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Unit 2 Quadratics Imaginary Numbers

Algebra 2 w/ Trigonometry Guided Notes on Imaginary Numbers/ Imaginary Solutions to Quadratic Equations

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27 views

Unit 2 Quadratics Imaginary Numbers

Algebra 2 w/ Trigonometry Guided Notes on Imaginary Numbers/ Imaginary Solutions to Quadratic Equations

Uploaded by

vtriv95
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2: Quadratics

Intro to Imaginary Numbers

A) Review: Finding quadratic roots


B) Imaginary numbers

A) Review

What are the roots of a quadratic function?

→ Graphically, the roots of the quadratic function are values of ____ when _____ equals

zero (in other words, the values of ___ when the graph crosses the ________________)

Example: (x + 2)2 - 1 This is a quadratic in __________ form

Here you can see the roots are x = -3 and x = -1


→ Algebraically, you can also find the roots when you set the __________________

equal to zero.

2
Example: (𝑥 + 2) - 1

2
Set the function equal (𝑥 + 2) - 1 = 0
to zero and solve for x

2
Add 1 to both sides (𝑥 + 2) = 1

2
Square root both sides (𝑥 + 2) = 1

Note: square root of 1 is both 1 AND -1


kjlkjlkjlkjlkjlkjlkjlkjlkjlkjlkjlkj (because -1 times -1 is also 1)

Subtract 2 from both sides (x + 2) = 1

x= 1 -2

Evaluate x x = -1 - 2 and x = 1 - 2

Thus, x = -3 and x = -1

For quadratic expressions not in vertex form, finding roots involves different methods.
There are three methods for finding the roots of the quadratic equation. The methods
are:

1. __________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________
Method 2: Completing the Square

2
Example: f(x) = 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 25 (This is a quadratic in_____________ form)
Step 1: Divide entire equation by a (leading coefficient)
In this case a = 1 so nothing changes

Step 2: move constants to one side


2
𝑥 − 6𝑥 = 25 − 9
2
𝑥 − 6𝑥 = 16

𝑏 2
Step 3: add ( 2 ) to both sides

b=-6
2 −6 2 −6 2
𝑥 − 6𝑥 + ( 2
) = 16 + ( 2
)
2
𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 25

Step 4: factor and solve using the factorization method (except the
equation is set to a constant instead of zero)
2
Method 1: Factorization: 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 25
a) Identify a, b, and c
a=1 , b=-6, c=9

b) Find a*c
1*9=9

c) Pick the factors of a*c (9) that add up to b (-6)


-3 * -3 = 9
-3 + (-3) = -6
d) Rewrite equation breaking up the middle term into the factors
2
𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 25
2
𝑥 − 3𝑥 + (− 3𝑥) + 9 = 25

e) Divide into 2 parentheses


2
(𝑥 − 3𝑥) + (− 3𝑥 + 9) = 25

f) Take out common factor from each parentheses until the


parentheses are identical
𝑥(𝑥 − 3) + (− 3) (𝑥 − 3) = 25

Simplify: 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) − 3(𝑥 − 3) = 25

g) Group leading coefficients and parentheses together

𝑥(𝑥 − 3) − 3(𝑥 − 3) = 25
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 3) = 25

h) Rewrite:
2
(𝑥 − 3) = 25

i) Square root both sides:

(𝑥 − 3) = 25
(𝑥 − 3) = ±5 (because both -52 and 52 equals 25)

j) Add three to both sides to solve for x


𝑥= ±5 +3

k) Identify roots
X = 3 - 5 and x = 3 + 5
x = - 2 and x = 8
Method 3: Using the Quadratic Formula

Example: f(x) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 8) This is a quadratic in _____________ form)

1) Rewrite equation into standard form, if needed

FOIL Method:
First: ___________________
+ Inside: __________________
+ Outside: _________________
+ Last: ____________________

2
→ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 16

2) Identify your a, b, and c values


a = _____________
b = _____________
c = _____________
3) Plug values into formula
2
−(−6) ± ((−6) )−4(1)(−16)
𝑥 = 2𝑎

6 ± 36+64 100
𝑥= 2
= 3± 2
= 3±5
→ x= 3 + 5 and x= 3 - 5
→ x= 8 and x= -2

2
Graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 16

NO!
Not all quadratics will intersect the x-axis.

Looking at a graph, we can easily visualize this.

But what about algebraically?

This is where imaginary numbers come into play.


B) Introduction to Imaginary Numbers

What is an imaginary number?


An imaginary number is defined as 𝑖 = − 1 (𝑖 is its symbol)

Can any number multiplied by itself equal a negative number?

✨ ✨
----> no, right?
This is why we call it “imaginary”

Let’s look at an example where we find the roots of a quadratic through completing
the square method..
2
Algebraically we found that the roots of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 5 are a complex
number. A complex number is a number that has both imaginary (𝑖) and real (2)
components. Because it has an imaginary component, complex roots are not
considered real roots. Therefore, the graph of this function does not touch the x-axis
at any point.
Powers of Imaginary Numbers

One of the properties of 𝑖 is that:


2 2
𝑖 = ( − 1) = −1

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