MECHANICAL 7 gD. ue be a . “a | FLUID MECHANICS | MECHANICS a Trevis eee re Re measurement \ __tectureNo- 03 _ K emo haiRecap of previous class | Toric Pascal's law —“ intensity of pressure at a point in a fluid at rest is same in all direction.” or | Toric if the shear stress is zero at a point in a fluid then normal stress or pressure at that point is transmitted in all direction. The apparent contradiction in the hydrostatic force on the container base and the weight of liquid inside the container is known as hydrostatic paradox.Topics to be covered Nie A ] 2 [Tonic Pascals law and hydrostatic law | toric rene Lee eterepciten(cos | Toric Differential manometerPressure measurement- J¥ conventional devices er xolaat ite een , manometer CJ 2- modern devices-bourden tube , strain gauge transducer , piezo- electric.Manometer- CJ a- simple manometer- RNa Ree Ce Le U-tube manometer ,single column manometer , inclined tube Ree ET meta neneaeennnnnnenane (aaTolaroyaaeicie b- differential manometers- 34 Two piezometer manometer, U-tube differential manometer, inverted U-tube differential manometer. lil hcl lllPiezometer- it is a tube , open at end’s one end is connected a @ point where pressure is to be found &other end is atm. Pressure. Cou) Or ama -- ore Ce (erate me rte) E i] eee ee ora) pao i Soc opuung Peossure PSRs ee ceca) (rear Lat fm Aaa aoe elie] MMAR CaN KC Reale Rel enexe aired used for finding out gas pressure. in order to nullify the effect of capillarity in pressure measurement the diameter of tube must be greater than 1 cm.Barometer- barometer is used to measured the atmospheric @ ee ee ee ary , Sur near PCRs eal) — eu oS anal eer ae, rea 5 . Ore Cra Bea ITAL) CTS NS eae ROR iaiay TURE ROK} se V a Sa SaveBarometer- Recor} Pees dee Ce ia Naser Nie hue ee) ety ! ety oncaesSIMPLE U- TUBE MANOMETER- A U- tube manometer consist of a ci glass tube bend in U- shape, one end of which is connected to tl gauge point and the other end remains open to the atmosphere . The tube contains a liquid of specific gravity greater than that of the fluid of which the pressure is to be measured . This liquid is known as manometric fluid. LT tre Ce es Pet Cae meal x ord Cees fakm=o@ CoS Uaa Doe s og, on 0 Cyaan) ey, ha= Som NT nea Sem U-Tube Manometer© U-tube manometer can be used to measure the vacuum pressure. Hydrostatic law- eet Panu Lec rs [arn TN) ern) a” Pe ey any aayDT Ke oeReasons for using mercury as manometric fluid: O) @ ®U-tube manometer in series: rca Kal To asi Lees amma) ane Lrg ae OR SC ae TEAC AsS) Lene EN TICQRD EN CL Cnet)Ee Ma S11t-} Rave been exerted at four different point in different unit as follows:- a. 150kPa ———> |Soxo> Tom 101 ae Soa) 5 CPO Kea ec dee CE PALS TOR aL deka Cy fom (eh aa laaKelManl-1kell le mae Ebi Eas Pt oka Arrange these point in decreasing order of magnitude of pressure.2. The pressure gauge G, & G, are installed at the system as shown in fig. aca (aeciead ee aad The reading of both the pressure gauge is given as — Pg- 5 bar veri oes Find the unknown pressure in absolute gauge. Css (oe en (or Paes Pion eang#Q.A ship 200 m in a sea (p= 1050 kg/m’) having a container. @ Containers pressure gauge reading of 225 kPa. Taking the pressure at sea surface is atmospheric (100 kPa). Find the absolute pressure in a container (Take g = 10 m/s?) Sas reer Ca Boc= e, oo a. Beer) we Pa Saas (oy SARE alas SoU Oy Pont#Q. An open tank contains water to a depth of 2 m and oil over it to a depth of I m. The density of oil is 800 kg/m®. Then find the pressure at the interface of two fluid (gauge). Cea ea (tua Pea —_—_— OCgauet) cad lim clea i Coach aaa) Santee ac ab a] eee EA -— care) Interface ‘a as |#Q. Three immiscible liquids of density 6, 2 6, 3 are kept in a jar and a piezometer fitted to the bottom of jar as shown in fig. Find H/h. b. 8 lead IY ba cco coo i | ieee ieee cy Re a Une e ce (eo PARI ame Alesha)#Q. Two pipe lines one with oil of density 900 kg/m’ and ee) with water and connected to a manometer as shown in fig. By what amount of pressure in water pipe should be increased without change in oil pressure so that mercury level in both limb’s of manometer become equal. ACS Uke COME MTVU Cai eee Lea ee ea ore sat PRC TAGE CR be rapoc ris Sean EAbee = 0aa eR ca fot 400g 48:3 eC eel eo at=(fo- Oy re mae CEA 1G Tenn Sree eee) Sem#Q Two U-tube manometer are connected in series as shown in fig. Then find the pressure difference between x and y in kPa. waterCy Piezometer- it is a tube , open at end’s one end is connected a point where pressure is to be found &other end is atm. Pressure. Q_ Itis not suitable for very high pressure and also can not used for finding out gas pressure. fm aoc me OM Mee eomee) ol liam ae ok} measurement the diameter of tube must be greater than 1 ay SIMPLE U- TUBE MANOMETER- A U- tube manometer consist of a glass tube bend in U- shape , one end of which is connected to the gauge point and the other end remains open to the atmosphere . The tube contains a liquid of specific gravity greater than that of the fluid of which the pressure is to be measured . This liquid is known as manometric fluidTHANK - YOU