Test Bank for Introductory Statistics, 9th Edition, Prem S.

Mann

Test Bank for Introductory Statistics, 9th Edition,

Prem S. Mann

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1. A random variable is a variable whose value is determined by the:
A) outcome of a random experiment C) random space
B) random population D) random subjective probability
Ans: A Difficulty level: low Objective: Define a random variable.

2. A discrete random variable is a random variable:

A) that can assume any value in one or more intervals
B) whose set of values is countable
C) that is derived from a random population
D) that is determined by random probability
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Define a random variable.

3. A continuous random variable is a random variable:

A) that can assume any value in one or more intervals
B) whose set of values is countable
C) that is derived from a random population
D) that is determined by random probability
Ans: A Difficulty level: low Objective: Define a random variable.

4. Which of the following is not an example of a discrete random variable?

A) The number of days it rains in a month in New York
B) The number of stocks a person owns
C) The number of persons allergic to penicillin
D) The time spent by a physician with a patient
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Provide examples of a discrete random
variable.

5. Which of the following is an example of a discrete random variable?

A) The weight of a box of cookies
B) The length of a window frame
C) The number of horses owned by a farmer
D) The distance from home to work for a worker
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Provide examples of a discrete random
variable.

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6. The probability distribution table of a discrete random variable lists:

A) the bottom half of the values that the random variable can assume and their
corresponding probabilities
B) all of the values that the random variable can assume and their corresponding
probabilities
C) all of the values that the random variable can assume and their corresponding
frequencies
D) the top half of the values that the random variable can assume and their
corresponding frequencies
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Construct the probability distribution
of a discrete random variable.

7. For a discrete random variable x, the probability of any value of x is:

A) always greater than 1 C) always in the range zero to 1
B) always less than zero D) never greater than zero
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Construct the probability distribution
of a discrete random variable.

8. Which of the following is true for the probability of a discrete random variable x?
A) P ( x )  0 B) P ( x )  1 C) P ( x ) = 2 D) 0  P ( x )  1
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Construct the probability distribution
of a discrete random variable.

9. For the probability distribution of a discrete random variable x, the sum of the
probabilities of all values of x must be:
A) equal to zero B) in the range zero to 1 C) equal to 0.5 D) equal to 1
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Determine whether a given table or
graph possesses the two characteristics of a probability distribution.

10. Which of the following is true for the probability distribution of a discrete random
variable x?
A)  P ( x )  0 B)  P ( x ) = 1 C)  P ( x ) = 2 D)  P ( x )  1
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Determine whether a given table or
graph possesses the two characteristics of a probability distribution.

Use the following to answer questions 11-16:

The following table lists the probability distribution of a discrete random variable x:

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P(x) 0.04 0.11 0.18 0.22 0.12 0.21 0.09 0.03

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11. The probability of x = 3 is:

Ans: 0.22
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

12. The probability that x is less than 5 is:

Ans: 0.67
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

13. The probability that x is greater than 3 is:

Ans: 0.45
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

14. The probability that x is less than or equal to 5 is:

Ans: 0.88
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

15. The probability that x is greater than or equal to 4 is:

Ans: 0.45
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

16. The probability that x assumes a value from 2 to 5 is:

Ans: 0.73
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

Use the following to answer questions 17-22:

The following table lists the probability distribution of a discrete random variable x:

x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(x) 0.15 0.32 0.2 0.13 0.12 0.06 0.02

17. The probability of x = 7 is:

Ans: 0.06
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

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18. The probability that x is less than or equal to 4 is:

Ans: 0.67
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

19. The probability that x is greater than or equal to 6 is:

Ans: 0.2
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

20. The probability that x assumes a value from 3 to 6 is:

Ans: 0.77
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

21. The probability that x is greater than 6 is:

Ans: 0.08
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

22. The probability that x is less than 4 is:

Ans: 0.47
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

Use the following to answer questions 23-27:

The following table lists the probability distribution of the number of refrigerators owned by all
families in a city.

x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.01 0.69 0.22 0.08

23. The probability that a randomly selected family owns exactly two refrigerators is:
Ans: 0.22
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

24. The probability that a randomly selected family owns at most one refrigerator is:
Ans: 0.7
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

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25. The probability that a randomly selected family owns at least two refrigerators is:
Ans: 0.3
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

26. The probability that a randomly selected family owns less than two refrigerators is:
Ans: 0.7
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

27. The probability that a randomly selected family owns more than one refrigerator is:
Ans: 0.3
Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the probability distribution of a random
variable to compute probabilities of events.

28. The mean of a discrete random variable is the mean of its:

A) frequency distribution C) probability distribution
B) percentage distribution D) second and third quartiles
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Calculate the mean of a discrete
random variable.

29. The mean of a discrete random variable is its:

A) box-and-whisker measure C) second quartile
B) expected value D) upper hinge
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Calculate the mean of a discrete
random variable.

30. The formula used to obtain the mean of a discrete random variable is:
A)  ( x −  ) P( x) B)  yP( x) C)  mf D)  xP( x)
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Calculate the mean of a discrete
random variable.

31. The standard deviation of a discrete random variable is the standard deviation of its:
A) frequency distribution C) probability distribution
B) percentage distribution D) first and fourth quartiles
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Calculate the standard deviation of a
discrete random variable.

Use the following to answer questions 32-33:

The following table lists the probability distribution of a discrete random variable x:

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P(x) 0.04 0.11 0.18 0.22 0.12 0.21 0.09 0.03

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32. The mean of the random variable x is:

Ans: 3.41
Difficulty level: low Objective: Calculate the mean of a discrete random variable.

33. The standard deviation of the random variable x, rounded to three decimal places, is:
Ans: 1.750
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Calculate the standard deviation of a discrete
random variable.

Use the following to answer questions 34-35:

The following table lists the probability distribution of a discrete random variable x:

x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(x) 0.15 0.32 0.2 0.13 0.12 0.06 0.02

34. The mean of the random variable x is:

Ans: 4.01
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Calculate the mean of a discrete random
variable.

35. The standard deviation of the random variable x, rounded to three decimal places, is:
Ans: 1.546
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Calculate the standard deviation of a discrete
random variable.

Use the following to answer questions 36-37:

The following table lists the probability distribution of a discrete random variable x:

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.19 0.38 0.22 0.12 0.06 0.03

36. The mean of the random variable x is:

Ans: 1.57
Difficulty level: low Objective: Calculate the mean of a discrete random variable.

37. The standard deviation of the random variable x, round to three decimal places, is:
Ans: 1.259
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Calculate the standard deviation of a discrete
random variable.

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Use the following to answer questions 38-39:

The following table lists the probability distribution of the number of HD-TVs owned by all
families in a city.

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.07 0.41 0.3 0.14 0.08

38. The mean number of HD-TVs owned by these families is:

Ans: 1.75
Difficulty level: low Objective: Calculate the mean of a discrete random variable.

39. The standard deviation of the number of HD-TVs owned by these families, rounded to
three decimal places, is:
Ans: 1.043
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Calculate the standard deviation of a discrete
random variable.

40. A Bernoulli trial is:

A) the trial of a court case
B) a repetition of a binomial experiment
C) a repetition of a probability distribution
D) the trial of a probability distribution
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Verify that an experiment satisfies the
conditions of a binomial experiment.

41. Which of the following is not a condition of the binomial experiment?

A) There are only two trials
B) Each trial has two and only two outcomes
C) p is the probability of success, q is the probability of failure, and p + q = 1
D) The trials are independent
Ans: A Difficulty level: low Objective: Verify that an experiment satisfies the
conditions of a binomial experiment.

42. In binomial experiments, the outcome called a "success" is an outcome:

A) that is always beneficial C) to which the question refers
B) that is linked to success D) that is favorable
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Explain how the assumed value of the
"probability of a success" affects the graph of the probability distribution of a binomial
random variable.

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43. The parameters of the binomial probability distribution are:

A) n, p, and q B) n, p, q, and x C) n, p, and x D) n and p
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Explain how the assumed value of the
"probability of a success" affects the graph of the probability distribution of a binomial
random variable.

44. The binomial probability distribution is symmetric if:

A) p is equal to 0.25 C) p is less than 0.50
B) p is equal to 0.50 D) p is greater than 0.50
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Construct a binomial probability
distribution with its graph in an applied context.

45. The binomial probability distribution is right-skewed if:

A) p is 0.25 or smaller C) p is less than 0.50
B) p is equal to 0.50 D) p is greater than 0.50
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Construct a binomial probability
distribution with its graph in an applied context.

46. The binomial probability distribution is left-skewed if:

A) p is 0.25 or greater C) p is less than 0.50
B) p is equal to 0.50 D) p is greater than 0.50
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Construct a binomial probability
distribution with its graph in an applied context.

47. The mean of a binomial distribution is equal to:

A) npq B) np C) square of npq D) square root of npq
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Calculate and interpret the mean and
standard deviation of a binomial random variable in the context of an application.

48. The standard deviation of a binomial distribution is equal to:

A) npq B) np C) square of npq D) square root of npq
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Calculate and interpret the mean and
standard deviation of a binomial random variable in the context of an application.

49. Which of the following is an example of a binomial experiment?

A) Rolling a die 10 times and observing for a number
B) Selecting five persons and observing whether they are in favor of an issue, against
it, or have no opinion
C) Tossing a coin 20 times and observing for a head or tail
D) Drawing three marbles from a box that contains red, blue, and yellow marbles
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Verify that an experiment satisfies the
conditions of a binomial experiment.

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 Chapter 5

50. Which of the following is not a binomial experiment?

A) Rolling a die 25 times and observing for an even or odd number
B) Randomly selecting 50 items from a production line and observing if they are good
or defective
C) Rolling a die 20 times and observing for a number that is less than or equal to 4 or
greater than 4
D) Selecting 50 adults and observing if they are in favor of an issue, against it, or have
no opinion
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Verify that an experiment satisfies the
conditions of a binomial experiment.

51. Eight percent of all college graduates hired by companies stay with the same company for
more than five years. The probability, rounded to four decimal places, that in a random
sample of 11 such college graduates hired recently by companies, exactly 3 will stay with
the same company for more than five years is:
Ans: 0.0434
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use a tree diagram and/or the binomial formula
to compute the probability of an event described by a binomial random variable.

52. Thirty-two percent of adults did not visit their physicians' offices last year. The
probability, rounded to four decimal places, that in a random sample of 8 adults, exactly 3
will say they did not visit their physicians' offices last year is:
Ans: 0.2668
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use a tree diagram and/or the binomial formula
to compute the probability of an event described by a binomial random variable.

53. Forty-four percent of customers who visit a department store make a purchase. The
probability, rounded to four decimal places, that in a random sample of 12 customers who
will visit this department store, exactly 7 will make a purchase is:
Ans: 0.1393
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use a tree diagram and/or the binomial formula
to compute the probability of an event described by a binomial random variable.

54. Five percent of all credit card holders eventually become delinquent. The probability,
rounded to four decimal places, that in a random sample of 21 credit card holders, exactly
3 will become delinquent is:
Ans: 0.0660
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use a tree diagram and/or the binomial formula
to compute the probability of an event described by a binomial random variable.

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 Chapter 5

55. Sixty percent of all children in a school do not have cavities. The probability, rounded to
four decimal places, that in a random sample of 9 children selected from this school, at
least 4 do not have cavities is:
Ans: 0.9006
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use a tree diagram and/or the binomial formula
to compute the probability of an event described by a binomial random variable.

56. Thirty percent of law students who sit for a bar exam pass it the first time. The
probability, rounded to four decimal places, that in a random sample of 15 law students
who will sit for the bar examination, at most 4 will pass it the first time is:
Ans: 0.5155
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use a tree diagram and/or the binomial formula
to compute the probability of an event described by a binomial random variable.

57. 27% of adults did not visit their physicians' offices last year. Let x be the number of
adults in a random sample of 30 adults who did not visit their physicians' offices last
year. The mean and standard deviation of the probability distribution of x, rounded to two
decimal places, are:
Part A: The mean is 8.10.
Part B: The standard deviation is 2.43.
Difficulty level: low Objective: Calculate and interpret the mean and standard
deviation of a binomial random variable in the context of an application.; Calculate and
interpret the mean and standard deviation of a discrete random variable in the context of
an application.

58. 57% of children in a school do not have cavities. Let x be the number of children in a
random sample of 50 children selected from this school who do not have cavities. The
mean and standard deviation of the probability distribution of x, rounded to two decimal
places, are:
Part A: The mean is 28.50.
Part B: The standard deviation is 3.50.
Difficulty level: low Objective: Calculate and interpret the mean and standard
deviation of a binomial random variable in the context of an application.; Calculate and
interpret the mean and standard deviation of a discrete random variable in the context of
an application.

59. The hypergeometric probability distribution can be used whenever:

A) a sample is drawn at random with replacement
B) successive trials are independent of each other
C) the probability of two outcomes remains constant
D) the population is finite and sampling occurs without replacement
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Use the hypergeometric formula to
calculate the probability of an event described by a hypergeometric random variable.

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60. Which of the following is not a condition to apply the Poisson probability distribution?
A) x is a discrete random variable C) The occurrences are random
B) There are n identical occurrences D) The occurrences are independent
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Define the characteristics of a Poisson
random variable.

61. The parameter(s) of the Poisson probability distribution is(are):

A) n, x, and  B) n and  C)  D)  and x
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Define the characteristics of a Poisson
random variable.

62. For  = 4.7, the probability of x = 3, rounded to four decimal places, is:
Ans: 0.1574
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the Poisson formula to compute the
probability of an event given a specific value.

63. For  = 3.5, the probability of P(x < 4), rounded to four decimal places, is:
Ans: 0.5366
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the Poisson formula to compute the
probability of an event given a specific value.

64. For  = 4.7, the probability of P(x > 3), rounded to four decimal places, is:
Ans: 0.6903
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the Poisson formula to compute the
probability of an event given a specific value.

Use the following to answer questions 65-67:

A manufacturer packages bolts in boxes containing 100 each. Each box of 100 bolts contains, on
average, 6 defective bolts. The quality control staff randomly selects a box at the end of the day
from an entire production run.

65. What is the probability, rounded to four decimal places, that the box will contain exactly
7 defective bolts?
Ans: 0.1377
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the Poisson formula to compute the
probability of an event given a specific value.

66. What is the probability, rounded to four decimal places, that the box will contain at most
6 defective bolts?
Ans: 0.6063
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the Poisson formula to compute the
probability of an event given a specific value.

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 Chapter 5

67. What is the probability, rounded to four decimal places, that the box will contain less
than 7 defective bolts?
Ans: 0.6063
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the Poisson formula to compute the
probability of an event given a specific value.

Use the following to answer questions 68-70:

Historical data indicates that Rickenbacker Airlines receives an average of 2.9 complaints per
day.

68. What is the probability, rounded to four decimal places, that on a given day,
Rickenbacker Airlines will receive exactly 1 complaints?
Ans: 0.1596
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the Poisson formula to compute the
probability of an event given a specific value.

69. What is the probability, rounded to four decimal places, that on a given day,
Rickenbacker Airlines will receive at least 5 complaints?
Ans: 0.1682
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the Poisson formula to compute the
probability of an event given a specific value.

70. What is the probability, rounded to four decimal places, that on a given day,
Rickenbacker Airlines will receive less than 3 complaints?
Ans: 0.4460
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the Poisson formula to compute the
probability of an event given a specific value.

71. It costs $7.25 to play a very simple game, in which a dealer gives you one card from a
deck of 52 cards. If the card is a heart, spade, or diamond, you lose. If the card is a club
other than the queen of clubs, you win $11.50. If the card is the queen of clubs, you win
$49.50. The random variable x represents your net gain from playing this game once, or
your winnings minus the cost to play. What is the mean of x, rounded to the nearest
penny?
Ans: -$3.64
Difficulty level: high Objective: Use the hypergeometric formula to calculate the
probability of an event described by a hypergeometric random variable.

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 Chapter 5

72. All 10 of the orangutans at a certain zoo contract a very serious disease which claims
84% of its victims (if an orangutan contracts the disease, the probability that it will die is
0.84). What is the probability, rounded to four decimal places, that exactly 1 of the
orangutans at this zoo will survive?
Ans: 0.3331
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the hypergeometric formula to calculate
the probability of an event described by a hypergeometric random variable.

73. The number of small air bubbles per 3 feet by 3 feet plastic sheet has a Poisson
distribution with a mean number of 2.8 per sheet. What percent of these sheets have no
air bubbles?
Ans: 0.0608
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the Poisson formula to compute the
probability of an event given a specific value.

74. The mean number of accidents to occur at a busy intersection during a 24-hour period has
a Poisson distribution. If the probability of no accidents during a 24-hour period is
0.1165, what is the mean number of accidents, rounded to two decimal places, per
24-hour period?
Ans: 2.15
Difficulty level: high Objective: Use the Poisson formula to compute the probability
of an event given a specific value.

75. Let N = 15, r = 6, and n = 4. Using the hypergeometric probability distribution formula,
find P(x = 0). Round your answer to four decimal places.
Ans: 0.0000
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the hypergeometric formula to calculate
the probability of an event described by a hypergeometric random variable.

76. Let N = 10, r = 6, and n = 7. Using the hypergeometric probability distribution formula,
find P(x = 0). Round your answer to four decimal places.
Ans: 0.0333
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Use the hypergeometric formula to calculate
the probability of an event described by a hypergeometric random variable.

77. Let N = 15, r = 5, and n = 2. Using the hypergeometric probability distribution formula,
find P(x  1). Round your answer to four decimal places.
Ans: 0.9048
Difficulty level: high Objective: Use the hypergeometric formula to calculate the
probability of an event described by a hypergeometric random variable.

78. A survey show that out of 1,000 households surveyed, 392 own one car, 432 own two
cars, 153 own three cars, and 23 own 4 or more cars. Construct the probability
distribution for this data.
Ans:

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Test Bank for Introductory Statistics, 9th Edition, Prem S. Mann

Chapter 5

Number of cars Probability

owned
1 0.392
2 0.432
3 0.153
4 or more 0.023

Difficulty level: high Objective: Construct the probability distribution of a random

variable in the context of an application.

79. A survey of 1,000 households gives the probability distribution:

Number of cars Probability
owned
1 0.428
2 0.322
3 0.228
4 or more 0.022

Is this a valid probability distribution?

A) Yes B) No
Ans: A Difficulty level: high Objective: Determine whether a given table or
graph possesses the two characteristics of a probability distribution.

Page 14

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