Download Full Version ebookmass - Visit ebookmass.

com

Analytics Enabled Decision Making Vinod Sharma

https://ebookmass.com/product/analytics-enabled-decision-
making-vinod-sharma/

OR CLICK HERE

DOWLOAD NOW

Discover More Ebook - Explore Now at ebookmass.com

 Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) ready for you
Download now and discover formats that fit your needs...

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Travel

Industry: Simplifying Complex Decision Making Ben Vinod

https://ebookmass.com/product/artificial-intelligence-and-machine-
learning-in-the-travel-industry-simplifying-complex-decision-making-
ben-vinod/
ebookmass.com

Modern Business Analytics: Practical Data Science for

Decision-making Matt Taddy

https://ebookmass.com/product/modern-business-analytics-practical-
data-science-for-decision-making-matt-taddy/

ebookmass.com

Business Analytics: Data Analysis & Decision Making

(MindTap Course List) 7th Edition Albright

https://ebookmass.com/product/business-analytics-data-analysis-
decision-making-mindtap-course-list-7th-edition-albright/

ebookmass.com

Black/Africana Communication Theory 1st ed. Edition

Kehbuma Langmia

https://ebookmass.com/product/black-africana-communication-theory-1st-
ed-edition-kehbuma-langmia/

ebookmass.com
The Commune: Parata Occult Mysteries, Book 3 Brian Hill

https://ebookmass.com/product/the-commune-parata-occult-mysteries-
book-3-brian-hill/

ebookmass.com

eTextbook 978-0205997930 Personality: Classic Theories and

Modern Research

https://ebookmass.com/product/etextbook-978-0205997930-personality-
classic-theories-and-modern-research/

ebookmass.com

Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques 3rd Edition, (Ebook PDF)

https://ebookmass.com/product/atlas-of-osteopathic-techniques-3rd-
edition-ebook-pdf/

ebookmass.com

The Killings at Kingfisher Hill (The New Hercule Poirot

Mysteries #4) Sophie Hannah [Hannah

https://ebookmass.com/product/the-killings-at-kingfisher-hill-the-new-
hercule-poirot-mysteries-4-sophie-hannah-hannah/

ebookmass.com

China and the West: A Pragmatic Confucian's View Yao Yang

https://ebookmass.com/product/china-and-the-west-a-pragmatic-
confucians-view-yao-yang/

ebookmass.com
Paleobiology of the Polycystine Radiolaria 1st Edition
David Lazarus

https://ebookmass.com/product/paleobiology-of-the-polycystine-
radiolaria-1st-edition-david-lazarus/

ebookmass.com
Analytics Enabled
Decision Making
Edited by
Vinod Sharma
Chandan Maheshkar
Jeanne Poulose
 Analytics Enabled Decision Making

“Analytics has become critically important in all aspects of the business. If you
want to familiarize yourself with cutting-edge thinking on this topic, do read
‘Analytics Enabled Decision Making ’. It provides an excellent introduction to
analytics in key areas of decision-making.”
—Professor Jochen Wirtz, Vice Dean MBA Programmes, National University of
Singapore
Vinod Sharma · Chandan Maheshkar ·
Jeanne Poulose
Editors

Analytics Enabled
Decision Making
Editors
Vinod Sharma Chandan Maheshkar
Symbiosis Centre for Management East Nimar Education Society
and Human Resource Development Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
(SCMHRD)
Symbiosis International (Deemed
University)
Pune, Maharashtra, India

Jeanne Poulose
CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

ISBN 978-981-19-9657-3 ISBN 978-981-19-9658-0 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9658-0

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer
Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights
of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and
retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such
names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for
general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and informa-
tion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither
the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with
respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been
made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps
and institutional affiliations.

This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
Singapore Pte Ltd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore
189721, Singapore
 Foreword

The use of analytics can be found as far back as the nineteenth century
when Frederick Winslow Taylor initiated time management exercises.
Another example is when Henry Ford measured the speed of assembly
lines. In the late 1960s, analytics began receiving more attention as
computers became decision-making support systems.
Today, Data, undoubtedly, is what we get to see almost anywhere and
everywhere. Needless to say, the Data is enormous and does not stop
there; it is growing at a pace beyond imagination! Data is not just about
numbers; it is more than just digits! It is no longer just a tool for analysing
what has already happened. It is used to inform decisions and helps us
understand what may happen in the future. An enterprise needs to have a
data-driven culture so that it can make better decisions with confidence.
This book provides a valuable window on information assurance and
covers the necessary components of how today, owing to the amalga-
mation of an increasingly complicated world, the vast proliferation of
data and the pressing desire to stay at the forefront of competition has
prompted organizations to focus on using analytics for driving strategic
business decisions. The chapters provide an in-depth view of analytics,
with its far-reaching use cases and diverse applications now emerging as
the keystone of strategic business decision making. From enabling busi-
nesses to make consumer-oriented marketing decisions to helping them
address key operational inefficiencies, analytics is radically changing the
perception of the importance of data. Advanced statistical models are

v
vi FOREWORD

furthering this cause by providing valuable insights from unconventional

data sets and enabling companies to explore new business territories.
In this volatile environment of data-driven disruption, organiza-
tions must look through two lenses simultaneously. Firstly, they must
identify high-risk and rewarding opportunities, such as entering new
markets and changing existing business models. Secondly, they must focus
on including analytics in their core business decision-making process.
By embedding data analytics into their core strategy, organizations
can streamline internal business processes, identify unfolding consumer
trends, interpret and monitor emerging risks, and build mechanisms for
constant feedback and improvement. Driving analytical transformations
will thereby enable organizations to gain a competitive edge and stay at
the forefront of digital disruption.
Having seen how “analytics” has evolved over the years, from manually
getting the tasks done to inventing sophisticated platforms and algo-
rithms, it would not be surprising to see what it has in store for the future
and how technologically advanced the world will become. Gearing up for
better and more advanced technologies ahead!

Dr. Anish Agarwal

Director Analytics,
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories,
Hyderabad, India
 Preface

Nimbleness, resilience and transparency are the new norms in decision

making, given the volume, variety and velocity of the data being gener-
ated and managed every minute. Business analytics comes to the aid of
decision-makers in this context by combining data, mathematical and
statistical models, and information technology to produce insightful alter-
natives. It provides systematic mechanisms to explore a range of contexts,
factors and relationships to gain insights and drive business in competi-
tive settings. In simple words, analytics equips practitioners with business
intelligence and the predictive capabilities needed to navigate the volatile
and ever-changing work environment. Globalization and increasing tech-
nological interventions have created new challenges for organizations
that compel them to look for strategies to ensure their competence
and control operational sustainability. The increased attention that the
analytics domain is garnering can be ascertained by the explosion in the
number and variety of data science and analytics-related job openings in
almost every domain, be it marketing, finance, HR, sports or medicine.
The demand for data analysts with critical thinking and interpersonal skills
has risen enormously. A report by Imarticus Learning suggests that in
India alone, the analytics and data science jobs have seen a jump of 30%
in April 2022 as compared to April 2021.
Along with the number of jobs, the compensation packages have
exploded, with the annual data science package going up by almost 25.4%.
Data analytics professionals are witnessing growth in median salaries to
35%. It indicates that organizations increasingly acknowledge the impor-
tance of data literacy among their employees. They have also commenced
vii
viii PREFACE

investing in the data training of their employees, having understood the

tangible benefits of better decision-making capability among employees
and lower employee turnover. The scope of analytics is thus continu-
ously expanding, leading to an increased demand for trained individuals.
This people demand is only set to increase given the digital transforma-
tion that almost every sector, including retail, banking, healthcare, etc, is
witnessing.
This rapid growth has stimulated the interest of students and working
professionals worldwide to acquire knowledge in this field. Scholars and
practitioners are also trying to explore and add further the existing body
of knowledge. While a reasonable number of books talk about busi-
ness analytics, their emphasis is largely conceptual. This book, Analytics
Enabled Decision Making, is also a sincere effort to fill the existing
gap by addressing the need for content on applying analytics in deci-
sion making in the real world. It provides critical insights into decision
making and enables its readers to consider analytics tools in different
cases and contexts critically. This book would empower practitioners
and scholars with an advanced understanding of analytical methodolo-
gies for decision making. Since this book will be an edited volume, it
offers different methodological perspectives and eliminates gaps between
theory and practice by eliminating dubious assumptions regarding which
decision-making practices have been considered. The book’s coverage
has considered the relationship between analytical/statistical theory and
practice for explaining different concepts, the character of variables, and
possible relationships among these variables and influencers in the runtime
business environment. All the chapters are attributed that ‘relevance’ and
‘being critical’ are qualities that fill the gaps between theory and prac-
tice in the knowledge economy, which would make this book universally
acceptable.
Chapter “Analytics Enabled Decision Making “Tracing the Journey
from Data to Decisions ”,” by the editors of this book, introduces analytics
and analytics-enabled decision making and enlightens the potential of
analytics to drive decision making. This chapter presents a decision-
making framework exhibiting how the decision-making functions. The
authors have used different contexts and cases to establish the relevance
of each step of this decision-making framework.
Chapter “Algorithms as Decision-Makers,” by Rauno Rusko, Sanna-
Annika Koivisto and Sara Jestilä, presents algorithms as decision-makers.
It showcases the role of DMA and DSA in algorithm-based decision
 PREFACE ix

making. This literature review-based chapter uses the case of Wolt

Enterprise for its algorithm-based business model.
Chapter “Influence of Big Data Analytics on Business Intelligence,”
by Sudhanshu Kumar Guru, highlights how the advancement of Internet
technology and Cloud computing, Big Data became popular for big and
mid-level businesses. The chapter provides a fundamental understanding
of data warehousing and BI to compel progressive transformation of busi-
ness processes with Big Data analytics. It explains how Big Data analytics
influences BI processes. This chapter lets the readers conceptualize the
power of Big Data analytics, which can handle high volumes of data.
Chapter “Determining the Degree of Dominance of Factors Deriving
the Comparative Choice Hierarchy: An Operational Generalization
of Latent Choice Models,” by Salman Cheema, Tanveer Kifayat, Irene
L. Hudson, Asif Mehmood, Kalim Ullah, and Abdur R. Rahman, deter-
mines the dominance of factors responsible for comparative choice hier-
archy. It presents an operational generalization of latent choice models.
The chapter demonstrates the application of a well-cherished exponen-
tial family of distributions. Authors have used the varying extent of
worth parameters describing the preference order, different sample sizes
and distinguished stochastic formations to utilize the historical data to
describe choice behaviours.
Chapter “Baseball Informatics—From MiLB to MLB Debut,” by
Chung-Hao Lee and Woei-jyh Lee, concentrates on Baseball Informatics.
Authors have presented analytics to estimate players’ likelihood of being
a part of the Major League. They performed exploratory data analysis
to filter non-baseball data and baseball performance variables. They have
used machine learning techniques to analyse and rank stats and data vari-
ables. The chapter compared four sets of variable selections to train and
validate models to predict the likelihood of a drafted player reaching the
Major Leagues.
Chapter “Efficacy of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a Tool
for Predictive Analytics,” by Deepti Sinha, Pradeepta Kumar Sarangi and
Sachin Sinha, is focused on defining predictive analytics and the tools used
in predictive analytics, with a particular orientation on artificial neural
networks. The chapter establishes ANN as an effective technique for
making appropriate predictions, thereby contributing to decision making
in various spheres using the outcomes from various research.
Chapter “The Role of Financial Analytics in Decision-Making
for Better Firm Performance,” by Sangeetha Rangasamy, Kavitha
x PREFACE

Rajamohan, Anju Kalluvelil Janardhanan, and K. S. Manu, focuses on

the role of financial analytics in decision making concerning a firm’s
compelling performance. Thus, the chapter discusses the evolution of
big data analytics, the theoretical underpinnings of financial analytics, and
SWOC analysis.
Chapter “Using Analytics to Manage and Predict Employee Perfor-
mance,” by James E. Phelan, provides an overview of several human
behaviour/psychological analytics that can be used to assess current
performances and predict future performance. Further, the chapter
presents case illustrations for using analytics to attain meaningful data that
improve corporate performance. The author presented ways to control
uncertainty and enhance organizations’ performance through analytics.
Chapter “Using Analytics to Manage Employee Behavioural Traits
and Predict Employee Performance,” by Namita Mangal, explores the
importance of HR analytics for performance management and the metrics
used by organizations for measuring employee engagement and perfor-
mance management. The chapter explains how predictive analytics can
identify the factors influencing individual or team performance.
Chapter “Platform Business Model for Intelligent Supply Chain Oper-
ations,” by Manikandan M. K. Manicka, highlights platform business
as a new-age business model. According to the author, this business
format greatly impacts how business operations are executed. The chapter
describes that the platform business model makes the entire business oper-
ations more transparent. Real-time data transfer is leading to efficiency
across the entire supply chain operations.
Chapter “The Role of Consumption in the Identity Formation
of Conservative Women: A Web Analytics and Netnographic Explo-
ration,” by Altan Kar, Rifat Kamasak and Baris Yalcinkaya, explains the
web analytics and netnography approaches. The chapter presents an
empirical investigation of the consumption patterns of traditional and
modern women in Turkey using the Search Engine Results Page (SERP)
and thematic analyses.
Chapter “Using Analytics to Measure the Impact of Pollution Param-
eters in Major Cities of India,” by Manohar Kapse, N. Elangovan,
Abhishek Kumar, and Joseph Durai Selvam, measures the impact of pollu-
tion parameters in major cities of India. This chapter relates the air
pollution levels with the spread of Covid-19 in the major cities of India
during the second phase of the pandemic. The results showcased in this
chapter state that some pollutants positively and negatively affect the level
of infection.
 PREFACE xi

Analytics empowers practitioners with an epistemology to assess, eval-

uate and implement decisions to achieve intended objectives. It helps
to generate better insights into decision making, analyse the impacts of
decisions upon their implementations and make corrective measures. It
also enables practitioners to appreciate the dynamics of their organiza-
tion, predict shifts in their areas of operations, and manage risks. The
book tries to capture these aspects through the contributions of various
authors.
The chapters sufficiently communicate the intended objectives. This
book is helpful to stakeholders involved in decision-making practices with
its concepts and cases, which enable them to embrace the potential of
analytics to discover and interpret opportunities and challenges via the
systematic study of data. This book can serve as a reference for practi-
tioners, academicians and scholars. The impetus for the editors to present
this book volume is to encourage the use of analytics in decision making
so that organizations can maintain pace with competition and competence
in a dynamic socio-economic environment.

Vinod Sharma
Symbiosis Centre for Management
and Human Resource
Development
Symbiosis International University
Pune, India
Chandan Maheshkar
Centre of Internal Quality
Assurance
Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open)
University
Bhopal, India
Jeanne Poulose
School of Business
and Management
CHRIST (Deemed to be
University)
Ghaziabad, India
 Acknowledgements

In the Name of God, Most

Gracious, Most Merciful
This book ‘Analytics Enabled Decision Making ’ is a collection of plen-
tiful research works by authors and researchers from different professional
backgrounds and countries. We want to thank all the academicians,
researchers, reviewers and individuals whose sincere efforts have helped
us complete this book in the best possible manner.
We are extremely thankful to Professor Jochen Wirtz, Vice Dean of
MBA Programmes, National University of Singapore, for providing an
endorsement for the book. Their invaluable words of appreciation will
help every one of us to understand the real worth of our hard work.
We are highly thankful to Dr. Anish Agarwal, Director of Analytics,
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, for sparing their valuable time and penning
the book’s foreword. We consider ourselves truly fortunate for the
encouragement we received from him.
Special thanks to all the reviewers who gave their precious time and
made sincere efforts to review all the manuscripts. Their honest sugges-
tions and advice helped us enrich the quality of the chapters of the
book.
We are grateful to all the authors who have contributed their work to
this book. Also, we thank the people who permitted them to execute their

xiii
xiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

research and develop chapters through current descriptions to make this

book a noteworthy contribution in the area of analytics.
The contribution of our families can never be undermined for bearing
with us while we pretended to work. Their love, sacrifice and support
helped us focus and continue in this direction. We are also grateful for
the support of our colleagues, both past and present.
Above all, we are thankful to the almighty for his continued blessings
upon us. We wish to pray to the Almighty for his kindness and eternal
grace on us at all times to help us accomplish our goals.
 Contents

Analytics Enabled Decision Making “Tracing the Journey

from Data to Decisions ” 1
Vinod Sharma, Jeanne Poulose, and Chandan Maheshkar
Algorithms as Decision-Makers 23
Rauno Rusko, Sanna-Annika Koivisto, and Sara Jestilä
Influence of Big Data Analytics on Business Intelligence 45
Sudhanshu Kumar Guru
Determining the Degree of Dominance of Factors Deriving
the Comparative Choice Hierarchy: An Operational
Generalization of Latent Choice Models 59
Salman A. Cheema, Tanveer Kifayat, Irene L. Hudson,
Asif Mehmood, Kalim Ullah, and Abdur R. Rahman
Baseball Informatics—From MiLB to MLB Debut 89
Chung-Hao Lee and Woei-jyh Lee
Efficacy of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a Tool
for Predictive Analytics 123
Deepti Sinha, Pradeepta Kumar Sarangi, and Sachin Sinha

xv
xvi CONTENTS

The Role of Financial Analytics in Decision-Making

for Better Firm Performance 139
Sangeetha Rangasamy, Kavitha Rajamohan,
Anju Kalluvelil Janardhanan, and K. S. Manu
Using Analytics to Manage and Predict Employee
Performance 171
James E. Phelan
Using Analytics to Manage Employee Behavioural Traits
and Predict Employee Performance 203
Namita Mangal
Platform Business Model for Intelligent Supply Chain
Operations 227
Manikandan M. K. Manicka
The Role of Consumption in the Identity
Formation of Conservative Women: A Web Analytics
and Netnographic Exploration 245
Altan Kar, Rifat Kamasak, and Baris Yalcinkaya
Using Analytics to Measure the Impact of Pollution
Parameters in Major Cities of India 265
Manohar Kapse, N. Elangovan, Abhishek Kumar,
and Joseph Durai Selvam

Index 281
 Notes on Contributors

Salman A. Cheema is currently serving National Textile University

Faisalabad, Pakistan in the role of Assistant Professor of Statistics. Dr.
Cheema gained his Ph.D. Degree from University of Newcastle, Australia.
He completed his graduation from Virginia Tech, USA. His research
interests include, data masking, privacy protection in the self-reported
data, analysis of choice behaviours and utility determinants, negotiation
strategies and health surveillance. His collaborative research has been
published at forums such as Sociological Research and Methods, Commu-
nication in Statistics, Stat and Optik. He is a regular speaker at Modelling
and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand.
N. Elangovan is Associate Professor in the School of Business and
Management at Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India. He
also coordinates the Ph.D. Programme at the School. He was earlier the
Director of the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), Kannur
Campus. He comes to academics after a long experience in running a
textile business. He earned a Ph.D. in Management Science from Anna
University, Chennai, India. He holds an MBA in Marketing and an M.Sc.
in Psychology. He also holds a BE in Mechanical from Bharathiar Univer-
sity and a B.A. in psychology from Madras University. He has published
in journals including the International Journal of enterprise resource plan-
ning, MethodsX, Journal of International Technology and Information
Management and International Journal of Innovation and Technology

xvii
xviii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Management. His research interest is in the areas of Strategic Informa-

tion Systems, Entrepreneurship, Consumer behaviour studies, Design and
innovation. His book chapters have appeared in “Research into Design
for a Connected World, Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies”
published by Springer and “Handbook of Research on Remote Work and
Worker Well-Being in the Post-COVID-19 Era” published by IGI Global.
Sudhanshu Kumar Guru is currently working as Solution Architect in
Micron a world-leading organization in memory chip manufacturing, in
India. He has 15 years of IT experience with depth in Data Technologies,
Cloud and Business Intelligence. He loves to solve complex data problems
with the help of modern data platforms and tools like Cloud computing,
Big Data, Machine Learning etc. Sudhanshu has completed M.Tech. from
BITS Pilani with specialization in Data Analytics. He loves mentoring
college graduates and professionals in the field of Information Tech-
nology. Prior to working with Micron, He has worked with Accenture
and EPAM systems in the USA and India. He lives in Hyderabad.
Irene L. Hudson is a professor of Statistics and Data Analytics, Royal
Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Australia and Conjoint
Professor, the University of Newcastle Australia. Prof. Hudson is elected
fellow of Royal Statistical Society. She has co-authored two books,
numerous book chapters, journal articles and conference proceedings.
Her collaborative research interests include health surveillance, gender
studies, drug discovery, informatics, data visualization, causal inference
and climate change analytics. Over the years, her research has been
appreciated by a wide range of academic research circles.
Anju Kalluvelil Janardhanan is a higher education academic with a
paramount vision to achieve successful outcomes for stakeholders. She
has extensive experience in teaching graduate and postgraduate learners
from varied nationalities in the areas of Accounting, Finance and General
Management. She has successfully embedded activities and resources into
her professional practice which support and enhance the student learning
experience both in Australia and overseas. Currently, she is working as
a Lecturer with Crown Institute of Higher Education, North Sydney,
NSW, Australia. Her average teaching feedback is 4.4/5 in the last two
years. Her research articles have received several best paper awards and
are published in academic journals of international repute. Her qualifi-
cations include Ph.D. (Commerce), M.Phil. (Commerce), MBA (General
 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xix

Management), M.Com. (Financial Management) and B.Com. (Taxation).

She is an IBM Certified Business Analyst, Member—Institute of Public
Accountants Australia, Associate—Institute of Financial Accountants UK,
Certified Microsoft Innovative Educator, MIE Trainer, Certified Peer
Reviewer, UGC NET qualified Assistant Professor in Commerce and
ACCP Advanced Diploma in Software Engineering.
Sara Jestilä is a project designer at the University of Lapland. She is
specialized in organizational and business development and digitalization.
She has worked on projects regarding these specialized areas as a project
designer and project manager.
Rifat Kamasak is Professor of Management and Strategy at Yeditepe
University, Istanbul, Turkey. He also holds board membership posi-
tions in several companies listed in Istanbul Stock Exchange (Borsa
Istanbul, BIST—100). He worked in the food, confectionery, carpet,
textile, aluminum, metal, retailing, trading and consulting industries for
nearly twenty years. He has done research, consultancy and training at a
large number of organizations and runs his family’s traditional hand-made
carpet business. Having completed his bachelor’s degree in economics
and postgraduate diploma in international management in the University
of Istanbul, he received his M.A. in marketing from Middlesex University
London, M.A. in management from Durham University, and M.Sc. in
applied linguistics from the University of Oxford and Ph.D. in manage-
ment studies from the University of Exeter (2014). His primary interest
areas are strategic management, knowledge and innovation and diversity
management.
Manohar Kapse has more than 15 years of teaching experience at
UG and PG levels in various programs. He has taught Machine
Learning, Statistics, Multivariate Analysis, R, SPSS, Research Method-
ology, and Quantitative Techniques. He had also conducted many work-
shops on SPSS, R, and Machine Learning as Resource Person in many
renowned organizations. Other than teaching, he is also involved in statis-
tical consultancy to researchers working in different domains. He had
published more than 20 research papers, many cases, and a book. His
research interest lies in the application of Machine Learning using R to
problems in various disciplines. Presently he is associated with Symbiosis
International University, Pune, SCMHRD as Assistant Professor in Busi-
ness Analytics. He had been awarded a Ph.D. in Management from the
xx NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Institute of Management Studies, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya Indore,

M.Phil. in Statistics, Master’s Degree in Statistics, and presently pursuing
an MBA (Data Science and Analytics).
Altan Kar is Associate Professor of Sociology at Yeditepe University,
Istanbul Turkey and she acts as the head of E-business department.
She has thirty years of experience in the higher education, training and
consulting industries. Altan Kar has conducted research in consumer
behaviour, cross-cultural studies, sociology of communication, people’s
body and identity formation and fashion, and popular culture related
consumption patterns of social media users. She is an activist and engaged
scholar, driven by values of equality for all in work and society. Her
recent project which included more than three hundred 65+ aged indi-
viduals aimed to increase the e-literacy awareness of the participants has
been completed with great success. She has a bachelor’s degree in social
anthropology and holds master’s and Ph.D. degrees in sociology.
Tanveer Kifayat earned her doctoral degree in Statistics. Her research
advances the methodological tools for the exploration of latent choice
phenomena through paired comparison models. Her collaborative
research has been appreciated at reputed forums such as, Communication
in Statistics, Computers, Materials & Continua and Applied Sciences.
Sanna-Annika Koivisto is an M.A. in education and a project manager
at the University of Lapland. She is specialized in, e.g., leadership
phenomenon, organizational development, digitalization and education.
Abhishek Kumar is working in TCS as a Business analyst for the past 10
years. He has a rich experience in the analysis of customer requirements
and providing on-time delivery. He has worked in domains like Retail,
Healthcare and Banking. For the past few years, banking is his major area
of specialization.
Chung-Hao Lee was a research assistant at the University of Maryland,
College Park (UMD). He holds a bachelor’s degree from the National
Tsing Hua University and a master’s degrees from UMD. His works
focus on data analytics, machine learning, and supply chain analytics. As
an avid baseball fan, he has great domain knowledge of all aspects of base-
ball. That’s why he chose baseball as his first analytics topic. He received
recognition from the UMD as an outstanding graduate student award
nomination and case competitions prize winner.
 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xxi

Woei-jyh Lee received BSE degree from the National Taiwan Univer-
sity, M.S. degree from the Courant Institute at New York University and
Ph.D. degree from the University of Maryland at College Park (UMD).
Chandan Maheshkar is a Senior Consultant at the Centre for Internal
Quality Assurance (CIQA), Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University,
Bhopal, India. He has served several management institutes in central
India including the University of Indore, India, in various academic roles.
Also, he is one of the founders of the East Nimar Society for Education
(2019) dedicated to quality improvement in higher education and the
development of educator competencies. Dr. Maheshkar earned his MBA
and Ph.D. from the University of Indore, India. In 2014, the Univer-
sity of Indore awarded him Golden Jubilee Research Scholarship on the
occasion of the completion of its successful 50 years. Business education,
HRD, Cross-Culture Business, and organizational behaviour are his core
areas of research interest.
Namita Mangal is working as an assistant professor at SGT University.
She has done her Ph.D. from FAM, University of Delhi. Her research is in
the field of Cross-cultural management and organizational development.
She has expertise in statistical tools like SPSS, AMOS, R and Tableau. She
has taught HR Analytics at several reputed institutes. She has a passion for
research and has several publications on her name. She has around four
years of academic and industry experience.
Manikandan M. K. Manicka is a seasoned teacher of marketing subjects.
He has eighteen years of teaching experience. Dr. Manikandan has done
his Ph.D. from Anna University Chennai, in the area of Private Label
Brands. He has published 14 research articles and has presented papers
at international and national conferences. He is currently associated with
CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru as Assistant Professor.
Dr. Manikandan strongly feels that the activities of Marketing are in tran-
sition due to the disruption caused by technology. Marketing will embrace
more concepts and techniques that are specific to operations management
for better value creation for the customers. Dr. Manikandan MK Manicka
has handled courses related to operations like Supply Chain Manage-
ment, Material Management, and Operations Management. He is keen
to explore the opportunity that is provided by Services Operations. There
is a big scope to create more value for both the company and customers
through better design of services operations.
xxii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

K. S. Manu is presently working as an Assistant Professor in the School

of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be) University,
Bengaluru. He completed Mechanical engineering from VTU, Belgaum
and Completed MBA from University of Bangalore. He received his
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) from University of Mysore. He possesses
more than twelve years of teaching, research and consultancy experience.
He teaches finance and analytics subjects such as Financial Economet-
rics, Artificial Intelligence and Python Programming. His area of interest
includes Business Analytics, Financial Econometrics, Capital and Deriva-
tives Markets, and other Financial Markets. He has published various
research articles in refereed journals. He has attended and presented
papers in various National and International Conferences. He has been
a Financial Econometrics Resource person trainer for few Faculty Devel-
opment Programs.
Asif Mehmood is serving in the Department of Mathematics, at Air
University Islamabad, Pakistan. His primary research interests include
advances in fluid mechanics, intelligent algorithm development and regu-
larities in complex phenomena.
James E. Phelan, LCSW, MBA, Psy.D received a Master degree in
Social Work from Marywood University, a Master in Business Adminis-
tration from Franklin University, and Doctorate from California Southern
University. He is presently a program coordinator for the Veterans Health
Administration, Columbus Ohio and field practicum instructor for The
Ohio State University. He also serves as an online faculty professor
for Liberty University, Grand Canyon University, and Indiana Wesleyan
University.
Jeanne Poulose is an Assistant Professor of Management with the School
of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Delhi
NCR, India. She has a Ph.D. and M. Phil. in Management besides an
MBA with a specialization in Finance and Human Resources She has
around 20 years of Industry-Academia experience in the Retail, Banking
and Educational sectors through leadership and teaching roles in orga-
nizations like ICICI Bank, GlobalNxt University, St. Joseph’s Degree &
PG College, etc. She teaches Organizational Behaviour, Human Resource
Management, Workforce Planning and Employee Selection and Perfor-
mance Management.
 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xxiii

Abdur R. Rahman recently earned his MPhil degree in Statistics

from Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad. His collaborative research
includes machine learning models, Statistics in Physics and child malnu-
trition. He has published at research forums such as Computers, Mate-
rials & Continua, Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures and
MODSIM conference.
Kavitha Rajamohan is Associate Professor of Computer Science with
Christ University since 2009. She has had nearly eighteen years of
teaching experience with 11 years research experience. In 2017, she has
received a Best Ph.D. project award from Anna University, Chennai,
Tamil Nadu. Dr. Kavitha has presented many research papers at National
and International conferences and received Best Paper awards. She
also served as a session chair for International conferences. She has
published many research works in double-blind peer-reviewed journals
and SCOPUS-indexed journals. Dr. Kavitha is an Empaneled guide for
Ph.D. and M.Phil. for CHRIST University. Her research interests include
Data Analytics, IOT, Smart Home Wireless Sensor Networks, Mobile
Technology and Blockchain.
Sangeetha Rangasamy is currently working as an associate professor
of Management, in CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru,
India. Research interests and publications are in the fields of Banking,
Stock market, Big Data Analytics and Technology based Education. Has
done a major research project on, “Financial Literacy and Investment
Behavior of Middle-Class Families in Karnataka” which is funded by
CHRIST Deemed to be University. Acted as resource person in national
level workshops and FDP titled Business Analytics and Data Visualization
Tool—TABLEAU. Have published research papers in National and Inter-
national peer-reviewed journals. Also acted as reviewers in Ushus Journal
of Management, International Journal of Finance and Banking Research,
Global Business Review and Finance Research Letters.
Rauno Rusko is a lecturer at the University of Lapland. His research
activities focus on cooperation, coopetition, strategic management, supply
chain management and entrepreneurship mainly in the branches of infor-
mation communication technology, forest industry and tourism. He has
several published chapters in the scientific books of several publishers.
His articles appeared in the European Management Journal, Forest Policy
xxiv NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

and Economics, International Journal of Business Environment, Indus-

trial Marketing Management, International Journal of Innovation in the
Digital Economy and International Journal of Tourism Research, among
others.
Pradeepta Kumar Sarangi holds a Doctorate degree in Computer
Science and Engineering, Master of Technology degree in Computer
Science and Engineering, Master Degree in Computer Application and
Master Degree in Business Administration. Dr. Sarangi is having 22 years
of teaching and administrative experiences such as Head of the Depart-
ment, Editor of the Journal, Controller of Examinations and IT in-charge,
etc. He is having more than 20 research papers published in various
national and international journals and conferences. His major subjects
of interest are DBMS, Data Analytics and Machine Learning. Currently,
Dr. Sarangi is working as a Professor and Dean in the Department of
Computer Science and Engineering in Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
Joseph Durai Selvam is an Associate Professor in Finance with a focus
on Statistical Analysis of Financial Data. Joseph Durai Selvam has more
than a decade of experience in Population Research and worked in Popu-
lation Research Centre, supported by the Statistics Division of Ministry
of Health and Family Welfare. He holds Master’s Degree in Statis-
tics, Master’s Degree in Population Studies, Post Graduate Diploma
in Computer Applications and Doctorate Degree in Applied Statistics.
Joseph Durai Selvam has more than eight years of experience in Post
Graduate Teaching to Management Students in the area related to Statis-
tics, Research Methodology and Operations Research. Joseph Durai
Selvam has conducted various externally Funded Research Projects and
has more than 10 publications to his credit.
Vinod Sharma holds a Doctorate in Marketing with over 21 years
of industry-academia experience. He has been associated with multiple
management institutes handling Marketing and Analytics courses at the
PG level for around 13 years. Specifically, his teaching and research inter-
ests include Principles of Marketing, Consumer Behaviour, Marketing
Research, Marketing Analytics, Business Research Methodology, and
Business Analytics. He has authored over 50 articles in national and
international journals, published a book titled Handbook of Research on
Cross-Cultural Business Education (2018). He has also completed in 3
International projects with Yale University, USA on Climate Change and
 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xxv

Business Strategy. He has been involved in many consultation researches

projects, conducted various research workshops and also conducted
training program in association with MSME and FIEO on various subjects
of management. Before joining academia, he was also connected for
almost 8 years with the pharmaceutical and energy sector in various capac-
ities in MNCs like Macleod Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Universal Medicare Pvt
Ltd., and SSE Plc, UK in the area of sales management.
Deepti Sinha has an overall experience of 20 years and is presently
associated with Christ (Deemed to be University), Delhi NCR. Her
specialization is in Human Resource Management and she has carried out
her doctoral work in the area of Quality of Work Life. She is presently on
the editorial and review board of a few journals and has published about
24+ research papers in various national and international journals and one
book. She is also on the panel of evaluators of NMIMS Global Access
School of Continuing Education, Mumbai and is certified as Accredited
Management Teacher in the area of Organizational Behaviour by All India
Management Association, New Delhi.
Sachin Sinha holds a career spanning 25 years till now. He has taught
at different business schools and also worked in the field of corporate
communications. His doctoral research is on the role of psychographics
in consumer behaviour. His areas of academic interest include consumer
psychology and marketing communications. Dr. Sinha has been engaged
in prestigious consultancy assignments, including projects commissioned
by the Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Rural Development of the
Government of India, and also the leading advertising agency Mudra
Communications. He is empanelled as Visiting Faculty with the National
Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme), Hyder-
abad, an organisation of the Ministry of MSMEs, Government of India.
He has authored and presented research papers at eminent institutions like
IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Indore, IIT Delhi and MDI Gurgaon. He has close
to 30 publications in international and national journals of repute. He is
also a literature and cinema enthusiast, and, in addition to his academic
publications, he also has two literary books to his credit.
Kalim Ullah is serving one of the leading health facilities in the role of
a statistical officer. His research interests encompass health surveillance,
optimal sample selection strategies and survival analysis. He has been
xxvi NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

published at forums such as Complexity, Concurrency and Computation:

Practice and Experience and MODSIM conference.
Baris Yalcinkaya is a senior consultant with fifteen years of experience
working alongside executive teams of different businesses in different
industries. Baris’s tenure in consulting, including the largest travel &
tourism companies and retail services in B2B and B2C, grounded
him with a foundation of best methodologies, leading practices, and
outstanding client experience. It was these experiences that inspired and
compelled him to found a management consulting organization serving
the travel, education, manufacturing services, pharmaceutical organiza-
tions, and retail industries. He specializes in branding, search engine
optimization, creating sales funnels and building traffic for websites
and social networks. His responsibilities include but are not limited to
monitoring competition for businesses and monitoring behaviours of
buyer personas. Baris is also responsible for educating other employees
on using digitally transformed sales and marketing systems, including
digital marketing tools, Google marketing procedures and organiza-
tional marketing apps. Baris Yalcinkaya has been an instructor of digital
marketing and e-commerce-related classes for over six years. Areas of
teaching include e-commerce, digital marketing, search engine optimiza-
tion, digital innovations, networking principles and networking security.
 List of Figures

Analytics Enabled Decision Making “Tracing the Journey

from Data to Decisions ”
Fig. 1 Decision-making framework (Source Authors’ own) 6

Algorithms as Decision-Makers
Fig. 1 Supply chain of decision-making algorithms
and the emphasis of the systematic review 35
Fig. 2 The interaction and power of human being vs. algorithm
in decision making 37

Influence of Big Data Analytics on Business Intelligence

Fig. 1 Typical DW/BI flow 47
Fig. 2 ETL process 50
Fig. 3 ETL vs. ETL process 51
Fig. 4 3Vs—Volume, velocity and variety 52
Fig. 5 Cloud computing + Big Data = More data power 55

Determining the Degree of Dominance of Factors

Deriving the Comparative Choice Hierarchy: An
Operational Generalization of Latent Choice Models
Fig. 1 (a–n): MPDs under both priors, for both data sets
and with respect to all considered sub-cases 73

xxvii
xxviii LIST OF FIGURES

Baseball Informatics—From MiLB to MLB Debut

Fig. 1 Work flow in predicting MLB debut 95
Fig. 2 Correlation matrix among 31 numerical variables 96
Fig. 3 Number of players and MLB debut percentage per Age
at Draft group 100
Fig. 4 Number of players and MLB debut percentage hitting Bats
position 100
Fig. 5 Number of players and MLB debut percentage per Height
group 101
Fig. 6 Number of players and MLB debut percentage per Weight
group 101
Fig. 7 Number of players and MLB debut percentage per MiLB
fielder position 102
Fig. 8 Number of players and MLB debut percentage per draft
round 103
Fig. 9 Number of players and MLB debut percentage per MLB
team 103
Fig. 10 Number of players and MLB debut percentage per draft year 104
Fig. 11 Four baseball stats in each year from 2001 to 2010. a AVG
in years. b OBP in years. c SLG in years. d OPS in years 105
Fig. 12 Number of players and MLB debut percentage per AVG,
OBP, SLG, OPS, and ISO groups. a AVG groups. b OBP
groups. c SLG groups. d OPS groups. e ISO groups 106
Fig. 13 Intercepts and coefficients in Lasso regressions on All
and LCH variable selection. a λ = 4.0e−4 on All variable
selection. b λ = 3.8e−4 on LCH variable selection 107
Fig. 14 Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves on four
variable selections across four ML models 110
Fig. 15 MLB debut versus OPS on four variable selections
across four ML models 113
Fig. 16 MLB Debut status on Three True Outcomes (TTO) rate
(HR + BB + SO)/G per year from 2001 to 2010 119

Efficacy of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a Tool

for Predictive Analytics
Fig. 1 The process of predictive analytics 124
Fig. 2 A simple ANN architecture 126
Fig. 3 Sample network architecture 132
Fig. 4 Training of the network 133
Fig. 5 Actual vs. predicted graph 133
Fig. 6 Actual vs. predicted graph (training) 134
 LIST OF FIGURES xxix

Fig. 7 Residual graph (training) 134

Fig. 8 Forecasting the future values using trained network 134
Fig. 9 Forecasted values 135
Fig. 10 Actual and forecasted graph 135

The Role of Financial Analytics in Decision-Making for

Better Firm Performance
Fig. 1 Hierarchical view of financial technology architecture
in organisational decision-making 154

Using Analytics to Manage and Predict Employee

Performance
Fig. 1 Foundations of high-performance teams 193

Using Analytics to Manage Employee Behavioural Traits

and Predict Employee Performance
Fig. 1 Heatmap for correlation 213
Fig. 2 Decision tree for Objective 1 217
Fig. 3 Detailed decision tree rules for Objective 1 218
Fig. 4 Heatmap for Objective 2 219
Fig. 5 Decision tree for Objective 2 222
Fig. 6 Output of decision tree 222

The Role of Consumption in the Identity Formation of

Conservative Women: A Web Analytics and Netnographic
Exploration
Fig. 1 The research design of the study (Source Authors’ Own) 252
Fig. 2 The average visitor numbers and visit durations
of the websites (Source Authors’ Own) 253
Fig. 3 The web traffic keywords searched (Source Authors’ Own) 255
Fig. 4 The word clouds of the websites analysed (Source Authors’
Own) 255
Fig. 5 The overlapping word cloud (Source Authors’ Own) 256
 List of Tables

Algorithms as Decision-Makers
Table 1 The orientation of studies between DSA and DMA 29

Influence of Big Data Analytics on Business Intelligence

Table 1 The below table describes more on data warehouse vs.
OLTP system 48

Determining the Degree of Dominance of Factors

Deriving the Comparative Choice Hierarchy: An
Operational Generalization of Latent Choice Models
Table 1 Choice matrix of one decision-maker and k possible
strategies, Y = yes and N = No 61
Table 2 The members of proposed generalization 65
Table 3 Artificial data sets generated under above-documented
specifications 69
Table 4 Elicit values of Hyper-parameters 72
Table 5 Estimates of worth parameters and associated absolute
errors 76
Table 6 The estimates of preference probabilities 78
Table 7 Posterior probabilities of hypotheses and associated Bayes
factor 80
Table 8 Smokers’ choice data 82
Table 9 Elicited Hyper-parameter for smokers’ choice data 83

xxxi
xxxii LIST OF TABLES

Table 10 Estimated values of worth parameters for smokers’ choice

data 84
Table 11 Estimated preference probabilities for smokers’ choice data 85
Table 12 Posterior probabilities of hypotheses and associated Bayes
factor for smokers’ choice data 86

Baseball Informatics—From MiLB to MLB Debut

Table 1 Draft statistics in five major professional sports in the US 92
Table 2 Python code to download full names and non-baseball
data of MLB drafted players 93
Table 3 Create bins on variables with a wide range of continuous
numeric values 96
Table 4 Tuned parameters in eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)
to build prediction application 98
Table 5 Tuned parameters in Random Forest (RF) to build
prediction application 98
Table 6 Tuned parameters in Decision Tree (DT) to build
prediction application 98
Table 7 Tuned parameters in Support Vector Machine (SVM)
to build prediction application 99
Table 8 Performance measurements from validation across four
ML models on four variable selections 108
Table 9 Top 10 variables in the variable importance plots (VIP)
across four ML models on four variable selections 111
Table 10 Example prediction application in R built on the tuned
XGB model on the Lasso4lch variable selection to predict
MLB debut on the MiLB players drafted in 2013 114
Table 11 Performance measurements on the application to predict
2013 drafted players across four ML models on four
variable selections 115

Using Analytics to Manage Employee Behavioural Traits

and Predict Employee Performance
Table 1 Correlation of variables with Per1 or Performance Ratings 212
Table 2 Regression results of SPSS with Per1 as dependent variables 215
Table 3 Regression results with Coefficients and t-statistics 216
Table 4 Correlation between variables for Objective 2 219
Table 5 Regression Results from SPSS for Objective 2 220
Table 6 Regression results from SPSS with coefficients
for Objective 2 221
 LIST OF TABLES xxxiii

Using Analytics to Measure the Impact of Pollution

Parameters in Major Cities of India
Table 1 Rt could have the possible values 271
Table 2 Coefficients of pollutants using elastic net 272
Analytics Enabled Decision Making “Tracing
the Journey from Data to Decisions ”

Vinod Sharma , Jeanne Poulose ,

and Chandan Maheshkar

1 Introduction
Each day, 2.5 quintillion bytes of data is being created with each click,
swipe, or press of a button across the globe (Akter et al., 2019; Marr,
2018). From outer space to the drawing room, data is getting generated
continuously, be it through the Mars orbiters relaying data back to Earth
at a staggering speed of 160 bits per second (NASA, 2022) or through
the 24 million e-commerce websites generating a huge amount of data
every second when a customer clicks or scrolls (Gennaro, 2022). Data is
undoubtedly the new ammunition that can both win and prevent wars in

V. Sharma (B)
Symbiosis Centre for Management and Human Resource Development
(SCMHRD), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
e-mail: [email protected]
J. Poulose
School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University),
Delhi NCR, India
e-mail: [email protected]
C. Maheshkar
East Nimar Society for Education, Khandwa, India

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 1

Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023
V. Sharma et al. (eds.), Analytics Enabled Decision Making,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9658-0_1
2 V. SHARMA ET AL.

the boardroom, battlefield, or a football ground. But data in itself is not

the key to success, it is the ability of individuals, teams, and organizations
to leverage this data to arrive at insightful and informed decisions, that
will provide a clear edge. The strength of this weapon is such that it has
galvanized organizations to invest substantially to strengthen their data
analysis capabilities (Muhammad et al., 2022). Analytics has emerged as
a game changer considering its ability to assist organizations to not only
take accurate and timely decisions but also to augment the effectiveness
of the traditional decision-making process. Managers can now successfully
foresee and forestall problems and capitalize on opportunities. This has
led to a significant increase in the demand for analytics-related roles. The
Monster annual trends report revealed that big data analytics related roles
in organizations is going to be the most in-demand in 2022 (ET Bureau,
2022).
The dataset which is big in size, having high velocity and variety,
known as big data and the application used to create value of the data
known as BDA (Akter et al., 2019) is the buzz word today. Big data
is both an opportunity and a challenge. Opportunity, because IoT and
cloud access ensures that size doesn’t hinder recording of the data, chal-
lenge because the size does pose problems when it comes to reviewing this
data. For instance, when an organization has 2 billion active customers
worldwide and is able to record every single move on their website, it
is indeed great news from the bottom-line perspective. But how does
it decide where to focus and what to essentially make of this humon-
gous data? To be effective it has to monitor the activities of these billions
of customers, pre-empt their needs and fulfill them. Instagram is doing
it and doing it quite well! How does the world’s largest social media
network customize content for each user like the famous flashback videos
to all its customers so effortlessly? Facebook found the answer yet again
in data analytics. Google’s famed project oxygen helped it identify the
best practices of its top-performing managers and used the same to train
their low-scoring managers. To someone looking at these two categories
of managers, there would upfront appear no major difference given the
quality of hires at Google but analytics revealed that even the most minor
differences could have a deep impact on teams and ultimately the organi-
zation (Garvin, 2013). Thus, extracting meaningful information from big
data is at the core of data analytics (Yichuan & Terry, 2017). Data analysts
possess the ability to see through the data collected from multiple sources
and extract the insights for delivering faster and better results (Janssen
 ANALYTICS ENABLED DECISION MAKING “TRACING … 3

et al., 2017), be it for a product launch, pricing strategy, launching a

satellite, fighting a pandemic, training for the Olympics, or even tracing a
criminal.
While the pervasiveness of data analytics is undoubtedly true, in the
context of businesses it will not be an exaggeration to claim that analytics-
enabled decision making is the only ‘mantra’ to success. Therefore,
organizations are constantly looking for methods to harness the power
of analytics to improve their decision making. Data-enabled organiza-
tions are able to pre-empt challenging scenarios and prepare in advance,
making them strategically competent, therefore, in no time, Big Data
Analytics (BDA) has become the mainstream activity of the organiza-
tion (Yichuan & Terry, 2017). Traditionally, there were three physical
factors of production that were responsible for the growth of the orga-
nization such as land, capital, labour and now data has transpired as a
virtual factor of production which is extensively used by organizations.
Studies accentuate that ‘data factor’ has begun to promote industrial
and economic growth (Brynjolfsson & McElheran, 2016). The five most
successful organizations of the present times also referred to as ‘FAANG’
(Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, and Google), are all data-driven
organizations (Verhoef et al., 2021)and they have attained remarkable
advantages over others in collecting, integrating, processing, and utilizing
the data to make informed choices (Janssen et al., 2017).
The value of data thus can be seen to be often measured by its ability
to enhance the quality of decisions which is solely not dependent on the
data, but also on the process through which the data has been collected,
integrated, and utilized (Janssen & Kuk, 2016). Analytics often requires
bringing all the departments of the organization together to examine
the underexplored relationships from the data. This can help in making
decisions based on the collected data to improve response to a future
occurrence (Akter et al., 2019). For example, big data driven recom-
mendation engine has facilitated Amazon to upsurge its sales revenue
by 30 percent, Capital One increased its customer retention rate by 87
percent (Akter et al., 2019) and Progressive boosted its market capital-
ization of over $19 billion by using real-time information, products, and
rate comparisons (Davenport & Harris, 2017). Learning from these large
companies, small and medium business houses have also started investing
heavily in BDA. However, these investments will generate revenues only
when BDA is integrated into the decision-making process.
4 V. SHARMA ET AL.

Despite analytics potential to add value throughout the value chain of

a business, there is relatively scant attention given in the literature of BDA
and its contribution to the decision-making process (Awan et al., 2021).
According to Ransbotham et al. (2016, p. 4) firms often fail to capitalize
upon the investment made in integrating analytics for attaining competi-
tive advantage. Therefore, this study attempts to present analytics-enabled
decision-making framework and discuss using examples from the real
world how the use of analytics helped the decision-making process across
sectors and domains. To do this, the current study uses the decision-
making framework as a base to explore how organizations have used BDA
real-time in each step leading to the decision implementation.
Understanding the descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive
levels of BDA is essential to gain better understanding of its usage in
the decision-making process (Delen, 2014). As an organization ups its
level of analytics it places itself in a more advantageous position vis-à-vis
its competitors as suggested by Gartner’s analytics ascendancy model that
suggests that analytics evolves from being descriptive to being prescriptive
(Eriksson et al., 2020).

1.1 Descriptive Analytics

Known as the simplest form of analysis it captures all the information
there is to capture and presents the varied features of each attribute
in either metric forms or at times visually through graphs and charts.
For instance, in the healthcare context, the average number of female
patients who reported positive during the pandemic is descriptive analytics
(Ahmed et al., 2021). It merely describes an attribute but doesn’t explain
the why and the how? It simply states what is. Getting the descriptive
analytics right is extremely crucial to get diagnostic analytics which is
at the next level right (Houtmeyers et al., 2021). In short, this is data
mining to understand what may have happened in the past.

1.2 Diagnostic Analytics

While descriptive analytics helps answer the question, ‘what’, diagnostic
takes it to the next level of maturity by asking the question, ‘Why’. Data
mining in this stage is aimed at understanding why something happened,
i.e., diagnosing the root cause. This while based on hindsight data is
 ANALYTICS ENABLED DECISION MAKING “TRACING … 5

aimed at providing insight to the manager. And it is this insight that

further leads to foresight to be able to predict and prescribe.

1.3 Predictive Analytics

This is aimed at trying to forecast and state what is likely to happen in
the future given the past and the current data context. The process here
also involves data mining but with the objective of predicting and not just
describing, rapidly analyzing the data to offer detailed insights. Thus, it is
not analysis that is cut off and happening in an independent manner but
in a specific direction and with a specific purpose (Gartner).

1.4 Prescriptive Analytics

The focus of prescriptive analytics is as the name itself suggests, to
prescribe the most appropriate course of action to be implemented based
on the prediction made using data. At this stage, the organization is said
to have evolved to the highest level of analytics ability wherein it is able to
move ahead of predicting as to what is likely to happen and move towards
prescribing what an organization could do to make it happen (Eriksson
et al., 2020).

2 Decision-Making Framework
The human mind does not have the ability to comprehend completely
a complex problem and take precise decisions within a limited time
using inadequate resources (Simon, 1972). Usually, decision making is
approached in the manner documented below (Fig. 1):

2.1 Step 1: Problem Identification

The success of any analytics project majorly relies on defining a problem
clearly and having the capability to ask the right questions. The literature
is overtly flooded with the content on problem identification but there
is barely any study where the usages of analytics has been discussed to
identify a business problem (Akter et al., 2019). As stated by Davenport
and Kim (2013) and Akbarov et al. (2008) in their articles, the business
problem can be addressed only if it is pinpointed with thorough detailing.
6 V. SHARMA ET AL.

Strategic Problem
Implementation Identification

Reveiw of Past
Model Building
Data

Data Collection
& Processing

Fig. 1 Decision-making framework (Source Authors’ own)

What goes around freely in most managerial circles when it comes to

problem identification is opinions. When a university sees higher than-
normal levels of attrition, the top management may opine that leadership
failure is the cause. This belief may result in the decision to change the
leadership. But is leadership failure truly the real cause of higher levels of
attrition or did the management miss the bus? In a study conducted in
a substantially large software development firm, it was noted that there
were not many creative ideas forthcoming from the teams. Usually, the
creative flow of ideas is perceived to be linked with the experience, educa-
tional qualification, or general creativity of an individual. The most natural
opinion to hold here would be that people are not just motivated enough
to be creative. But data analytics helped identify the real problem here,
which was that employees interacted in smaller groups among themselves
and rarely with other teams and this resulted in fewer managers spanning
the networks and integrating the inputs across groups. This was what
stifled their creativity. Data analysis provided the insight that individuals
 ANALYTICS ENABLED DECISION MAKING “TRACING … 7

who were moving across teams and maintaining relationships with all were
able to leverage an initiative of one department and apply it in another.
The problem thus was not a lack of creativity but the lack of interaction
and networking that is much needed for triggering the creative thought
process (Leonardi, 2018). The cross-movement of individuals between
teams was found to be an important predictor of creativity among the
individuals.
Delving into the case of big basket should help establish this point
beyond doubt. The online grocery market was small but had a huge
potential to grow in India. It was estimated by EY that the Indian
online grocery market would reach $350 billion mark by 2015. This
sector was growing by 35 percent and had a penetration of 2.3 percent.
This potential led to the establishment of Bigbasket.com by a group of
entrepreneurs Hari Menon, Vipul Parekh, V. S. Ramesh, V. S. Sudhakar,
and Abhinay Choudhary in 2011. Initially, there were no leaders in
this sector. A small number of big players like bigbasket.com, Amazon,
Flipkart, Grofer, EkStop, and LocalBanya, etc. was serving the market.
Gradually Bigbasket.com attained a market share of 35 percent and
became the largest online grocery store in India. It now processes around
20,000 orders a day (Department, 2022).
Bigbasket.com was the first online store in India. It initiated its oper-
ations in tier one cities such as Bengaluru, Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, etc.
where traveling time is high and therefore, the unique selling propo-
sition of Bigbasket.com, to begin with, was to offer convenience to
its customers. As stated by Mr. Hari Menon, CEO and Co-founder of
Bigbasket.com, ‘We need to continuously improve the shopping experience
of our customers . With more and more customers choosing mobile hand-
sets to place orders, browsing the entire merchandise is challenging, we need
innovative ideas to make Bigbasket customer friendly’ (Customer Analytics
at Bigbasket—Product Recommendations, 2016).
Subsequently, Bigbasket.com came up with additional interesting
features like ‘did you forget ’. Many customers have the tendency to forget
items they intended to buy. It was found in one of the studies conducted
by Fernandes et al. (2016) that more than 30 percent of customers forget
to include items while shopping online. This forgetfulness may translate
into financial loss to these online grocery stores. Customers may proceed
to buy these forgotten items either from another online store or from
physical store situated in nearby location. If they opted to buy online,
they would have to bear a higher logistic cost considering the smaller
8 V. SHARMA ET AL.

order size and this cost would have to be borne by either the customers
or e-tailers. Customers would be discouraged to shop if they had to bear
the brunt and may opt to shop these forgotten items at a nearby physical
store. When these customers shop at the physical store, they generally end
up buying more items which would result in a reduction in the next order
from the online stores. Thus, Bigbasket.com came up with an algorithm
with the ability to predict the items that a customer may have forgotten to
order and introduce ‘did you forget ’ feature in the application (Customer
Analytics at Bigbasket—Product Recommendations, 2016).
Bigbasket.com is a great example to manifest the importance of asking
the right question and that identifying the right business problem is the
key to success in making in-time and accurate decisions. Data with the
right set of questions is thus the first and foremost skill requirement of
data scientist. The problem identified rightly is half solved right away and
data analytics aids in improving the efficiency of this process. The clarity
in problem statement is essential to produce accurate results. Bigbasket
had large amount of unstructured data, which it used to comprehend the
relationship between various data attributes. It used descriptive analytics
to understand the data better and with tools like Tableau and Power BI it
was able to gain further insights by simplifying the data (Rangaiah, 2020).

2.2 Step 2: Review Past Data

Reviewing the past findings and data helps in contextualizing the problem
statement better. Studies confirmed that formulating the right set of ques-
tions not only requires identifying the problem but also reconnoitering
the past data (Davenport & Harris, 2017; Salehan & Kim, 2016). The
pandemic brought the spotlight on health care data that is constantly
being generated through test reports, patient indexes, apps collecting
patient information, government bodies seeking health information and
so on. The review of this past data helped identify patterns, improve
patient care being offered, increase efficiency all around, and by and large
predict and prevent in certain cases possible health concerns. Reviewing
past data helped researchers identify the virus, provided vital informa-
tion as to how it could be contained, offered insights to practitioners on
the best approaches to fight the virus, track, and trace infected patients,
monitor the existing and predict the future hospitalization requirements
and so much more (Health Informatics, 2021).
 ANALYTICS ENABLED DECISION MAKING “TRACING … 9

Steve Jobs may have been right about intuitive decision making in a
certain context when he said, ‘Have the courage to follow your heart and
intuition; they somehow already know what you want to become’ (Page,
2021) but managers are better advised to back their intuition and passion
with analysis of past data to fill the informational gaps prior to taking any
major decisions. Intuitive decisions of the most experienced, confident
and skilled managers are to be tested in the real world in the back-
drop of data. Inappropriate decisions taken purely on instinct without
any data backup may cost the organisation and the individual alike. A
case in point would be Toyota’s decision based on historical data analysis,
to pay more attention to safety features that would make it difficult for
someone to hit the accelerator even if they wished to. The right deci-
sion at the right time helped the organization improve its efficiency and
save lives. A detailed analysis of historical data in Japan pertaining to road
accidents revealed that around 15 percent of the fatal accidents involved
people who were 75 years and above at the wheel. The analysis of this
data further revealed that the elderly were mostly involved in these acci-
dents as they hit the accelerator accidentally assuming it to be the brake.
This understanding gained from past data helped automaker Toyota to
invest heavily in safety features aimed at reducing the risks involved in
vehicles driven by the elderly and the policymakers to come up with strin-
gent driving norms and roll out policy initiatives to discourage the elderly
from driving (Reuters, 2020). Here descriptive analytics paved the way
for diagnosing the problem and prescribing the solution to the same.
Yet again we can refer to the growth story of big basket to understand
the significance of analytics at this stage. The company identified that
Amazon and Flipkart, the two major giants in the online business, feature
several items, as many as 100, on the screen. It takes a considerably long
time to search for all the items and place an order and thus, it discouraged
customers to shop online. Specifically, it becomes miserably difficult when
they are using smartphones to shop. Customers buy grocery online for
two major reasons, ease of use and time saving, therefore, Bigbasket.com
created a ‘smart basket ’ which is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based
recommended basket, consisting of items that a customer is likely to buy.
This feature works on two types of recommendations, content based (use
historical data and recommend similar items purchase earlier by matching
the common features ) and knowledge based (use knowledge of the users,
items, and their relationships ), which help in reducing a good deal of time
needed to place the order (Customer Analytics at Bigbasket—Product
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
Esophagismus, 742
Esophagoscope, 740
Esophagotomy, 745
Esophagus, anatomy of, 737
cancer of, 744
diverticula of, 737
externalization of, 746
foreign bodies in, 739
treatment of, 740
hemorrhage of, 744
malformations of, 737
operations on, 745
perforation of, 742
resection of, transthoracic, 745
rupture of, 741
stricture of, 742
wounds of, 741
Esthiomene, 876
Estländer’s cheiloplastic operation, 648
Ether, 193
accidents from, 194
action of, 194
administration of, 195
narcosis by rectum, 196
petroleum, 199
Ethmoidal sinus, operations on, 610
Ethyl bromide, 198
chloride, 199
local use of, 199
Eucaine, 207
Excision of ankle, 414
of elbow, 410
of fingers, 412
of foot, 415
of hand, 412
of heel, 414
 of hip, 412
of joints, 407
of knee, 413
of shoulder, 409
of wrist, 411
Exophthalmic goitre, 713
treatment of, 714
Exophthalmos, 594
treatment of, 594
Exostoses, 272
of bone, 441
Exstrophy of bladder, 978
treatment of, 978
Extragenital chancre, 127, 145
Extravasation of blood, gangrene from, 73
Exudates, 23
croupous, 23
difference between hyperemic and inflammatory, 23
diphtheritic, 23
fibrinous, 23
interstitial, 23
mixed, 23
mucous, 23
parenchymatous, 23
serous, 23
Eye, accommodation of, defects of, 604
globe of, enucleation of, 596
muscles of, defects of, 604
nerves of, disturbances of, 604
sclerotic of, rupture of, 604
syphilis of, 136, 597
Eyeball, injuries of, 603
treatment of, 604
Eyelids, blepharitis, 601
marginalis, 601
chalazion, 601
 coloboma, 600
ectropion, 602
Arlt’s operation for, 602
Dieffenbach’s operation for, 603
Fricke’s operation for, 603
Richet’s operation for, 603
entropion, 601
epicanthis, 600
hordeolum, 600
stye of, 600
trichiasis, 601
xanthelasma, 601

F
Face, absence of, 638
actinomycosis of, 640
arteries of, ligation of, 352
burns of, 639
contusions of, 639
epithelioma of, 640
gangrene of, 640
malformations of, acquired, 639
nerves of, injuries of, 640
operations on, 642
syphilis of, 640
tuberculosis of, 640
tumors of, 641
ulcers of, 640
wounds of, 229, 639
Facial artery, ligation of, 352
bones, fractures of, 489
nerve, operations on, 616
neuralgia, 640
palsy, neuro-anastomosis for, 616
 paralysis, 640
Facultative pyogenic organisms, 53
Farcy, 105. See Glanders.
Fasciæ, contraction of, 319
treatment of, 320
Fat embolism, 39
prognosis of, 40
symptoms of, 40
treatment of, 40
Fatty degeneration of arteries, 339
of veins, 361
Fecal fistula, 839
impaction, intestinal obstruction from, 832
Feet, arthritis deformans of, 388
Fehleisen’s coccus, 93
Felon, 328
Femoral artery, aneurysm of, 346
ligation of, 359
hernia, 895
treatment of, 908
Femur, fractures of, 509
diagnosis of, 511
lower end, 513
treatment of, 513
prognosis of, 511
shaft, 513
treatment of, 512
Fencer’s bone, 331
Fetal infection, 48
rickets, 181, 433
Fibrin, 28
Fibrinoplastic tuberculous peritonitis, 791
Fibrinous exudates, 23
Fibro-adenoma, 284
Fibro-epithelioma, 282
Fibrokeratomas, 311
Fibroma, 269
of abdominal wall, 784
of bladder, 992
of bone, 438
of breast, 760
desmoids, 271
epulis, 270
of jaw, 668
keloid, 270
of liver, 914
molluscum, 313
treatment of, 313
of nasopharynx, 679
of nerves, 622
psammoma, 271
of testicle, 1017
of thorax, 729
Fibrous odontomas, 281
Fibula, dislocations of, 544
fractures of, 519
treatment of, 521
Figure-of-8-bandage of leg, 189
Filaria medinensis, 309
Filiform warts, 311
Finger, amputation of, 1029
excision of, 412
trigger, 320
treatment of, 320
Finney’s pyloroplasty, 810
Finsen light in treatment of cancer, 296
Fissured ulcers, 66
Fissures in ano, 876
Fistula, 63
causes of, 63
congenital, 63
foreign bodies, 63
 necrosed material, 63
preëxisting abscess, 63
traumatic destruction of tissue, 63
chylous, 368
definition of, 63
fecal, 839
lacrymal, 600
treatment of, 63
Fistulas, biliary, 917
gastric, 801
of lips, 638
perineal, 1013
treatment of, 1013
rectal, 880
treatment of, 880
of salivary ducts, 649
Fistulous ulcers, 66
Flat-foot, 468
Floating liver, 910
symptoms of, 910
treatment of, 911
Follicular odontomas, 281
compound, 281
Folliculitis, 149, 307, 1013
Foot, amputation of, 1037, 1041
Bruns’ method, 1042
partial, 1034
Teale’s method, 1042
club-, 465
congenital, 466
treatment of, 466
dislocations of, 544
treatment of, 544
excision of, 415
flat-, 468
fractures of, 523
 Madura, 110
treatment of, 110
ulcer of, perforating, 66, 310
Forearm, amputation of, 1031
fractures of, 501
treatment of, 501
Foreign bodies in abdomen, 783
in bladder, 982
in blood, 35
in brain, 565
in esophagus, 739
treatment of, 740
in knee-joint, 402
in pharynx, 673
treatment of, 673
in rectum, 874
in respiratory passages, 672
in salivary ducts, 648
in stomach, 794
operations for, 806
symptoms of, 794
treatment of, 794
in tonsils, 663
in urethra, 1009
Formalin gut, 247
Fractures, 479
Bennett’s, 506
of clavicle, 493
treatment of, 493
Colles’, 503
treatment of, 504
comminuted, 479
complete, 479
compound, 480
treatment of, 487
delayed union in, 485
dentated, 479
depressed, 479
diagnosis of, 481
by fluoroscope, 482
by skiagram, 482
extra-articular, 479
of facial bones, 489
of femur, 509
diagnosis of, 511
prognosis of, 511
of fibula, 519
treatment of, 521
fissure, 479
of foot, 523
of forearm, 501
treatment of, 501
green-stick, 479
gunshot, 480
of hand, 507
of humerus, 495
condyles of, 498
external, 499
internal, 499
epicondyles of, 497
intercondyloid, 499
shaft of, 496
supracondyloid, 497
surgical neck of, 496
treatment of, 495
of hyoid, 491
impacted, 479
incomplete, 479
intra-articular, 479, 482
-uterine, 481
of larynx, 491, 676
of leg, 518
 treatment of, 521
longitudinal, 479
of malar, 489
of maxilla, inferior, 490
treatment of, 490
superior, 489
multiple, 479
non-union in, 485
of nose, 489
oblique, 479
of olecranon, 501
partial, 479
of patella, 516
treatment of, 517
pathological, 479
of pelvis, 507
treatment of, 508
of penis, 1008
of radius, 502
lower end of, 503
treatment of, 504
and ulna, 503
repair of, 483
ribs, 491
symptoms of, 492
treatment of, 492
of scapula, 494
acromion process of, 494
coracoid process of, 495
surgical neck of, 495
single, 479
of skull, 549, 552
base of, 556
diagnosis of, 557
prognosis of, 557
treatment of, 558
 vertex of, 552
comminuted, 552
diagnosis of, 554
gunshot, 553
splintered, 552
treatment of, 555
of spine, 629
spiral, 479
spontaneous, 434
of sternum, 491
symptoms of, 492
treatment of, 492
of thigh, 509
of tibia, 518
treatment of, 521
transverse, 479
traumatic, 479
treatment of, 486
of ulna, 501
treatment of, 501
of wrist, 507
of zygoma, 489
Frambœsia, 308
Frank’s method of gastrostomy, 807
Fricke’s operation for blepharoplasty, 603
Friedländer, bacillus of, 54
Frontal abscess, 569
sinus, operations on, 609
Frostbite, 302, 639
gangrene from, 73
treatment of, 302
Fungi, 55
actinomycis, 55
aspergillus, 56
leptothrix, 56
Madura foot, 56
Fungous granulations in tuberculosis, 115
hematodes, 276
ulcers, 66
Funicular hernia, 891
hydrocele, 261
Furuncle, 304
definition of, 60
treatment of, 304
Fusiform aneurysm, 339, 343

G
Galactocele, 760
Gall-bladder, anatomy of, 915
cancer of, 927
empyema of, 919
fistulas of, 917
hour-glass, 916
malformations of, 916
operations on, 927
after management of, 932
anastomotic, 932
tumors of, 927
Gall-ducts, operations on, 928
Gallstones, 922
diagnosis of, 925
intestinal obstruction from, 833
symptoms of, 924
treatment of, 926
Galoche chin, 638
Ganglion, 327
Gangræne oris, 75
Gangrene, 22, 73
angioneurotic, 76
bed-sores a cause of, 74
causes of, 73
constitutional, 74
infectious, 75
local, 73
traumatic, 73
from chemical agents, 74
from edema, 73
from embolism, 73
from frostbite, 73
from extravasation of blood, 73
from ligation of arteries, 73
from thrombosis, 73
from tumors, 74
of face, 640
foudroyante, 75, 108
definition of, 73
diabetic, 74
dry, 76
gazeuse, 108
gross appearances of, 76
hospital, 75
of lung, 734
moist, 76
line of demarcation in, 76
mummification in, 76
noma, 75
phagedenic, 77
senile, 76
signs of, 77
of spleen, 941
spontaneous, 76
symmetrical, 74, 76
symptoms of, 77
of tongue, 659
treatment of, 77
visceral, 76
Gangrenous cellulitis of abdominal wall, 783
cholecystitis, 920
emphysema, 75, 108
pancreatitis, 946
septicemia, 108
stomatitis, 75, 658
Gaspard, putrid fever of, 81
Gasserian ganglion, operations on, 614
Gastrectasis, 796
Gastrectomy, 813
Gastric anastomosis, 816
dilatation, 793, 795
fistulas, 801
intra-abdominal, 801
tetany, 798
ulcer, 799
diagnosis of, from appendicitis, 857
operations for, 811
symptoms of, 800
treatment of, 800
Gastritis, phlegmonous, 804
symptoms of, 804
treatment of, 805
Gastro-enterostomy, 799, 811, 817
Gastrojejunostomy, 816
Gastropexy, 797, 811
Gastroplication, 811
Gastroptosis, 793, 797
Rovsing’s operation for, 813
treatment of, 797
Gastrorrhaphy, 806
Gastrostomy, 806
Frank’s method, 807
Witzel’s method, 807
Gastrotomy, 794, 806
Genitalia, chancroid of, 144
 syphilis of, 138
Genito-urinary tract, infection through, 49
Genu valgum, 463
varum, 463
Giant-cell sarcoma, 274
Gigli saw, 588
Gila monster, poisoning by, 172
Gingivitis, interstitial, 657
ulcerative, 664
Glanders, 105, 308
diagnosis of, 106
etiology of, 105
incubation in, 105
organism of, 105
prognosis of, 106
symptoms of, 105
treatment of, 106
Glands, salivary, inflammation of, 649
tumors of, 650
Glandular cysts, 261, 284
Glaucoma, 597
treatment of, 597
Gleet, 155. See Gonorrhea,
chronic.
Glioma, 279
of retina, 595
Glossitis, 658
Glottis, edema of, 699
Gluteal hernia, 897
Glycogen in blood, 33
Glycosuria, 945
a cause of gangrene, 74
Goitre, 283, 712
colloid, 713
endotracheal, 713
exophthalmic, 713
 treatment of, 714
malignant, 715
Gonococcus myositis, 331
pyemia, 152
septicemia, 152
tendovaginitis, 331
Gonorrhea, 146
chronic, 155
treatment of, 156
classification of, 148
complications of, 149
balanitis, 149
Cowperitis, 150
cystitis, 151
epididymitis, 151
folliculitis, 149
gonorrheal rheumatism, 152
lymphangitis, 151
peri-urethritis, 149
postgonorrheal arthritis, 152
prostatitis, 150
treatment of, 152
of conjunctival sac, 599
course of, 149
diagnosis of, 147
of joints, 392
of lymph nodes, 376
secondary infection in, 169
of seminal vesicles, 1021
of testicles, 151
treatment of, 151
treatment of, 152
in women, 158
treatment of, 159
Gonorrheal proctitis, 875
rheumatism, 152
 synovitis, 385
Grafting of nerves, 612
of tendons, 324
Granny knot, 241
Granulation tissue, relation of, to infection, 96
Granuloma, coccidioidal, 309
of thorax, 729
Graves’ disease, 713
Gritti’s method of amputation of knee, 1044
Groin, spica bandage of, 189
Guinea worm, 309
Gumma of penis, 1009
of syphilis, 133
Gummas of tuberculosis, 114
Gummatous syphilide, 134
Gums, retrocession of, 657
Gunshot wounds, 220
of abdomen, 232
of bladder, 233
of chest, 722
diagnosis of, 225
of face, 229
foreign material in, 224
of head, 228, 565
treatment of, 565
of heart, 231
hemorrhage from, 223
of joints, 228
key-hole, 225
of kidney, 233
localizing symptoms, 223
multiple, 224
of neck, 229
pain from, 223
prognosis of, 225
of respiratory passages, 675
 shock from, 223
of small intestines, 823
of spinal column, 230
of spleen, 233
of thorax, 230
treatment of, 225

H
Hall’s, Marshall, method of artificial respiration, 204
Halstead’s operation for cancer of breast, 766
for hernia, 904
Hammer-toe, 321
treatment of, 321
Hand, amputation of, 1031
arthritis deformans of, 388
dislocations of, 536
elephantiasis of, 370
excision of, 412
fractures of, 407
Hands, sterilization of, 245
Harcourt inhaler, 197
Hare-lip, 638
operation for, 645
Head, arteries of ligation of, 352
injuries of, 545
previous and during birth, 549
caput succedaneum, 549
cephalhematoma neonatorum, 549
depression of skull, 549
fractures, 549
surgical diseases of, 545
wounds of, gunshot, 228, 565
treatment of, 565
Heart, aneurysms of, 732
 carcinoma of, 336
malposition of, 334
rupture of, 336, 732
surgical diseases of, 334
tumors of, 336
wall of, abscess of, 733
wounds of, 334, 733
gunshot, 231
suture of, 335 (note),
treatment of, 335
Heel, excision of, 414
Hematoma of scalp, 218
of testicle, 1015
Hematorrhachis, 625, 634
treatment of, 634
Hematomyelia, 625, 634
treatment of, 634
Hematuria, 959
treatment of, 959
Hemiglossitis, 659
Hemoglobin, 33
Hemorrhage after abdominal operations, 780
from breast, 755
control of, 234
in amputations, 1024
by angiotribe, 236
by chemical agents, 235
by cold, 235
by destructive methods, 236
by digital compression, 235
by elastic bandage, 234
by electrothermic clamp, 236
by forced flexion, 235
by gelatin, 235
by heat, 235
by ligature, 236
 by hemostats, 236
by mechanical means, 236
by pressure, 235
by styptics, 235
by torsion, 236
by tourniquet, 234
of esophagus, 744
from gunshot wounds, 223
intracranial, 563
intra-ocular, 604
intra-orbital, 592
of larynx, 683
secondary, 237
signs of, 237
treatment of, 237
of spinal cord, 625, 634
subdural, 564
traumatic intraventricular, 564
Hemorrhagic pancreatitis, 946
ulcers, 66
treatment of, 72
Hemorrhoidal veins, phlebitis of, 362
Hemorrhoids, 364, 882
esophageal, 365
treatment of, 883
Hemostats, control of hemorrhage by, 236
Hemothorax, 736
Hepatic abscess, 911
symptoms of, 912
treatment of, 912
Hepaticostomy, 928
Hepaticotomy, 928
Hepato-cholango-enterostomy, 932
Hermaphrodism, 1007
Hernia, 890
acquired, 890
causes of, 890
cerebri, 566
prognosis of, 566
treatment of, 566
classification of, 890
congenital, 890
diaphragmatic, 897
acquired, 897
congenital, 897
femoral, 895
treatment of, 908
funiculi umbilicalis, 896
funicular, 891
gluteal, 897
incarceration of, 892
infantile, 891
inflamed, 892
inguinal, 893
congenital, 894
direct, 893
indirect, 893
treatment of, 908
inguinoproperitoneal, 898
interstitial, 898
ischiatic, 897
Littre’s, 898
lumbar, 897
of lung, 725
of muscles, 330
obturator, 897
ovarian, 897
pelvic, 897
perineal, 897
postoperative, 896
treatment of, 909
properitoneal, 891, 897
 reducibility of, 892
retroperitoneal, 891, 897
Richter’s, 898
scrotal, 895
signs of, 892
strangulated, diagnosis of, from appendicitis, 858
intestinal obstruction from, 829
strangulation of, 892
symptoms of, 893
taxis in, 899
traumatic, 890
treatment of, 898
Bassini’s operation, 902
Halsted’s operation, 904
Kocher’s operation, 904
McArthur’s operation, 904
Park’s operation, 905
radical cure, 901
umbilical, 896
treatment of, 909
varieties of, 893
ventral, 896
treatment of, 909
Hernial aneurysm, 339
Herpes, diagnosis of, from chancroid, 145
preputialis, 1009
zoster, 728
Heteroplasty, 602
Highmore, antrum of, operations on, 611
Hip, ankylosis of, 404
caries of, 452
diagnosis of, 454
prognosis of, 454
symptoms of, 453
muscle atrophy, 453
spasm, 453
 pain, 453
treatment of, 454
dislocations of, 537
classification of, 537
congenital, 471
diagnosis of, 473
treatment of, 474
signs of, 538
symptoms of, 538
treatment of, 539
unreduced, 542
excision of, 412
-joint, amputation of, 1045
Davey’s method, 1045
McBurney’s method, 1045
Woodbury’s method, 1045
Wyeth’s method, 1045
tuberculosis of, 424
Hodgen suspension splint, 515
Hodgkin’s disease, 376
diagnosis of, 377
symptoms of, 377
treatment of, 378
Hordeolum, 600
Hornets, poisoning by, 172
Hour-glass gall-bladder, 916
stomach, 793
Housemaid’s knee, 333
Howard’s method of artificial respiration, 204
Hueter’s incision in excision of elbow, 410
Humerus, fractures of, 495
condyles of, 498
external, 499
internal, 499
epicondyles of, 497
intercondyloid, 499
 shafts of, 496
supracondyloid, 497
surgical neck of, 496
treatment of, 495
Hunterian chancre, 127
Hunter’s method of treating aneurysm, 347
Hutchinson’s teeth, 140
Hydatid cysts, 263
of liver, 913
treatment of, 913
of lung, 732
of omentum, 935
of spleen, 943
disease of bone, 432
treatment of, 432
Hydatidiform mole, 292
Hydramnios, 263
Hydrarthrosis, 386
Hydrencephaloceles, 577
Hydroceles, 261, 1018
of canal of Nuck, 261
chylous, 372
of cord, 261
encysted, of spermatic cord, 1019
of testicle, 260
funicular, 261
of neck, 261
ovarian, 261
treatment of, 1018
Hydrocephalus, 263, 578
meningeus or externus, 578
prognosis of, 579
in rickets, 162
treatment of, 579
ventriculorum or internus, 578
Hydrocholecyst, 259
Hydrometra, 259
Hydronephrosis, 971
treatment of, 973
Hydrophobia, 102
diagnosis of, 104
dumb, 103
furious form, 102
incubation in, 103
paralytic type of, 103
postmortem changes in, 104
symptoms of, 103
treatment of, 104
virus of, 102
Hydrops, 333
Hydrothionemia, 82
Hydrothorax, 736
chylous, 368
Hygroma, 333
Hyoid bone, fractures of, 491
Hyperemia, 19
active, 20
of dilatation, 21
of paralysis, 21
passive, 21
results of, 22
acute swelling, 22
chronic swelling, 22
gangrene, 22
nutritional changes, 23
resolution, 22
treatment of, 23
Hyperinosis, 28
Hypernephroma, 292, 970
Hyperostoses of bone, 441
Hyperplasia, definition of, 22, 25
Hyperthyroidism, 713
Hypertrophy, 25
of bone, 422
of breast, 756
of clitoris, 1007
congenital, 26
of lips, 638
pathological, 26
physiological, 25
of prostate, 995
diagnosis of, 996
symptoms of, 997
treatment of, 998
senile, 26
of skin, 311
of spleen, 941
of thymus, 717, 751
of thyroid, acute idiopathic, 711
intra-uterine, 711
of tonsils, chronic, 662
of veins, 361
Hypinosis, 28
Hypodermoclysis, 186
Hypognathy, 638
Hypopyon, 62, 598
Hypospadias, 1005
balanic, 1005
penile, 1005
penoscrotal, 1005
perineoscrotal, 1005
Hypostatic inflammation, 47
pneumonia, 21

I
Idiopathic erysipelas, 93, 94
 hypertrophy of thyroid, 711
pyemia, 91
Ignipuncture, 184
Ileus, 828
Iliac artery, aneurysm of, 346
common, ligation of, 356
external, ligation of, 357
internal, ligation of, 357
Imperforate anus, 873
rectum, 872
Implantation dermoids, 266
Incised wounds, 214
of bloodvessels, 216
Incontinence of urine, 982
Indolent ulcer, 66
Indurated ulcer, 67
Infantile hernia, 891
scorbutus, 161
Infection, auto-, 79
circumstances favoring, 46
association of organisms, 46
fetal infection, 48
habits and environment, 47
hereditary influence, 46
local predisposition, 47
preëxisting disease, 47
virulence of organism, 46
classification of, 50
mixed, 51
primary, 50
pyogenic, 51
secondary, 51
terminal, 51
tertiary, 51
relation of granulation tissue to, 96
of lymph nodes to, 96
 sources of, 48
alimentary canal, 49
from flies, 50
from within system, 50
from without, 50
genito-urinary tract, 49
milk in lacteals, 50
mucous membranes, 48
respiratory tract, 49
skin, 48
tonsils, 49
Inflammation, 43
ameboid movement of cells in, 43
as cause of tumor, 256
of bladder, 984
symptoms of, 984
treatment of, 985
of breast, 756
chemotaxis in, 44
of corpus cavernosum, 1009
diapedesis of leukocytes in, 43
hypostatic, 47
of iris, 598
of jaw, 667
of kidney, 956
of larynx, 683
leukocytic increase in, 44
of mediastinum, 728
opsonins in, 44
of pancreas, 946
phenomena of, 43
of prostate, 994
of rectum, 875
of salivary glands, 649
specific irritants in, 45
of spleen, 941
 of stomach wall, 804
of thymus, 717
of tongue, 658
of veins, 361
Influenza, secondary infection in, 167
Infra-orbital nerve, operation on, 613
Infusion of blood, 185
intravenous, 186
Ingrowing toe-nail, 318
Inguinal hernia, 893
congenital, 894
direct, 893
indirect, 893
treatment of, 908
Inguinoproperitoneal hernia, 898
Inhaler, Harcourt’s, 197
Innominate artery, aneurysm of, 345
ligation of, 350
Insane, othematoma of, 605
Insanity, traumatic, surgical treatment of, 582
Instruments, sterilization of, 246
Intercondyloid fracture of humerus, 499
Intercostal neuralgia, 728
Interrupted suture, 241
Interscapularthoracic amputations, 1033
Interstitial exudates, 23
gingivitis, 657
hernia, 898
pancreatitis, 950
Intestinal biliary fistulas, 917
diverticula, 262, 822
ulcers, diagnosis of, from appendicitis, 857
Intestine, large, anomalies of, 869
cancer of, 870
obstruction of, 870
from intussusception, 870
 from volvulus, 870
stricture of, 870
syphilis of, 869
tuberculosis of, 869
operation on, 840
anastomotic, 842
appendicostomy, 850
colopexy, 850
colostomy, 849
enteroplication, 850
enterostomy, 849
small, 822
actinomycosis of, 827
cancer of, 828
treatment of, 828
malformations of, acquired, 823
congenital, 822
obstruction of, acute, 828
from bands, 833
fecal impaction, 832
gallstones, 833
intestinal loops, 834
intussusception, 829
causes of, 830
symptoms of, 831
treatment of, 832
invagination, 829
neoplasms, extrinsic, 833
intrinsic, 833
peritonitis, 833
slits and apertures, 834
strangulated hernias, 829
strictures, 832
volvulus, 832
postoperative, 834
symptoms of, 834
 treatment of, 836
chronic, 838
symptoms of, 838
treatment of, 839
stricture of, 827
obstruction from, 832
symptoms of, 828
treatment of, 828
syphilis of, 827
tumors of, 828
ulcers of, 825
cancerous, 827
duodenal, 825
symptoms of, 825
treatment of, 826
dysenteric, 827
tuberculous, 827
symptoms of, 827
treatment of, 827
typhoidal, 826
symptoms of, 826
treatment of, 826
wounds of, 823
gunshot, 823
symptoms of, 824
treatment of, 824
suture of, 840
Lembert’s, 841
Murphy button, 844
Intoxications, acid, from anesthetics, 203
acute, 174
Intra-abdominal gastric fistulas, 801
Intracanalicular adenofibroma, 285
Intracranial aneurysm, 345
development, defects of, treatment of, 580
hemorrhage, 563
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebookmass.com