Wants- Synonymous with luxuries; do

MATERIAL AND not warrant necessity.

ECONOMICAL SELF

Material Self- Objects, people, or

places that you can call yours.
There are two types:
-the bodily self
-extracorporeal self, as for
Rosenberg (1979) he referred it as the
extended self.
SPIRITUAL SELF
Bodily component- innermost and
intimate part of who you are (parts of
your body your hands, legs, and
Spiritual self
others).
-One of the four constituents of the self
Extracorporeal self-
according to William James in his
outside/beyond/extends the body and
book, The Principles of Psychology in
other people. (family), pets (dogs,
1890. (material, social, spiritual and
possessions clothes, mobile phones
pure ego)
and other things), places (home), and
products of your labor (paintings). -Most intimate, inner subjective part of
self.
-It is the most intimate because of the
Material possessions signify some
satisfaction experience when thinking
aspects of one’s sense of self and
of one’s ability to argue and
identity.
discriminate of one’s moral sensibility
Possessions, tell a lot about their and conscience and of our
owners. unconquerable will is pure than all
other sentiments of satisfaction.
The decisions that go into the
purchase of items and certain services -The ability to use moral sensibility and
is dependent on a number of factors, conscience may be seen through the
including: expressions of religion.
• financial constraints. Religion- Rebecca Stein (Stein 2011)
“as a set of cultural beliefs and
• availability of items and services.
practices that usually includes some or
• the influence of family and friends. all basic characteristics”.

Needs- Important for survival; basic

needs so people purchase them out of
necessity.
Ritual- Performance of ceremonial •Dharma Day in July.
acts prescribed by a tradition of sacred
•Padmasambhava Day (October)
law (Britannica 2017). Ritual is a
specific, observable mode of behavior •Sangha Day (November)
exhibited by all known societies.
Some World Religious Beliefs and
Practices Christianity

Some religious beliefs and practices -Trinitarian God. One God in three
are found in University of London’s personas:
Religion and Belief Guide 2017. God the Father (creator)
•Buddhism (350-500 million) God of the son (savior)
•Christianity (2.1 billion) God of the Holy Spirit (Sustainer)
•Hinduism (1 billion) -Eternal life after death will be
•Islam (1.8 billion or 24.1 % of the achieved through faith in Jesus Christ.
population in the world) -Jesus Christ is God of the son, who
•Judaism (13 million) come into flesh, to spread the Good
News of Salvation.
-He died in the cross for the sin of
Buddhism (Founded by Siddharta humanity but resurrected from the
Gautama 2,500 years ago in India) death, so that anyone who believe in
him will be saved and have eternal life.
-Life is not a bed of roses, instead,
there are suffering, pain and Holy Bible is a selection of books.
frustration. which is divided into two:
-Want to experience the goodness of -The Old Testament
life and avoid disappointments.
-The New Testament
-Reactive cycle of wanting and hating
like and dislike, and craving and
aversion. Customs and Practices
Sacrament of Baptism- birth in
Two types of meditation practices: Christian World.

Samatha- Mindfulness of breathing Sacrament of Communion-

and development of loving kindness. remembrance of Jesus Christ’s
sacrificial love.
Vipassana- Insight into reality.

Two major celebrations

Celebrations:
Christmas- December 25, the birth of
•Parinirvana Day (February) Jesus Christ.
•Budda Day or Wesak/Vesak (May)
Resurrection Sunday or Easter Angel Gabriel over a period of 23
(depends on the lunar calendar, years.
sometime in March or April)-
Quran/Ko'ran- Islamic sacred book,
Resurrection of Jesus Christ from
believe to be the word of God as
death.
dictated to Mohammed by the
Archangel Gabriel and written down in
Arabic. Consists of 114 units of varying
Hinduism
lengths, known as suras; the first sura
-Wide range of traditional beliefs and is said as part of the ritual prayer.
religious groups, there is no single These touch upon all aspects of
founder or leader. human existence, including matters of
doctrine, social organization, and
-Existence is a cycle of birth, death legislation.
and rebirth governed by Karma.
KARMA- Concept where the
reincarnated life will depend on how Customs and Practices
the past life was spent.
Shahadah- statement of faith: "There
-Soul passes through a cycle of is no God but the one true God and
successive lives and its next Mohammed is his messenger."
incarnation are always dependent on
Salat- Prayer that is practiced five
how the previous life was lived.
times a day.
Zakat- Monetary offering for the
Customs and Practices benefit of the poor; 2.5% of a Muslim's
assets.
Diwali- Festival of Lights.
Hajj- Yearly pilgrimage to Mecca; at
Navrati- Festival of 9 nights; triumph least once in their lifetime.
of good over evil.
Sawm- the fasting. Muslims do fasting,
from food, drink, and sexual act, during
Islam the celebration of Ramadan. The fast
is from dawn to sunset.
-Muslims believe in Allah, who is their
"One God." They believe in the unity Ramadan/ Ramadhan- Ninth month of
and universality of God. They also Islamic lunar calendar, and the month
have a strong sense of community or in which the Quran was revealed to the
"ummah" and an awareness of their Islamic Prophet Mohammed.
solidarity with all Muslims worldwide.
-Islam means " willing submission to The two major festivals
God."
Eidul-Fitr- is the celebration at the end
-Mohammed is the last and final of Ramadan.
prophet sent by God. He was born in
Mecca in 570 CE and received Eidul-Adha- is celbrated within the
revelations from God through the completion of the pilgrimage, the Hajj.
 his/her life circumstances.
Judaism 3. He/she finds an anchor in whatever
he or she believes in and aligns his or
-God of Abraham, the same God that
her thoughts, words, and actions to his
liberated the Hebrews slaves from
or her spiritual beliefs.
Egypt to Canaan, the Promised Land
through the leadership of Moses and 4. He/she engages in activities that
later, Joshua. Coming of Messiah, the boost his/her self-respect and
Savior. actualization.
Torah/The Law- Sacred Scripture; 5. It increases self-esteem, enhances
guide of the Jewish living. The study interpersonal relationships through the
and interpretation of Torah is part of establishment of trust, and encourages
the Jewish Culture. people to engage in positive,
meaningful behavior. Through
spirituality,
Customs and Practices
6. Questions such as “Am I a good
Rosh Hashanah- the New Year. person” or “how can I live my life to the
fullest” are answered.
Yom Kippur- the Day of Atonement.
7. Spirituality allows one to become
Pesach- Passover. resilient amidst challenges and
Shavout- Pentecost. roadblocks that occur in daily life.

Sukkot- Tabernacles. The Jewish

Sabbath begins on Friday evening at Frankl’s Source of Meaning
sunset and is an important time when
families gather for the Shabbat meal. Popova (2017) discussed Viktor
Frankl’s work. Three possible sources
Religious beliefs, rituals, practices, and of the meaning of life:
customs are all part of the expression
of the spiritual self. • Purposeful Work.
• Courage in the Face of Difficulty.

What does spirituality bring to one’s • Love.

self?
Enhancing one’s spirituality brings
positive results to life, to name a few:
(Macayan, Pinugu, & Castillo, 2018)
1.It has been associated with positive
physical and
mental health, and well-being.
2. A spiritual person finds contentment
and serenity in