides different advantages for developers and
users in cloud computing:
 Scalability: It provides a scalable infrastructure. It allows applications to be scaled up or down
based on demand. This means that applications can handle large amounts of traffic or data
without investing in expensive hardware or infrastructure.

 Cost savings: It enables cost savings by providing a flexible pricing model. This allows users to
pay only for the resources they use. It means users can avoid the costs of setting up and
maintaining their own infrastructure. They can instead focus on developing and deploying their
applications.

 Flexibility: It provides a flexible platform. This can be customized easily to meet the specific
needs of different applications. It supports various programming languages, frameworks, and
libraries and can be integrated with various cloud providers and services.

 Rapid development: It provides a set of pre-built components, services, and applications. It can
be used to quickly develop and deploy cloud applications. This means that developers can focus
on building the core functionality of their applications. Instead of spending time on
infrastructure and deployment.

 Reduced complexity: It reduces the complexity of cloud application development and

management. It provides a unified platform for developing, deploying, and managing
applications. Developers and users can avoid the need to manage multiple tools and services.
They can instead focus on the core functionality of their applications.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Aneka in Cloud Computing?
Aneka is a cloud application platform. It provides a set of tools and services for developing,
deploying, and managing cloud applications. It was developed by the Distributed Systems
and Networking (DSN) Laboratory at the University of Melbourne, Australia.
What are the advantages of Aneka in Cloud Computing?
Aneka provides several advantages for developers and users in cloud computing. It provides a
scalable infrastructure, enables cost savings, provides a flexible platform, helps to reduce
complexity, and provides a high-availability infrastructure.
What are the features of Aneka?
Aneka provides various features for developing, deploying, and managing cloud applications.
Aneka provides multi-tenancy and allows multiple users to share the same infrastructure,
supports virtualization, and can be integrated with a wide range of cloud providers and
services.
What are the types of Aneka?
Aneka is a cloud application platform that comes in two different versions that are Aneka
enterprise, and Aneka cloud. Aneka enterprise is designed for enterprise-level applications.
Aneka cloud is designed for small to medium-sized applications.