CHEMISTRY

A Comparative study and

qualitative analysis of various
brands of soft drinks
 INDEX
CONTENTS PAGES
 AIM

 INTRODUCTION

 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
SOFT & COLD DRINKS

 ADVATAGES &
DISADVANTAGES

 OBJECTIVES
 APPARATUS
&METHODS

 DETECTION OF PH

 TEST FOR CO2

 TEST FOR GLUCOSE

 TEST FOR PHOSPHATE

 TEST FOR ALCOHOL

 CONCLUSION

 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 AIM

The aim of this study is to examine and compare

different types of soft drinks by reviewing their
ingredients, production methods, acidity levels,
and potential health risks associated with
consumption, particularly for dental and overall
health in children and adolescents.

Over the past several decades, the consumption of

soft drinks has significantly increased, with children
and adolescents being the highest consumers.
These beverages are high in sugar content and
acidity, which can negatively impact oral health
and may also affect general health.
 Introduction

A soft drink is any water-based flavored drink containing

a variety of substance such as coloring compounds,
flavoring agents, acidifiers, sweeteners, preservatives
and caffeine.
While all soft drinks can be considered cold drinks not all
cold drinks are soft drinks, this is due to their ingredients
Discovery of soft drink
In the late 18th century, scientists made important
progress in replicating naturally carbonated mineral
waters, in 1767,an Englishman Joseph Priestley first
discovered a method of infusing water with carbon
dioxide [CO2 ] to make carbonated water, when he
suspended a bowl of distilled water above a beer vat at a
local brewery in Leeds(England). His invention of
carbonated water (later known as soda water) is the
major and defining component of most soft drinks.
Priestley found that water treated in this manner had a
pleasant taste, and he offered it to his friends as a
refreshing drink.

The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but with the

industrialization in India soft drinks marked its beginning
with launching of Limca and Gold Spot by Parley group of
Companies. Since then, the business was highly profitable
and so many multinational companies like Pepsi and Coke
launched their brands India.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOFT & COLD

DRINKS

ATTRIBUTES SOFT DRINK COLD DRINK

Non-alcoholic, Any beverage

DEFINITION carbonated, served chilled
flavored

INGREDIENTS Water, Varies (water,

sweeteners, juices, teas)
flavors, CO2
CARBONATION Typically Can be
carbonated carbonated or not

COMMON NAMES Soda, pop, fizzy Soda, pop, fizzy

drink drink

EXAMPLES Soda, pop, fizzy Iced tea, fruit

drink juice

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

 Cold drinks can be used as  Soft drinks contain sugar in

toilet cleaners. large amounts which cause
problems in diabetes patients.

 They can remove rust spots  Soft drinks can cause weight
from chrome car humpers. gain or obesity.
  They clean corrosion from car  They can dissolve calcium, so
battery terminals. they are also harmful for our
bones.

 Soft drinks are used as an  They cause hypokalemia

excellent 'detergent to remove diseases and dental caries.
grease from clothes.

 They contain phosphoric acid

 They can loosen rusted bolts. which is highly acidic

OBJECTIVE

To conduct a quantitative analysis to determine

the different contents of soft drinks, we will
perform the following tests:

 DETECTION OF PH

 TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

 TEST FOR GLUCOSE

 TEST FOR PHOSPATE

 TEST FOR ALCOHOL
APPARATUS CHEMICALS
 Test Tubes REQUIRED
 Test Tube Holder  Iodine Solution
 Test Tube Stand  Potassium Iodide
 Stopwatch  Sodium Hydroxide
 Beaker  Lime Water
 Burner  Fehling's A&B Solution
 PH Paper  Concentrated Nitric
 Tripod Stand Acid
 China Dish  Benedict Solution
 Wire Gauge  Ammonium Molybdate
 (fanta,coke,sprite)

Detection of ph

NAME QUANTI Colour

OF YOF Change EXPERIMENT
DRINK DRINK Small samples of cool
TAKEN drinks of different brands
were taken in a test tube
and add few drops of ph
indicator, change in color
of sample was noticed and
it was compared with
standard ph scale
PH VALUE
Coca
Cola 5ml RED 1.0 [ acidic]
 Sprite 5ml pinkish 2.0 [acidic]
Light/
Fanta 5ml orange 3.0 [acidic]

Result:-
PH values of different brands are different, and all
are acidic in nature
Test for Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

EXPERIMENT
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the
sample was passed through lime water. The lime water
turned milky.
OBSERVATIONS
Name Of the Time Taken Conclusion
Drink
Coca Cola 28 CO2 is Present

Sprite 22 CO2 is Present

FANTA 36 CO2 is Present

Result
All the soft drinks turned lime water milky suggesting all of them
contain dissolved carbon dioxide in Water. The carbon dioxide
(CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is
responsible for its tangy taste. Lime water turns milky as the
Calcium hydroxide (chemical name for limewater) reacts with
carbon dioxide to form Calcium Carbonate which is insoluble in
water and thus forms a milky white precipitate.

TEST FOR GLUCOSE

Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the

following test A. Benedict’s Solution Test & B. Fehling
Reagent Test
(A) A small sample of Soft Drink of different brands was taken in
a test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added.
The test tube was heated for few seconds. Formation of reddish
color confirms the presence of glucose in cold drinks.
Name Of Quantity of Regent Observatio Conclusion
the Drink Drink used for n
Taken testing
Coca Cola 5ml Benedict’s/ reddish Glucose is
Fehling color present
Reagent
Fanta 5ml Benedict’s/ reddish Glucose is
Fehling color present
Reagent

sprite 5ml Benedict’s/ reddish Glucose is

Fehling color present
Reagent

(B) Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in

a test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A Solution and Fehling’s B
Solution was added in equal amount. The test tube was heated in
water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown precipitate
confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks.
Result
All sample gave positive test for Glucose with Fehling’s(A&B)
Solutions. Hence, all the cool drinks contain glucose.

Test for Phosphate

Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in
separate test tubes and Ammonium Molybdate followed by
concentrated Nitric Acid was added to it. The solution was heated
Name Of Quantity of Chemicals Observatio Conclusion
the Drink Drink used for n
Taken testing
Coca cola 5ml Ammonium Canary
molybdate yellow
& Con.nitric
acid
Fanta 5ml Ammonium Canary
molybdate yellow
& Con.nitric
acid
sprite 5ml Ammonium Canary
molybdate yellow
& Con.nitric
acid

Result
All the soft drinks samples gave test for phosphate ions.
Appearance of canary – yellow confirmed the presence of
phosphate ions in all soft drinks.

Test for Alcohol

Experiment:
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in
separate test tubes and Iodine followed by KI and NaOH Solution
was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in
hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored
precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks. The
tests suggest that the alcohol levels are as low as 10mg in every
litter, and this works out around 0.001% alcohol. Small amount of
alcohol may be present in a soft drink but, alcohol content must
be less than 0.5% of the total volume of the drink.
Name Of the Drink Observation Conclusion

Coca cola yellow precipitate Alcohol is Present

Fanta yellow precipitate Alcohol is Present

sprite yellow precipitate Alcohol is Present

Result
All the Cool drinks samples gave positive tests for alcohol. Hence,
all the cool drinks contain alcohol, but the percentage of content
could not be verified.

CONCLUSION

After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the

different brands of cold drinks namely: Coca Cola, Sprite,
Fanta all contain glucose, alcohol, Phosphate and Carbon
dioxide.
All cold drinks are acidic in nature on comparing the PH
value of different brands.
 Coca cola is the most acidic and Fanta is least acidic of
all the five brands taken.
Among the three samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has
the maximum amount of dissolved CO2 and Fanta has
the minimum amount of dissolved CO2.
Most soft drinks contain one or more of three common
acids –citric acids, carbonic acids and phosphoric acids.
for example, Fanta drinks are not good for our body at all.
because they contain very high levels of sugar and
fooding color, excess citric acid, phenylalanine as well as
a host of artificial preservatives.
Soft drink consumption has significantly risen in recent
decades, especially among children and adolescents,
contributing to various health issues. Although the sugar
tax has increased awareness, it's crucial to educate
people about the harmful effects of these beverages, as
labeling can often be misleading.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/qualitative-
analysis-of-different-brands-of-cold-drinks-

https://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2404715.pdf

International Journal of Novel Research and

Development (www.ijnrd.org)

“Harmful Effect of Soft Drinks Consumption on

Human Health” International Journal of Scientific
Research, volume 10, published 2021

“The contents of Soft Drinks & Their Impacts on Health”,

International Journal for Research Trends and
Innovation,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drink#History