Scribd
Upload
7 views

Dynamic memory allocation

Uploaded by

21l121
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

Dynamic memory allocation

Uploaded by

21l121
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Dynamic memory allocation

• enables the C programmer to allocate memory at


runtime.
• It is possible by 4 functions of stdlib.h header file.
– malloc() - allocates single block of requested memory
– calloc() - allocates multiple block of requested
memory
– realloc() - reallocates the memory occupied by
malloc() or calloc() functions.
– free() - frees the dynamically allocated memory.

01/22/2019 C.P.Shabariram 1
Static vs Dynamic memory allocation
Static Dynamic
memory is allocated at memory is allocated at
compile time. run time.

memory can't be memory can be increased


increased while executing while executing program.
program.

used in array. used in linked list.

01/22/2019 C.P.Shabariram 2
malloc()
• It doesn't initialize memory at execution time,
so it has garbage value initially.
• It returns NULL if memory is not sufficient.
• Syntax:
ptr=(cast-type*)malloc(byte-size)

01/22/2019 C.P.Shabariram 3
Example
#include<stdio.h> printf("Enter elements of array: ");
#include<stdlib.h>
int main(){ for(i=0;i<n;++i)
int n,i,*ptr,sum=0; {
printf("Enter number of elements: scanf("%d",ptr+i);
"); sum+=*(ptr+i);
scanf("%d",&n); }
ptr=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int)); printf("Sum=%d",sum);
if(ptr==NULL) free(ptr);
{ return 0;
printf(“Unable to allocate "); }
exit(0);
}

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 4
calloc()
• It initially initialize all bytes to zero.
• It returns NULL if memory is not sufficient.
• Syntax:
• ptr=(cast-type*)calloc(number, byte-size)

01/22/2019 C.P.Shabariram 5
Example
#include<stdio.h> exit(0);
#include<stdlib.h> }
int main(){ printf("Enter elements of array: ")
int n,i,*ptr,sum=0; ;
printf("Enter number of elements: for(i=0;i<n;++i)
"); {
scanf("%d",&n); scanf("%d",ptr+i);
ptr=(int*)calloc(n,sizeof(int)); sum+=*(ptr+i);
//memory allocated using calloc }
if(ptr==NULL) printf("Sum=%d",sum);
{ free(ptr);
printf(“Unable to allocate"); return 0;
}

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 6
realloc() & free()
• realloc()
• it changes the memory size.
• Syntax: ptr=realloc(ptr, new-size)
• free()
• The memory occupied by malloc() or calloc()
functions must be released by calling free()
function.
• Syntax: free(ptr)
01/22/2019 C.P.Shabariram 7
Example
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *ptr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*2);
int I; int *ptr_new;
*ptr = 10;
*(ptr + 1) = 20;
ptr_new = (int *)realloc(ptr, sizeof(int)*3);
*(ptr_new + 2) = 30;
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
printf("%d ", *(ptr_new + i));
return 0;
}
6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 8

You might also like