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Disk management and disk structure

Operating System Micro project

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dhirajpujari2003s
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19 views

Disk management and disk structure

Operating System Micro project

Uploaded by

dhirajpujari2003s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Disk management and disk structure

Disk Management in Operating System

 Disk management is one of the critical


operations carried out by the operating
system.
 It deals with organizing the data stored on
the secondary storage devices which
includes the hard disk drives and the solid-
state drives.
 It also carries out the function of optimizing
the data and making sure that the data is
safe by implementing various disk
management techniques.
 We will learn more about disk management
and its related techniques found in operating
system.

Disk Management of the Operating System


Includes:

 Disk Format
 Booting from disk
 Bad block recovery
Boot block:
 When the computer is turned on or restarted,
the program stored in the initial bootstrap
ROM finds the location of the OS kernel from
the disk, loads the kernel into memory, and
runs the OS. start.
 To change the bootstrap code, you need to
change the ROM and hardware chip. Only a
small bootstrap loader program is stored in
ROM instead.
 The full bootstrap code is stored in the “boot
block” of the disk.
 A disk with a boot partition is called a boot
disk or system disk.

 Bad Blocks:
 Disks are error-prone because moving parts
have small tolerances.
 Most disks are even stuffed from the factory
with bad blocks and are handled in a variety
of ways.
 The controller maintains a list of bad blocks.
 The controller can instruct each bad sector to
be logically replaced with one of the spare
sectors. This scheme is known as sector
sparing or transfer.
 A soft error triggers the data recovery
process.
 Advantages of disk management
include:

 Improved organization and management of


data.
 Efficient use of available storage space.
 Improved data integrity and security.
 Improved performance through techniques
such as defragmentation.

 Disadvantages of disk management


include:

 Increased system overhead due to disk


management tasks.
 Increased complexity in managing multiple
partitions and file systems.
 Increased risk of data loss due to errors
during disk management tasks.

 Disk Structure
 The mass storage structure of a computer is
essential for efficient data storage and
management. One crucial component of this
structure is the disk, which plays a vital role
in the storage and retrieval of data. In this
article, we will take a step-by-step approach
to understand the disk structure and its
various components.

 Disk Components
 A disk is composed of several key
components that work together to facilitate
data storage and retrieval. Let’s explore
these components in detail.
 Platters
 The platters are circular discs coated with a
magnetic material on which data is physically
stored.
 Read/Write Heads
 The read/write heads are mechanical arms
that move across the surface of the platters
to read or write data.

 Sectors
 Sectors are the smallest units of data storage
on a disk. Each sector can hold a fixed
amount of data, typically 512 bytes.

 Disk Structure Layers

 The disk structure consists of multiple layers


that help organize and manage the data
stored on the disk. Let’s delve into these
layers.

 .1 Physical Layer
 The physical layer is the lowest layer of the
disk structure. It includes the actual physical
components of the disk,

 .2 File System Layer

 The file system layer sits on top of the


physical layer and handles the logical
organization of data on the disk.

 .3 Operating System Layer

 The operating system layer interacts with the


file system layer to provide disk access a
management. It controls the overall disk
operations,.

Conclusion
 Disk management is the process of
organizing and maintaining the storage
on a computer's hard disk. It involves
dividing the hard disk into partitions,
formatting these partitions to different
file systems, and regularly maintaining
and optimizing disk performance.

Reference
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/disk-
management-in-operating-system/

 https://gearupwindows.com/a-complete-
guide-to-disk-management-in-windows-10-
11/

 https://www.techsolutions.support.com/how-
to/the-complete-guide-to-disk-management-
in-windows-15975

Thank you

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