28.

(d) (i)-3, (ii)-2, (iii)-1

Explanation :

In our everyday lives, we utilise a variety of electrical equipment that require operating voltages
other than the mains voltage (i.e., 220 V), such as a doorbell that requires 6 V and a television’s
cathode ray tube that requires over 10,000 V.
29. (a) It cannot alter the frequency of the voltage source.
Explanation :

The frequency of the alternating voltage is not affected by the transformer; the frequency remains
unchanged, i.e. 50 Hz.
30. (b) Fleming’s left hand rule
Explanation :

Fleming’s left hand rule is used to find the direction of the force experienced by a current carrying
conductor placed in magnetic field. It states that if we arrange our thumb, forefinger and middle
finger of the left hand perpendicular to one another, then the thumb points towards the direction
of force, the forefinger points towards the direction of magnetic field and the middle finger points
towards the direction of current.
31. (d) electrical to rotational kinetic energy
Explanation :
Option (d) is correct as an electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into
rotational kinetic energy.

32. (b) Faraday law of electromagnetic induction

Explanation :

AC generators work on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, which states
that electromotive force EMF or voltage is generated in a current-carrying conductor that cuts a
uniform magnetic field.
33. (c) Direction of current
Explanation :

According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, when a conductor moves through a

magnetic field, an electric current is induced in it. Fleming’s right-hand rule is used to determine
the direction of the induced current.

34. (b) electrical to mechanical

Explanation :
Electrical energy supplied to the washing machine gets converted into mechanical kinetic
rotational energy are to the use of DC motor.
35. (b) increases
Explanation :

Magnetic field produced is directly proportional to current flowing through the conductor.
36. (d) energy
Explanation :

Lenz’s law is based on the law of conservation of energy it states that the induced current is
always opposed by the cause that produces it. Therefore, there is extra work done against the
opposing force.
37. (b) chemical to heat to mechanical to electrical
Explanation :
Burning of fuel by chemical combustion produces heat which drives the turbine to produce electricity.

Use the following codes for answering the following questions:

(a) Both assertion and reason are true.
(b) Both assertion and reason are false.
(c) Assertion is false but reason is true.
(d) Assertion is true but reason is false.

38. Assertion: Only a change in magnetic flux will maintain an induced current in the coil.
Reason: The presence of large magnetic flux through a coil maintains a current in the
coil if the circuit is continuous.
Ans. (a) Both assertion and reason are true.
Explanation :
Presence of magnetic flux cannot produce electric current, but its change produces it.
39. Assertion: A transformer is a device used in d.c. circuit.
Reason: Transformers are useful in stepping up or stepping down voltages.
Ans. (c) Assertion is false but reason is true.
Explanation :
Transformer work a.c. circuits, as it works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
There are two types of transformers step-up transformer and step-down transformer.
They are useful in increasing or decreasing the voltage.
40. Assertion: Alternating current and direct current both can be used in
electromagnetism.
Reason: Direct current and alternating current produces a constant magnetic field.
Ans. (b) Both assertion and reason are false.
Explanation :
D.C. cannot be used in the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction as efficiently as
A.C. because direct current produces a constant magnetic field due to the constant flow
of charges, but alternating current varies in time, causing a changing magnetic field,
which is essential for efficient electromagnetic induction.
41. Assertion: AC generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
Reason: AC generator is converted electrical energy into mechanical kinetic rotational
energy.
Ans. (d) Assertion is true but reason is false.
Explanation :
An AC generator is a device that works on the principle of electromagnetic induction
and converts mechanical kinetic rotational energy into electrical energy.
42. Assertion: When current flows in a wire, it creates a magnetic field around it.
Reason: A current carrying colenoid be haves like a bar magnet.
Ans. (a) Both assertion and reason are true.
Explanation :
A current carrying solenoid when freely suspended, it always rests in north south
direction.

43. State whether a magnetic field is associated or not around (i) a static charge, (ii) a moving
charge, (iii) current carrying conductor.
Ans. (i) A static charge is not associated with a magnetic field around it.
(ii) A moving charge is associated with a magnetic field around it.
(iii) A current carrying conductor is associated with a magnetic field around it.
44. What is the nature of the lines of force of the magnetic field due to a straight current carrying
wire?
Ans. The lines of force, in this case, are concentric circles centered on the wire.
45. What will happen to a compass needle when the compass is placed below a wire and a current
is made to flow through the wire? Give a reason to justify your answer.
Ans. The compass needle will show deflection. This happens because when a current is passed
through a conductor (here, wire), a magnetic field is produced around the conductor due to which
the compass needle gets deflected.
46. State two factors on which the strength of induced e.m.f. depends.
Ans. (i) The time of change of magnetic flux.
(ii) The strength of magnetic field.
47. Describe briefly one way of producing an induced current in a coil. State one factor that
determines the magnitude of induced e.m.f.
Ans. To produce an induced current in a coil, a magnet is moved along the axis of coil.
The magnitude of induced e.m.f. depends on the strength of magnet.
48. State the two properties of the magnetic lines of force around a circular coil.
Ans. The important properties are:
(i) The magnetic lines of force near the wire are nearly circular, especially at the points where the
current enters or leaves the coil.
(ii) At the centre of the coil, the lines of force are almost parallel to each other, showing that the
magnetic field at the centre of the coil may be considered uniform.
49. A straight wire is held vertical and current is passed in it in the upward direction. A compass
needle is kept near the wire in North of it. How is the needle deflected? What is the change in the
deflection of the needle if the current in wire is reversed?
Ans. When the current in the wire is upwards, the needle will deflect with its North pole towards
West.
If the current in the wire is reversed, the North pole of the needle will deflect towards East.
50. Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate that there exists a magnetic field around a
current carrying conductor.
Ans. The conductor is kept in N-S direction and its ends are connected to a battery, rheostat and
a tapping key. When the key is open i.e., no current flows in the conductor, the needle points in
N-S direction. As the key is pressed and a current passes in the conductor, the needle deflects.
This shows that a magnetic field exists around a current carrying conductor.
51. State the law which determines the direction of magnetic field around a current carrying
conductor.
Ans. The direction of magnetic field produced due to flow of current in a conductor can be
determined by the right hand thumb rule. It states that if we hold the current carrying conductor
in our right hand such that the thumb points in the direction of current then the fingers encircling
the wire indicate the direction of the magnetic lines of force.
52. A straight current carrying conductor is kept in a magnetic field. It experiences a force. State
three factors on which the magnitude of force experienced by the conductor depends. Under what
condition will the conductor experience no force?
Ans. The three conditions are: (i) Current in the conductor, (ii) Length of conductor in the
magnetic field, (iii) Strength of magnetic field. The conductor will experience no force if the
direction of current in the conductor is parallel to the direction of magnetic field.
53. State under what conditions force acting on a current carrying conductor which is freely
suspended in a magnetic field can be
(i) Maximum (ii) Zero.
Ans. (i) The force F is maximum when the magnetic field due to flow of current in the conductor
and the given magnetic field B are perpendicular to each other.
(ii) The force F is zero when the magnetic field due to flow of current in the conductor is parallel
to the given magnetic field B.
54. How does a magnetic field set up by a solenoid change when number of turns are increased?
Ans. By having more number of turns, the intensity of magnetic field increases.
55. How does a magnetic field set up by a solenoid change when cross-sectional area of solenoid
is increased?
Ans. By having a solenoid of large diameter or more cross-sectional area, the intensity of magnetic
field increases.
56. How does a magnetic field set up by a solenoid change when a soft iron core is inserted inside
solenoid?
Ans. By placing a soft iron core inside the solenoid, the magnetic field becomes more intense.
57. How does a magnetic field set up by a solenoid change when strength of current in the
solenoid is decreased?
Ans. By decreasing the current flowing in the solenoid, the intensity of magnetic field decreases.
58. State two ways by which the magnetic field of a solenoid can be made stronger.
Ans. (i) By increasing current. (ii) By increasing number of turns.
59. Name two factors on which the magnitude of an induced e.m.f. in the secondary coil depends.
Ans. Magnitude of induced e.m.f. depends on
(i) Magnitude of current.
(ii) Number of turns in the coil.
60. State the condition when an electric charge can give rise to a magnetic field.
Ans. When an electric charge flows in a conductor, a magnetic field is produced around it.
61. How will the direction of force be changed if the current is reversed in the conductor placed
in a magnetic field?
Ans. The direction of force will be reversed.
62. State the unit of magnetic field in terms of force experienced by a current carrying conductor
placed in a magnetic field.

Ans. or NA–1 m–1.

63. State Lenz’s law.
Ans. The Lenz’s law states that the direction of induced current is such that it opposes the cause
which produces it.
64. When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical
force. What should be the angle between the magnetic field and the length of the conductor so
that the force experienced is:
(i) Zero
(ii) Maximum?
Ans. (i) 0°
(ii) 90°