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atom models notes 2

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21 views

atom models notes 2

Uploaded by

rajkumar34287
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Drawbacks of Bohr's atomic model

(i) It is valid only for one electron atoms, e.g. : H, He+, Li+2, Na+1 etc.
(ii) Orbits were taken as circular but according to Sommerfield these are elliptical.
(iii) Intensity of spectral lines could not be explained.
(iv) It could not be explained the minute structure in spectrum line.
DE BROGLIE’S EXPLANATION OF BOHR’S SECOND POSTULATE OF
QUANTISATION :
Why should the angular momentum of the electron orbiting around the nucleus have only those values that are
integral multiples of h/2π?
According to de Broglie , material particles, such as electrons, also have a wave nature.
Louis de Broglie argued that the electron in its circular orbit, as proposed by Bohr, must be seen as a particle wave.
In analogy to waves travelling on a string, particle waves too can lead to standing waves under resonant conditions,
i. e standing waves are formed when the total distance travelled by a wave down the string and back is one
wavelength, two wavelengths, or any integral number of
wavelengths.
For an electron moving in nth circular orbit of radius rn , the total distance is the circumference of the orbit, 2πrn .

Thus 2π rn = nλ , n = 1, 2, 3... ________________ (1)

where λ is the de Broglie wavelength of the electron moving in nth orbit.

But be Broglie’s wavelength is

λ = h/p

Momentum P = mvn

Thus, λ = h/mvn _____________________________ (2)

Substitute eqn (2) in (1) 2π rn = n h/mvn


m vn rn = nh/2π
Angular momentum L = nh/2π
It is Bohr’s quantization condition. Figure illustrates a standing particle wave on a circular orbit for n = 4, i.e., 2πrn
= 4λ

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