LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

MODULE 6: Communication for Various Purposes

6.1 First Function: To Provide Information
6.2 Second Function: To Persuade
6.3 Third Function: To Entertain, Honor or Praise

: 6 hrs.

INTRODUCTION:

Function refers to the particular purpose for which sometimes exists or becomes
useful, or how a person is fitted to meet his own or somebody else’s needs and desires.

Whenever we communicate, we always have a definite purpose, which is usually

intentional, perceptive or recognizable, and functional (or designed to achieve something
positive). In some instances, however, our good intention also creates an unintentional,
dysfunctional result. To avoid having this unintended negative effect, we need to use clear,
correct language and be sensitive to cultural differences.

Communication is designed to serve three basic functions: (a) to provide information,

(b) to persuade or argue, and (c) to entertain, honor, or praise, and so on.

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES: In this lesson, students will lead to:

1. Enumerate, explain, and discuss various purposes of communication;

2. Draft any of the four types of speeches, and;
3. Deliver any of the fourth types of speeches through video-taped.

PRE – ASSESSMENT. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What is the purpose of communicating to a live audience?

___________________________________________________________________
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2. What purpose of speech do you know and how it should be crafted?

___________________________________________________________________
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3. Why a speech to honor a person is necessary?

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LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Let's Communicate

FIRST FUNCTION: TO PROVIDE INFORMATION

That we live an information age is given, and that providing information, a task we perform
hundreds of times each day, is undeniably the most common and important form of
communication. A lot of talking goes on in the world, and a large part of it is done to give
instruction, provide facts, or clarify idea.

NATURE OF INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION (LUCAS, 2012)

1. Objects – may include anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form. They may
be nonliving or living, such a places, structures, animals, and even people.
Example:
Rodrigo R. Duterte as President
Electronic gadgets
Dinosaurs ruling the world

2. Processes- may comprise any systematic series of action that lead to specific
result products. Communication about process explains how something is made, how
something is done, or how something works.
Example:
How flashfloods develop
Writing an effective resume
Flow of communication in business

3. Events – can be anything that happens or is regarded is happening.

Example:
Fights against drugs
Sleep deprivation
Festival of the gun

4. Concepts- may consist of beliefs, theories, ideas, principles, and the like. They are
more abstract than objects, processes, or events.
Example:
Philosophy of Education
Confucianism
Terrorism

FORMAL SITUATION REQUIRING INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION

1. The public lecture- as a result of a person’s special interest or expertise, he may be

invited to give a public lecture to a community group or club.
2. The status report- every business or social group must be kept up-to-date on its
various projects.

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LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

3. The briefing- this is very common informative speech used to tell members of a
group about changes in policy or procedure.
4. The fireside chats- this usually features a group leader addressing the concerns,
worries, and issues at the moment.
5. The chalk talk- the speaker giving a chalk relies on a visual aid.

ORGANIZATION PATTERNS FOR INFORMATIVE SPEECHES (NELSON, 2012)

1. The Chronological Patterns- this pattern allow you to explain how someone or
something has developed over a period of time.
2. The Spatial Pattern- this pattern allows you to describe the physical or directional
relationship between objects or places.
3. The Topical Pattern- in the topical pattern, you divide your topic into subtopics that
address the component, element, or aspects, of the topics.
4. The Narratives Pattern- the narrative pattern is used to retell a story or a series of
short stories.

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GUIDELINES FOR INFORMATIVE SPEAKING (JAFFE, 2010)

1. Do an obstacle analysis of the audience – identify the parts of the message that
the audience might find hard to understand and work on specific ways to make
section clear.
2. Organize the material carefully- state your major points clearly, and build on sign
posts, such as “ next “ and “in addition” that can help them identify the flow of ideas.
3. Personalize your material to your audience- help the, listener see the connection
between your topic and their experience, goals, belief, and actions.
4. Compare the known to the unknown- start with what is familiar to your audience,
and build on this foundation, showing similarities and differences between your topic
and what your listener already know.
5. Choose your vocabulary carefully- avoid bewildering your listener with technical
information and incomprehensible jargon by defining your terms and explaining them
in everyday, concrete images.
6. Build on repetition and redundancy- repetition means that you say the same idea
several times.
7. Strive to be interesting- search for some ways to enliven your factual materials.

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LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SECOND FUNCTION: TO PURSUADE

Persuasion is the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people’s belief or action. The
ability to speak and write persuasively will benefit you in every part of your life – from
personal relationship to community activities to career opportunities.

DIFFERENCIES BETWEEN INFORMATIVE AND PURSUASIVE SPEECHES

Informative speakers fulfill the role of an expert on a topic and seek to facilitate audience
understanding about it. In contrast, persuasive speakers take the role of promoter or
proponent, advocating a particular view on a topic they want the audience to adopt.

ELEMENT OF PERSUASIVE (LUCAS, 2012)

1. Ethos- this is the Greek word for “character”. Here, the speaker attempts to
persuade others by using authorities and trustworthy course or support of the
message.
Example:
As a mother of five healthy eaters, I can assure you that introducing vegetables to babies as
early as possible avoids fussy feedings.

2. Pathos- this refers to the speaker’s appeal to emotion.

Example:
Imagine your children facing a future without you- then, take the opportunity today to give up
drugs and create a healthier you.

3. Logos- this involves using logic to support a speaker’s statement and thereby,
persuading his audience.
Example:
Drug addiction is a development disease. What do we mean by that? What we have learned
from many years of epidemiological studies is drug addiction develops during this period of
our lives, during adolescence and early adulthood.

TYPES OF PERSUASIVE SPEECHES (LUCAS, 2012)

1. Speeches on Question of fact- a question of fact asks whether something is true or

false. The speaker tries to persuade an audience that something did or did not occur,
or that event did, in fact, cause another.

For example, in a criminal case, the persecution to persuade the jury that the dependent did
engage in an illegal activity while the defense argues the defendant did not

2. Speeches on Question of value- a question of value asks for subjective evaluation

of something’s worth , significance, quality, or condition. Here, the speaker argues
that something is good or bad, right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, boring or engaging,
funny or serious- All qualitative judgment about something’s significance.

Question of value can address issues, such as the morality of war, or more
contemporary concerns, like the personal or ethical uses of social networking websites.

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3. Speeches of Question of Policy- while question of value makes judgments about

topic and promote speaker of the significance of something, a question of policy asks
what specific course of action should be taken or how a problem should be solved.
Question of policy may reflect current controversies, such as U.S migration
policies or less continues topics, like getting more exercise.
For example, a speaker might propose any of the following:
a. College students should circulate a petition to ban junk food on campus.
b. People should support the animal right movement.
c. Local residents should not approve of changes in the zoning law.
d. Everyone should exercise more.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLE FOR PERSUASIVE SPEAKING (PARSH, 2014)

1. Be careful about whom you trust.

Listener like you needs to watch whom you trust and speakers need to provide
credentials to show they are trustworthy. They need to need to demonstrate their
sound credibility.
2. Analyze and evaluate message for reasonable, truth, and benefit to you and the
community.
As critical thinker you will want message to meet standards of reasonableness.
3. You and your message are persuasive if you have a long positive history.
Try to establish credibility anytime you deal and speak to people. This will always be
a part of your life.
4. Always be respectful of your audience.
Following the “Golden Rule” will help you avoid ethical problems.
5. Avoid fallacies.
If you always strive to use sound reasoning tempered by critical thinking, you can
skillfully avoid short circuits to reasonable thought that are known to be fallacies.

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THIRD FUNCTION: TO ENTERTAIN, HONOR, PRAISE, AND SO ON

This function refers to some other purposes of communication, specifically those that mark
the day-to-day life- high points that stand out above the ordinary routine. Christening,
wedding, funerals, graduation, award ceremonies, inaugurals, and retirement dinners-all
these are occasions and they are very special to the people who take part on them.

1. Purpose- the primary of informative speech is to teach while that of a persuasive

speech is to change behavior of belief.
2. Style- while informative and persuasive speeches use stylistic devices, like narrative,
metaphor, similes, or analogies, special-occasion speeches use highly stylistic or
ornamental language.
3. Organization- though special-occasion presentation, like any other speeches, have
introduction, body, and conclusion they have less-obvious transactions between the
main points. Instead, their ornament styling may suggest more subtle and creative
ways, and they are relatively short.
4. Formality- they are a bit more formal, but formality refers more to the degree of
professional used by the speaker to share his ideas with his listener.

GENERAL TYPES OF SPECIAL-OCCASION SPEECHES

COURTESY SPEECHES
1. Speech of Introduction- this speech is design to tell us about the person being
introduced and to help establish his ethos- in this case ethos might include credential
and/or goodwill.
a. Introduction-use an anecdote or some story to establish the speaker being
introduced.
b. Body-discuss his biography and qualification. Focus on qualification most relevant to
the occasion and on some other interesting facts about him.
c. Conclusion-summarize his qualifications and use that summary to explain why he
was asked to speak. End by welcoming the speaker and inviting the audience to join
the welcoming by applauding.

Speech of Presentation- this speech is used when a person is publicly presented with a gift
or an award. It is usually brief, and length depends on the formality of the occasion.
1. State the person’s name early in the presentation.
2. Explain the award’s significance as a symbol of the group esteem.
3. Explain how the person is selected for the awards.

Speech of acceptance-this speech is delivered by individuals who have been recognized,

honored, or awarded. These people know that they will be publicly recognized, so they will
have enough time to prepare their speech.
1. To be thankful and humble-first, he must thank the people who helped him
succeed. He must minimize personal accomplishment, demonstrating, a sense of
perspective, even humility.
2. To be succinct-brevity is the soul of wit, so he must keep his remarks brief.
3. To contextualize the award-he may provide a context for the award by describing
what he did that led to the award, or tell a story related to the occasion.

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LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

CEREMONIAL SPEECHES
Addresses known as ceremonial speeches are usually part of formal activity.
 Commencement Address-a commencement address is also known as graduation
speech.

COMMEMORATIVE SPEECH This is a speech of praise or celebration. Examples are

tribute, dedication, and eulogies. The speech aims to pay tribute to a person, a group of
people, an institution or an idea.
 Tributes- are commemorative speeches that highlight and reinforce cultural belief,
values, and behavior.
 Eulogies-a eulogy is generally thought of a speech given to praise or honor
someone who has died.

CONTEST SPEECH-event fall into categories of public speaking and interpretation. Popular
events include original oratory, extemporaneous speech and dramatic and humorous
interpretation.
 Ordinary Oratory- in this speech contest, the speaker is allowed to choose his topic
and write his own speech about it. This speech, need careful and complete
preparation, is memorized and limited to a ten minutes delivery.
 Extemporaneous Speech- in extemporaneous-speaking competition, participants is
required to choose one topic from several given topics and prepared a five to seven
minutes speech on the topics.
 Dramatic and Humorous Interpretation- it is competitive interpretation event where
participant are permitted to choose the materials they want to perform.

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TYPE OF SPEECH BASED ON DELIVERY

Impromptu Speech- for instance, while attending your best friend’s 18 th birthday the guest
begin chanting your name followed by the word ”speech, speech, speech”.
1. Anticipate that you may be called upon to speak-always do a little preparation
before attending any events by thinking of at least two or three ideas about a topic or
the event.
2. Stay updated on the development in your field-read regularly both popular and
professional publication in your field.
3. Be prepared with a few stories and remarks-it is handy to be ready with the variety
of jokes, strange statistics, and several experiences.

EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH-it is the presentation of carefully planned and rehearsed

speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes.
These are possible occasions for the delivery of an extemporaneous speech:
1. Campaign
2. Fund-raising activities
3. Seminar lecture
4. Reports to government agencies
5. Talks about trip, study or event
6. SONA

You can boost your self-confidence and successfully go through the delivery of your
extemporaneous speech by observing these tips (Lull & Coopman, 2012):

1. Starting your speech

a. Move to the front of the room or stage and face the audience.
b. Assume a relaxed but upright position.
c. Plant your feet apart, a bit less than your shoulder width, and allow your arms to
hang loosely by your side.
d. Arrange your notes before you start to speak.
e. Look at your audience and smile.
2. Gesture
a. Feel free to use your hands to gesture, but do not plan all your gesture ahead of
time.
b. Do your best to avoid nervous mannerism such as twisting your hair, wringing
your hands, shifting your weight from one foot to the other, or tapping your finger
on the lecture.
3. Eye contact
a. Look at the left, right, and center part of the room.
b. Eye contact with the audience does not mean to speak excessively to one or two
sympathetic individuals.
4. Voice
a. Try to use your voice as expressively as you would in normal conversation.
b. Make a concentrate on projecting your voice to the back of the room and fight
against racing through your speech.

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LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

MANUSCRIPT (OR READ) SPEECH

This written out speech is read in it’s entirely when delivered. The following situations call for
this kind of speech.
1. Ceremonial speeches, such as eulogies, tributes, and award.
2. Political speeches
3. Radio and TV speeches
4. Presentation of policy

MEMORIZED SPEECH
It is a speech that you as speaker need to deliver by rote. Memorization can be useful when
the message has to be exact to avoid any misunderstanding, and when the speaker does
not to be confined by notes.
This type of speech is utilized in situation like the following.
1. Oratorical competition
2. Presentation of high-level awards
3. Welcoming very important dignitaries
4. Political speeches
5. Banquet speech

A. Enumerate, and discuss the various types of communication through a graphic

organizer, you may choose your own style of graphic organizer provided that it is
substantially and creatively done. Put your graphic organizer in short bond paper.

Criteria:
Clarity of content – 30 pts.
Appropriateness of font style, colors, &design – 20 pts.
Total – 50 pts.

B. Draft a speech, (choose any forms of speeches). Encode your speech in a short
bond paper.

Criteria:
Content – 15 pts.
Mechanics – 15 pts.
Total - 30 pts.

C. Deliver, then video-taped the speech you have crafted in ‘Let’s do It B’. Incorporate
the pointers you have learned in this chapter. Upload your video in the Google
Classroom. Time limit is 2-minute to make sure it will be uploaded.

Criteria:
Content – 15 pts.
Mechanics – 15 pts.
Total - 30 pts.

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LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SELF- EVALUATION:

Supply the statements below:

When providing information, the speaker should …..

Persuading audience is one way of…

Entertaining audience will make them …

POST-TEST: Answer the following questions briefly.

1. If you were to deliver an informative speech, what topic would you want to talk
about? Why?
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2. Name an issue that call for persuasive speech. Elaborate why you have chosen such
issue.
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3. How may you lessen your nervousness when delivering a speech?

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REFERENCES

1. Padilla, M. et.al (2018). Communicate & Connect! Purposive Communication. Mutya

Publishing House, Inc., Manila, Philippines
2. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/opinion/sunday/the-flight-from-conversation.html
3. https://www.ted.com/talks/sherry_turkle_alone_together
4. https://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cellphone_twitter_facebook_can_make_
history
5. https://www.ted.com/talks/gordon_brown

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