International Journal of Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (IJESAT)

Vol 25 Issue 01, JAN, 2025

Neural Network-Based Bird Detection Process

1
Dr.G.V.V.Nagaraju, 2M.Raga Namratha, 3S.Nikhitha, 4M.Kavyanjali, 5G. Vivek Chandra
12345
Vignan’s Lara Institute of Technology and Science, Andhra Pradesh, India
1
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
4
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: The occurrence of some bird species is decreasing, and even when they are
discovered, it is difficult to classify and forecast which ones will be around in the future. Birds
in diverse settings may, of course, appear from varying perspectives, sizes, colors, and forms.
Efficacious monitoring systems and digitization are becoming global trends in the 21st century.
Everyone has a cell phone these days, thus anybody may be able to snap a photo of the bird.
The picture is gray scaled using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technique. Then, the
autograph is formed using the Pytorch model, which generates many comparison nodes. A
score sheet is generated by comparing these various nodes with the testing dataset. The
necessary bird species may be predicted when the score sheet is analyzed.

Keywords: Python, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), dataset, greyscale format, and
classification are some of the key terms.

1. INTRODUCTION
The current situation has elevated concerns about avian behavior and numbers. Birds play an
important role in environmental organism detection. It is a significant and difficult difficulty to
identify bird species just by their calls. We can also keep an eye on bird populations using a
variety of techniques. The use of automated techniques for bird species identification allows
for an efficient evaluation of the amount and variety of the birds that emerge in the area, since
many birds move in response to changes in the environment.
The terms "artificial intelligence" and "machine learning" seemed like they were coming
straight out of a science fiction novel. One of the easiest ways to use it is for image recognition.
The way graphical data is organised and processed is being transformed by machine learning
that is integrated into consumer websites and apps. The application of deep learning algorithms
has greatly improved image recognition and identification. Developed to mimic the way the
human brain works, this is a machine learning approach. This is how computers learn to
identify objects in images.
Algorithms can interpret pictures and come up with pertinent tags and classifications by
studying big databases and keeping an eye out for developing trends. The majority of the time,
while classifying birds, we look at how they fit into a certain group. The closeness between the
classifications makes bird classification much more difficult than category classification. For
this reason, it is crucial to be able to identify which kind of bird a given photograph depicts.
The process of bird species identification involves classifying images of birds according to
their predicted characteristics.
1.1.Existing System
Bird identification has long been a challenge for ornithologists. They need to learn all there is
to know about birds, including how they live, what they eat, where they live, and how the
environment affects them. Ornithologists often use Linnaeus's five-part taxonomy to categorise
birds: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, and species.
1.2. Methodology
Deep learning is a branch of Machine learning based on a set of algorithms that attempt to
model high level abstraction in data by using a deep graph with multiple processing layers,

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (IJESAT)
Vol 25 Issue 01, JAN, 2025

composed of multiple linear and nonlinear transformation. Widely used algorithm of deep
learning in image classification are convolutional neural network (CNN). Therefore, CNN
allows classification based on Tenser Flow, Pytorch Models.

A large portion of this system's functionality is provided by the software, which classifies
birds using the Python programming language, the Pytorch model, and a Raspberry Pi. The
original picture is captured from a digital gadget and then transformed into a greyscale
version. A large number of neurones were identified using deep learning algorithms. As the
picture passes through a series of neural networks, these algorithms get a deeper
understanding of it. The picture is classified for feature extraction using the following
figure.

Above diagram shows the three layers of neural network.

1.3. Algorithm
Due to the unknown nature of the input picture, a deep learning technique was used in its
development. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are often used for image analysis. It has
a number of hidden levels in addition to an input and an output layer. The neurones that make
up each layer are totally coupled to each other and to the neurones that made up the layer before
it. Predicting output is the job of the output layer. With an image as input, the convolutional
layer generates a series of feature maps as output [2]. The convolutional layer maps one 3D
volume to another, which is useful when the input picture has several channels, like a bird's
beak, wings, eyes, or colour. The three dimensions studied here are height, breadth, and depth.
In a CNN, there are two parts: Part one: feature extraction. The network detects features by
doing a sequence of convolution and pooling operations.
Second, the classification part: a fully connected layer is used as a classifier and is fed the
retrieved features.
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are structured with four layers: completely connected,
activation, pooling, and convolutional. With a convolutional layer, you can extract a few key
visual attributes from a picture. To save the crucial information while reducing the number of
neurones from the preceding convolutional layer, pooling is used.
An activation layer's function condenses data into a range before passing them on. In a
completely linked state
layer links each neurone in one layer to every neurone in the layer below it. The increased
precision is a result of CNN's thorough neurone classification.

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (IJESAT)
Vol 25 Issue 01, JAN, 2025

There are two main approaches to picture categorization in machine learning.

1.Greyscale
2. By making use of the RGB codes.
The majority of the time, all the data is transformed into greyscale. In a greyscale algorithm,
the computer will give each pixel a value depending on the pixel's actual value. In order to
categorise the data, the computer will execute an operation on an array that contains all the
pixel values.
Libraries:
One of the most important libraries utilised by this system is Pytorch. Developed by Facebook's
AI Research unit (FAIR), Pytorch is an open-source software library. Useful for tasks like
computer vision and NLP, this open-source machine learning library is based on the Torch
library. Python forms the core component of Pytorch. A modified version of the BSD license
is used to release Pytorch.
Pytorch has two main functions:
1. Tensor computation (e.g., NumPy) with GPU acceleration for performance.
2. Constructing deep neural networks using an autodiff method that is based on tape.
Dataset:
A dataset is a group of related data sets. Tabular data is organised in a way that makes sense
when viewed via a database: each row represents a record from the set in question, and each
column represents a different variable.

3. Proposed approach:
Training sets

Machine learning

CNN

Raw data

Test data Model

Birds and Types

of Species

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (IJESAT)
Vol 25 Issue 01, JAN, 2025

3.1.Block diagram Explanation:

1. Pure Data: Unstructured data is what it's called. It does not allow us to infer any useful
information. It stands in for a single piece of table data that is implicitly organized.
2. Exercise regimen: For the purpose of training the model to identify certain feature
parameters and carry out a co-relational job, the training dataset contains raw data samples.
3. In-depth education CNN: It's a module that uses CNN to anticipate the most categorized
categories for input photos and extracts unique bird traits. In order to identify birds, the CNN
model used a stack of convolutional layers, which included an input layer, two FC layers, and
an output layer.
4: Test Results: The classifier parameters and the network model's actual prediction
performance may be evaluated using the test dataset. The trained prediction model will be used
to categorise fresh input photos once features have been retrieved from the raw data.
5: Extracting Features: First and foremost, our main objective is to extract features from the
raw input photos. These features will provide descriptive and useful information for fine-
grained object detection. Nevertheless, feature extraction will be difficult due to intra- and
semantic-class variability. We will first learn which features in the model were directly mapped
to which picture sections by extracting features in appropriate places for each component of
the image and then using that knowledge.
6. Predictive model: If you submit a picture of a bird, the suggested model can identify it.
Predicting and differentiating between photos of different birds is the task of the suggested
system.

4. Software Implémentation:
1. Pytorch with Python:
Once in a while, a new python library comes up with revolutionary promise for deep
learning. Among these libraries is PyTorch. It has been my experience that of all the
deep learning packages, PyTorch is the most user-friendly and adaptable. Since we
don't need to wait till the whole code is created before finding out whether it works or
not, this fits well with the python programming technique. Running a small section of
code and seeing its output in real-time is a breeze. PyTorch is a library for deep
learning development created in Python. It offers versatility.

2. Vertex-based computation networks:

Since PyTorch gives us a framework to operate inside, we don't need premade graphs
with particular functionality.
In order to construct computational graphs dynamically and even modify them while
functioning. This is helpful in cases when the amount of memory needed to construct
a neural network is uncertain.
3. CNN:
One kind of deep neural network that finds widespread use in image analysis is the
convolutional neural network (CNN). It has a number of hidden levels in addition to
an input and an output layer. The neurones that make up each layer are totally coupled
to each other and to the neurones that made up the layer before it. Predicting output is
the job of the output layer. The input picture is processed by the convolutional layer,
which then outputs a series of feature maps. The convolutional layer maps one 3D
volume to another, which is useful when the input picture has several channels, like a
bird's beak, wings, eyes, or colour. The three dimensions of volume are breadth,
height, and depth. The approach that has been suggested for doing this is based on
convolutional neural networks.

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (IJESAT)
Vol 25 Issue 01, JAN, 2025

Basic architecture of CNN

Image pixel inputs with R, G, and B colour channels are sent to the convolutional layer via the
input layer. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) differ from basic neural networks in that
their neurones are built in three dimensions, where depth denotes activation volumes, rather
than two. The primary function of the convolutional layer is to retain the spatial relationships
between input pixels while extracting visual information. By calculating the output of
neurones, it alters the picture.
Converting pixel data into output volume or final class scores. The striding filter is used to
perform this convolution function on the input picture. In convolutional neural networks
(CNNs), each picture is essentially a matrix of pixel values; the filter in this context is a matrix
by another name, kernel, and the idea is derived from image processing. Every place in the
feature map has its filter strided by one pixel, and the procedure calculates
computed by summing the results of the matrices' multiplication. The final feature map is
computed by each convolutional layer. Additionally, activation functions are used to take input
volume from earlier layers and neurone characteristics like bias and weights.
This layer is used in the ReLU layer to convert all negative pixel values to zero. Contrary to
the non-linear nature of most real-world pictures, CNN operations follow a linear pattern. In
order to train CNNs to handle non-linear data, the ReLU function is used to induce non-
linearity.

Even though the pooling function shrinks the feature map, it keeps the crucial spatial
information. The pooling function manages the overfitting problem by reducing the network's
parameters and computation. Max, sum, average, and many more kinds of pooling functions
are available. In this study, the pooling layer will use the max form of pooling. For the max
pooling process, you need to start by defining a spatial neighbourhood, such as [2x2], and then

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (IJESAT)
Vol 25 Issue 01, JAN, 2025

add it to the corrected feature map, striding it by 2, until you find the region with the biggest
pixel value.

Flow chart for bird classification system

5. SIMULATIONS/RESULTS: This is an example image that was found online. The picture
is processed using a number of parameters shown in the figure using deep learning
convolutional neural networks approach.

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (IJESAT)
Vol 25 Issue 01, JAN, 2025

It has been noted from the data analysis that the accuracy is reduced when just one
parameter is employed. However, when other factors are taken into account, such as the
exquisite tern, red-faced cormorant, Brandt cormorant, and countless more, a combined
approach might be used.

6. Conclusion:
The classification research looks at a way to identify bird species utilising a dataset for
picture classification and a deep learning system. A user-friendly interface will be
included into the system, allowing users to easily submit photos for identification purposes
and get the appropriate results. Part detection and CNN feature extraction from many
convolutional layers would form the basis of the proposed system's operation. The
classifier will be provided these attributes so that it can classify the data. The algorithm
will use the data as a starting point to improve its bird species prediction accuracy. In order
to attain optimal efficiency, the system will run a number of trials on a dataset that contains
several images.

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