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Advance Computer Network (22520)

A Laboratory Manual for

Advanced Computer Network

(22520)
Fifth Semester
Diploma in Computer Engineering / Computer Technology
/Information Technology/ Computer Science &
Engineering

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Practical No. 1: Given an IP address, network mask, and subnetworkmask,

determine other information and implement it about the IP address such as:
i. The subnet address of this subnet.
ii. The broadcast address of this subnet.
iii. The range of host address for this subnet.
iv. The maximum number of subnets for this subnet mask.
v. The number of hosts for each subnet.
vi. The number of subnet bits.
vii. The number of this subnet.
I. Practical significance
Given an IP address, its class can be determined from the three. The more host bits you
use for a subnet mask, the more subnets you have subnet work.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

 Basic Knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the broad computer engineering problem.
 Discipline Knowledge: Apply computer engineering discipline – specific
knowledge to solve core computer engineering related problems
 Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve broad based computer engineering problems.
 Engineering tools: Apply relevant computer technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.
 Individual and team work: Function effectively as a loader and team member
in diverse and multidisciplinary teams.
 Communication: communicate effectively in oral and written form.
 Life-long learning: engage in independent and life-long learning activities in the
context of technological changes in the computer engineering field and allied
industry.

III. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

 Implement Network Layer Protocols

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) From given data find subnet, broadcast, range, subnet bits.

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

Let Assume IP Address of one of the subnet is = 141.14.120.77 and Network Mask =
255.255.192.0/18

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Network address:-First address = (any address) AND (network mask) =

141.14.120.77 AND 255.255.192.0 = 141.14.64.0

Network broadcast address:-Last address = (any address) OR [NOT (network mask)]

=141.14.120.77 OR 0.0.63.255 = 141.14.127.255

Total number of host bits: - 32-18(32-n) = 14 bits

Number of hosts:-N = (232-n) 232- 18 in which n is the prefix length and N is the number
of addresses in the block. = 232-18 =214 = 16382 hosts.

a) Subnet Address of this subnet: (any address) AND (network mask)

141.14.120.77 AND 255.255.192.0 = 141.14.64.0 (Subnet Address)

b) The Broadcast Address of this Subnet: (any address) OR [NOT (network mask)]

141.14.120.77 OR 0.0.63.255 = 141.14.127.255 (Broadcast Address of this Subnet)

c) The range of host addresses for the subnet: 141.14.64.1 - 141.14.127.254.

d) The maximum number of subnets for this subnet mask: 4

e) Sub-networks we can create.

All 4 of the Possible /18 Sub Networks for 141.14..

Network Address Usable Host Range Broadcast Address

141.14.0.0 141.14.0.1 - 141.14.63.254 141.14.63.255
141.14.64.0 141.14.64.1 - 141.14.127.254 141.14.127.255
141.14.128.0 141.14.128.1 - 141.14.191.254 141.14.191.255
141.14.192.0 141.14.192.1 - 141.14.255.254 141.14.255.255

VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

No. Resource
1 Hardware Computer(i3-i5 preferable), RAM
Computer minimum 2 GB and onwards,
System HDD free space 1GB or More
As per Batch For All
2 Operating system Windows 7 or latest/LINUX
Size Practical of
version 5.0 or later
ACN
3 Software/ Website Command Prompt (Windows),
https://www.calculator.net/ip-
subnet-calculator.html

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VIII. Precautions
1. Handle computer system carefully
2. Note down the exact output.
IX. Additional Resources used
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X. Result (Output of the procedure)

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XI. Practical Related Questions

1. How to find the subnet mask of an IP address?
2. How to calculate a subnet mask from host subnets?
3. How to find the subnet address from an IP address and a subnet mask?
4. What is fragmentation?
5. Explain the purpose of classful, classless addressing and Subnetting.

(Space for answers)

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XII. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

Process Related (15 Mark) 60%
1. Proper Handling of Equipment. 20%
2. Identify an Use of Network Tools 20%
3. Configuration of Network. 20%
Process Related (10 Mark) 40%
4. Result 20%
3. Practical Related Questions. 10%
4. Submit Report in Time. 10%
Total (25) 100%

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 2:a. Capture ICMPv4 packets generated by utility programs like
ping, traceroute and tabulate all the captured parameters using
relevant software.
b. Investigate IP Protocol by capturing IP datagrams and
tabulate all the captured parameters using relevant software.
I. Practical significance
Capture ICMPv4 packets generated by utility programs like ping, traceroute and
tabulate all the captured parameters using relevant software. Learn about the ICMP
protocol, one of the internet's most commonly used protocols, and how it can be
exploited to carry out DDoS attacks or used to perform.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Use of ping and tracert/ traceroute and ARP utilities

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

Proposition 1. Introduction to Wireshark: Wireshark tool which is used for packet

capture in the networks. Wireshark is a free packet sniffer computer application. It is
used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol
development, and education. It was originally named as etheral. Wireshark puts your
network card into promiscuous mode, which basically tells it to accept every packet it
receives. It allows the user to see all traffic being passed over the network.

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Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets. Basically, pcap is a library of information

about various protocols, their packet structure, and different messages passed in those
protocols. So it can only capture the packets on the networks supported by pcap.When
you install Wireshark you will receive a prompt to install the WinPcap component,
which is nothing but the windows version of pcap. For unix like environments, another
library by the name libcap is available.

Proposition 2. ICMP IPv4 datagram format:

Echo request
The echo request ("ping") is an ICMP/ICMP6 message.

The Identifier and Sequence Number can be used by the client to match the reply with
the request that caused the reply. In practice, most Linux systems use a unique identifier
for every ping process, and sequence number is an increasing number within that
process. Windows uses a fixed identifier, which varies between Windows versions, and
a sequence number that is only reset at boot time.

Echo reply
The echo reply is an ICMP message generated in response to an echo request; it is
mandatory for all hosts, and must include the exact payload received in the request.

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The identifier and sequence number can be used by the client to associate each echo
request with its reply.

VII. Stepwise Procedure:

Packet Capture (Packet Sniffing):-

A packet sniffer is an application which can capture and analyse network traffic
which is passing through a system‟s Network Interface Card (NIC). The sniffer sets the
card to promiscuous mode which means all traffic is read, whether it is addressed to that
machine or not. The figure below shows an attacker sniffing packets from the network,
and the Wireshark packet sniffer/analyser (formerly known as ethereal).

Packet Analysis:-

Wireshark is an open source cross-platform packet capture and analysis tool, with
versions for Windows and Linux. The GUI window gives a detailed breakdown of the
network protocol stack for each packet, colorising packet details based on protocol, as
well as having functionality to filter and search the traffic, and pick out TCP streams.
Wireshark can also save packet data to files for offline analysis and export/import
packet captures to/from other tools. Statistics can also be generated for packet capture
files.

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Download and install Wireshark on your PC.

Wireshark is a network packet sniffer (and protocol analyzer) that runs on many
platforms, including Windows XP and Vista. If Wireshark is not currently available on
your PC, you can download the Latest Windows Version from [here] Wireshark 1.2.6
WindownInstaller. Other Versions of Wireshark from
http://www.wireshark.org/download.html. The current version of Wireshark, at time of
writing, is version 1.2.6. The initial Wireshark installation screen is shown in Figure1

Click the I Agree button to the License agreement, then select options (or accept
defaults) clicking the Next button on each screen when prompted.

• Diagrams / Experimental set-up /Work Situation

Procedure:-
Select a Network Interface to Capture Packets through.

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Start the Wireshark application. When Wireshark is first run, a default, or blank
window is shown. To list the available network interfaces, select the Capture->Interfaces
menu option.

Wireshark should display a popup window such as the one shown in Figure 2. To
capture network traffic click the Start button for the network interface you want to capture
traffic on. Windows can have a long list of virtual interfaces, before the Ethernet Network
Interface Card (NIC).

Note: The total incoming packets, for each interface, are displayed in the column to the left
of the Start buttons.
Generate some network traffic with a Web Browser, such as Internet Explorer or
Chrome. Your Wireshark window should show the packets, and now look something like

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To stop the capture

Select the Capture->Stop menu option, Ctrl+E, or the Stop toolbar button. What you
have created is a Packet Capture or „pcap‟, which you can now view and analyse using the
Wireshark interface, or save to disk to analyse later.
The capture is split into 3 parts:

1. Packet List Panel – this is a list of packets in the current capture. It colours the packets
based on the protocol type. When a packet is selected, the details are shown in the two panels
below.

2. Packet Details Panel – this shows the details of the selected packet. It shows the
different protocols making up the layers of data for this packet. Layers include Frame,
Ethernet, IP, TCP/UDP/ICMP, and application protocols such as HTTP.

3. Packet Bytes Panel – shows the packet bytes in Hex and ASCII encodings.

To select more detailed options when starting a capture, select the Capture-
>Options menu option, or Ctrl+K, or the Capture Options button on the toolbar (the
wrench). This should show a window such as shown in Figure 4.

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Figure 4 - Wireshark Capture Options

Some of the more interesting options are:

· Capture Options > Interface - Again the important thing is to select the correct Network
Interface to capture traffic through.

· Capture Options > Capture File – useful to save a file of the packet capture in real time,
in case of a system crash.

· Display Options > Update list of packets in real time – A display option, which should be
checked if you want to view the capture as it happens (typically switched off to capture
straight to a file, for later analysis).

· Name Resolution > MAC name resolution – resolves the first 3 bytes of the MAC
Address, the Organisation Unique Identifier (OUI), which represents the Manufacturer of the
Card.
· Name Resolution > Network name resolution – does a DNS lookup for the IP Addresses
captured, to display the network name. Set to off by default, so covert scans do not generate
this DNS traffic, and tip off who‟s packets you are sniffing. Make sure the MAC name
resolution is selected. Start the capture, and generate some Web traffic again, then stop the
capture.
Wireshark Display Filters.
Right click on the Source Port field in the Packet Details Panel. Select Prepare a
Filter->Selected

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Wireshark automatically generates a Display Filter, and applies it to the capture. The
filter is shown in the Filter Bar, below the button toolbar. Only packets captured with a
Source Port of the value selected should be displayed. The window should be similar to that
shown in Figure 6. This same process can be performed on most fields within Wireshark,
and can be used to include or exclude traffic.

Saving Packet Captures

Often captures should be saved to disc, for later analysis. To save a capture, select
File->Save As and save the trace. By default this creates a Wiresharkpcapng file, or if you
select pcap a file many tools can read and write this. For example a tcpdump output file is in

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this format and can be read into Wireshark for analysis. This saves all the captured packets to
the file. Paste the display filter back into the Filter Bar, and Apply it.

To save only the displayed packets, select File-> Export Specified Packets, and make
sure the Displayed radio button is selected rather than the Captured option. This creates a
pcap file, with only the packets filtered by the current display filter.

VIII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

IX. Precautions
1. Handle computer system carefully
2. Note down the exact output.

X. Additional Resources used

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XI. Result (Output of the procedure)

XII. Practical Related Questions

1. What is the use of Ping command?
2. Difference between ping command and traceroute command.
3. What is ICMP packet?
4. How to capture ICMPv4 packet?
5. What is Wireshark?
6. State any four Wireshark Capture Options

(Space for answers)

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XIII. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 3: Configure IPv6 network using any network simulator.

I. Practical significance
To understand more on the co-existence technology between IPv4 and IPv6, tunnelling
and dual stack technology were configured in simulation. Thus 6 to 4 tunnel.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Configure IPv6 using any network simulator.

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

Proposition 1.
The characteristics of IPv6.

• Larger address space:Increased address size from 32 bits to 128 bits

• Streamlined protocol header: Improves packet-forwarding efficiency
• Stateless autoconfiguration: The ability for nodes to determine their own address
• Multicast: Increased use of efficient one-to-many communications
• Jumbograms: The ability to have very large packet payloads for greater efficiency
• Network layer security: Encryption and authentication of communications

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• Quality of service (QoS) capabilities:QoS markings of packets and flow labels that
help identify priority traffic
• Anycast: Redundant services using nonunique addresses
• Mobility: Simpler handling of mobile or roaming nodes
Proposition 2.

Fig. IPv6 Header

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Steps to Configure IPv6 on Cisco Packets Tracer v6.0.1:

Step 1: First open the Cisco packet tracer desktop and create a network topology
something like the image

Step 2: Configuring the GigabitEthernet Interfaces.

• First, we will configure the GigabitEthernet0/0 using CLI.

• Click on router0 and go to CLI and type the commands are given below:

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
Router(config)#int Gig0/0
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address FE80::1 link-local
Router(config-if)#no shut

• Now we will configure the GigabitEthernet0/1 Interface.

• Click on router0 and go to CLI and type the commands are given below:

Router(config)#int Gig0/1
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address FE80::1 link-local
Router(config-if)#no shut

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• Then, both the interfaces will be active now:

Step 3: Configuring Ipv6 address in both Interfaces using CLI:

• CLI commands to configure IPv6 address in GigabitEthernet0/0 and
GigabitEthernet0/1 ports are given below:

Router#en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int Gig0/0
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:DB8:AAAA:A::1/64
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#int Gig0/1
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:DB8:AAAA:B::1/64

Router(config-if)#no shut

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Step 4: We have configured the router now change the settings of hosts in IPv6
configuration:
• First, click on PC0 and go to desktop then IP configuration.
• Now find the IPv6 configuration.
• Change the settings from static to automatic and then after a few seconds, the IPv6
address and default gateways are displayed.

• Similarly, repeat this procedure with PC1 and PC2

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Step 5: Now we have to verify the connection by pinging the IPv6 address of PC0 in
PC1.
• First, click on PC1 and go to the command prompt, and type ping <ipv6
address>
• command: ping 2001:DB8:AAAA:A:20D:BDFF:FE1A:D121

VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

VIII. Precautions
1. Handle computer system carefully
2. Note down the exact output.

IX. Additional Resources used

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X. Result (Output of the procedure)

XI. Practical Related Questions

1. How to you configure IPv6 addressing?
2. How to assign IPv6 address to PC?
3. Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6
4. Explain IPv6 Packet Format
5. List the characteristics of IPv6.
6. What is IPV6 address?
7. What is network simulator?

(Space for answers)

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XII. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 4: Configure IP static routing using relevant software.

I. Practical significance
Learn how to enable, configure, manage and delete static route in Cisco router with
practical example in packet tracer.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Configure Static Routing using relevant software.

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

Static routing is a type of network routing technique. Static routing is not a routing
protocol; instead, it is the manual configuration and selection of a network route, usually
managed by the network administrator. It is employed in scenarios where the network
parameters and environment are expected to remain constant.

Static routing is only optimal in a few situations. Network degradation, latency and
congestion are inevitable consequences of the non-flexible nature of static routing
because there is no adjustment when the primary route is unavailable.

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Routing is one of the most essential procedures in data communication. It ensures that
data travels from one network to another with optimal speed and minimal delay, and that
its integrity is maintained in the process.

Broadly, routing is performed in two different ways:

• Dynamic routing continuously updates its routing table with paths and their
cost/metric, while making optimal routing decisions based on changing
network operating environments.
• Static routing performs routing decisions with preconfigured routes in the
routing table, which can be changed manually only by administrators. Static
routes are normally implemented in those situations where the choices in route
selection are limited, or there is only a single default route available. Also,
static routing can be used if you have only few devices for route configuration
and there is no need for route change in the future.
Static routing is considered the simplest form of routing.

Steps to Configure IP static routing using Cisco Packets Tracer

Step 1: First open the Cisco packet tracer desktop and create a network topology
something like the image.

Step 2: Configuring the Routers Interfaces.

• First, we will configure First Router the FastEthernet0/0 and 0/1using CLI.
• Click on router0 and go to CLI and type the commands are given below:

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Route> en
Router#conft
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host R1
R1(config)#int fa0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#int fa0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#exit

• Now, we will configure Second Router the FastEthernet0/0 and 0/1using CLI.
• Click on router1 and go to CLI and type the commands are given below:
Route> en
Router#conft
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host R2
R2(config)#int fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.0.0.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#int fa0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#exit

• Now, we will configure Static Route on first Router R1 the using CLI.
• Click on router R1 and go to CLI and type the commands are given below:

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R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2
R1(config)#no shut

• Now, we will configure Static Route on second Router R2 the using CLI.
• Click on router R2 and go to CLI and type the commands are given below:
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.1
R1(config)#no shut

• Now, To check Static Route click on any Router and using CLItype the
commands are given below.
R2#show ip route

Step 2: Configure Host IPv4 address under Router R1.

• First, click on PC1 and go to desktop then IP configuration.

• Now find the IPv4 configuration.
• Then configure static IPv4 addressand default gateways are displayed.

• Similarly, repeat this procedure with PC2under Router R1.

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Step 3: Configure Host IPv4 address under Router R2.

• First, click on PC1 and go to desktop then IP configuration.
• Now find the IPv4 configuration.
• Then configure static IPv4 addressand default gateways are displayed.

• Similarly, repeat this procedure with Server under Router R2.

Step 5: Now we have to verify the connection by pinging the IPv4 address of
Router R1 Interface
• First, click on PC1 of Router R2 and go to the command prompt, and type ping
• command: ping 10.1.1.1

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VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of
Specification Quantity Remarks
No. Resource
Hardware Computer(i3-i5 preferable), RAM
1 Computer minimum 2 GB and onwards, HDD
System free space 1GB or More For All
Windows 7 or latest/LINUX Practical of
2 Operating system As per Batch
version 5.0 or later ACN
Size
Command Prompt (Windows),
3 Software/ Website
Cisco Packet Tracer

VIII. Precautions
1. Handle computer system carefully
2. Note down the exact output.

IX. Additional Resources used

X. Result (Output of the procedure)

XI. Practical Related Questions

1. What are the requirements to configure static routing?
2. Steps to perform static routing using GUI?
3. What is unicast routing?
4. Explain the concept of multicast address.
5. Find Static Routing Table.
(Space for answers)
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Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 5: Configure IP routing with RIP using relevant software.

I. Practical significance
Learn how to enable and configure RIP routing in Cisco router with practical example
in packet tracer. To explain RIP Routing, I will use packet.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Choose IP Routing Protocol in the given network situation.

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

Proposition 1. RIP Overview

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) uses broadcast UDP data packets to
exchange routing information. Cisco software sends routing information updates every
30 seconds, which is termed advertising. If a device does not receive an update from
another device for 180 seconds or more, the receiving device marks the routes served by
the nonupdating device as unusable. If there is still no update after 240 seconds, the
device removes all routing table entries for the nonupdatingdevice.A device that is

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running RIP can receive a default network via an update from another device that is
running RIP, or the device can source the default network using RIP. In both cases, the
default network is advertised through RIP to other RIP neighbors. Features of RIP
Routing Protocol Some of the of key features of RIP protocol are:
• It supports maximum 15 hops in a path.
• It uses hops count metric to calculate the best path from a source to a
destination network.
• It sends routing updates (entire routing table) after every 30 seconds and when
the network changes.
• It uses UDP broadcast packets to exchange routing information.
• The Administrative Distance (AD) value of the RIP protocol is 120.
• It has two versions: RIPv1 and RIPv2.
Routing Loops

If you want to configure RIP protocol on your network, you have to be familiar
with the routing loops. Sometimes routing loops create a big issue on an RIP-based
network. However, RIP protocol has some mechanisms that can be used to prevent the
routing loops and maintain the network stability. These mechanisms are:
• Split horizon: In the split horizon, route information is not sent back out
through the interface from which it was received. Thus, allowing to prevent
routing loops.
• Hop-count limit: Limiting the hop-count prevents routing loops from
continuing indefinitely.
• Poison reverse: In this mechanism, a router marks a route (that is not
accessible) as unreachable and set the hop count to 16. The router then passes
this route out to the neighbor router, and the neighbor router removes the
unreachable route from its routing table.
• Hold-down timers: When the hold-down timers are set, routers ignore the
routing update information for the set period of time.
RIP Timers
Routing protocols use timers to optimize the network performance. The following
table lists the various types of timers used by the RIP protocol to optimize the network
performance.

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Diagrams / Experimental set-up /Work Situation

RIP Configuration
To demonstrate how to configure RIP in Cisco Packet Tracer, we will use the
following network topology. If you are using a simulator, such as Cisco Packet Tracer
or GNS3, create the following topology and configure the IP addresses as mentioned in
the topology.

If you are using a simulator, such as Cisco Packet Tracer or GNS3, create the
preceding topology and configure the devices as per the values mentioned in the
following table

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For example, to configure TCP/IP addresses on Router1, execute the

following commands:
Router1(config)#interface fa0/1
Router1(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#interface S1/0
Router1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#no shut

The following figure shows the IP configuration of Router1.

Steps to Configure RIP Routing

Once you have configured the appropriate IP addresses on each device, perform the
following steps to configure RIP routing. The default version of RIP is RIPv1. In the
later section, we will also configure RIPv2 routing.

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Configure RIP in Router Using GUI:-

192.168.1.0

Configure RIP in Router Using CMD:

1. On Router1, execute the following commands to configure RIP routing.
Router1(config)#router rip
Router1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Router1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router1(config-router)#exit

2.On Router2, execute the following commands to configure RIP routing.

Router2(config)#router rip
Router2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
Router2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router2(config-router)#network 150.150.150.0
Router2(config-router)#exit
Router2(config)#

3. On Router3, execute the following commands to configure RIP routing.

Router3(config)#router rip
Router3(config-router)#network 150.150.150.0
Router3(config-if)#exit
1. Once you have configured RIP routing protocol on each router, wait for a few
seconds (let complete the convergence process), and then execute the show ip route
command on any router to show the routing information.

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Router(config)#do show ip route

1. In the following figure, you can see the routes learned by the RIP protocol on
Router3.

VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

X. Result (Output of the procedure)

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XI. Practical Related Questions

1. How do you configure RIP routing protocol?
2. What are the main problems with RIP routing protocol?
3. Describe the RIP message format?
4. Explain the RIP updating algorithm.
5. Configure RIP

(Space for answers)

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Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 6: Configure IP routing with OSPF using relevant software.

I. Practical significance
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks.
It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Configure IP routing with OSPF using CISCO Packet tracer.

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link state routing protocol. Because it is an open
standard, it is implemented by a variety of network vendors. OSPF will run on most
routers that don‟t necessarily have to be Cisco routers (unlike EIGRP which can be run
only on Cisco routers). Here are the most important features of OSPF:
 A classless routing protocol
 Supports VLSM, CIDR, manual route summarization, equal cost load balancing
 Incremental updates are supported
 Uses only one parameter as the metric – the interface cost.

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 The administrative distance of OSPF routes is, by default, 110.

 Uses multicast addresses 224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6 for routing updates.

Routers running OSPF have to establish neighbor relationships before exchanging

routes. Because OSPF is a link state routing protocol, neighbors don‟t exchange routing
tables. Instead, they exchange information about network topology. Each OSFP router
then runs SFP algorithm to calculate the best routes and adds those to the routing table.
Because each router knows the entire topology of a network, the chance for a routing
loop to occur is minimal. Each OSPF router stores routing and topology information in
three tables:
 Neighbour table – stores information about OSPF neighbours
 Topology table – stores the topology structure of a network
 Routing table – stores the best routes

VII. Diagrams / Experimental set-up /Work Situation

OSPF neighbors
OSPF routers need to establish a neighbor relationship before exchanging routing
updates. OSPF neighbors are dynamically discovered by sending Hello packets out each
OSPF-enabled interface on a router. Hello packets are sent to the multicast IP address of
224.0.0.5.
The process is explained in the following figure:

Routers R1 and R2 are directly connected. After OSFP is enabled both routers send
Hellos to each other to establish a neighbor relationship. You can verify that the
neighbor relationship has indeed been established by typing the show
ipospfneighborscommand.

In the example above, you can see that the router-id of R2 is 2.2.2.2. Each OSPF router
is assigned a router ID. A router ID is determined by using one of the following:

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1. using the router-id command under the OSPF process.

2. using the highest IP address of the router‟s loopback interfaces.
3. using the highest IP address of the router‟s physical interfaces.

The following fields in the Hello packets must be the same on both routers in order for
routers to become neighbors:
• subnet
• area id
• hello and dead interval timers
• authentication
• area stub flag
• MTU
By default, OSPF sends hello packets every 10 second on an Ethernet network (Hello
interval). A dead timer is four times the value of the hello interval, so if routers on an
Ethernet network don‟t receive at least one Hello packet from an OSFP neighbor for 40
seconds, the routers declares that neighbor to be down.

OSPF areas

OSPF uses the concept of areas. An area is a logical grouping of contiguous networks
and routers. All routers in the same area have the same topology table, but they don‟t
know about routers in the other areas. The main benefits of creating areas is that the size
of the topology and the routing table on a router is reduced, less time is required to run
the SFP algorithm and routing updates are also reduced. Each area in the OSPF network
has to connect to the backbone area (area 0). All router inside an area must have the
same area ID to become OSPF neighbors. A router that has interfaces in more than one
area (area 0 and area 1, for example) is called Area Border Router (ABR). A router that
connects an OSPF network to other routing domains (EIGRP network, for example) is
called Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR).
NOTE In OSPF, manual route summarization is possible only on ABRs and

ASBRs.

Configuring OSPF 1:-

OSPF basic configuration is very simple. Just like with other routing protocols
covered so far (RIP, EIGRP) first you need to enable OSPF on a router. This is done by

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using the routerospf PROCESS-ID global configuration command. Next, you need to
define on which interfaces OSPF will run and what networks will be advertised.
Let‟s get started with some basic OSPF configuration. We will use the following
network topology:

First, we need to enable OSPF on both routers. Then we need to define what network
will be advertised into OSPF. This can be done by using the following sequence of
commands on both routers:

The network commands entered on both routers include subnets directly connected to
both routers. We can verify that the routers

To verify if the routing updated were exchanged, we can use the show ip route
command. All routes marked with the character O are OSPF routes. For example, here is
the output of the command on R1:

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Configuring OSPF 2
Although basic OSPF configuration can be very simple, OSPF provides many extra
features that can get really complex. In this example, we will configure multiarea OSPF
network and some other OSPF features. Consider the following multiarea OSPF
network:

In this example we have two OSPF areas – area 0 and area 1. As you can see from
the network topology depicted above, routers R1 and R3 are in the area 0 and area 1,
respectively. Router 2 connects to both areas, which makes him an ABR (Area Border
Router). Our goal is to advertise the subnets directly connected to R1 and R3. To do
that, the following configuration on R1 will be used:

NOTE We have used the router-id 1.1.1.1 command to manually specify the router ID
of this router. OSPF process will use that RID (router-id) when communicating with
other OSPF neighbors. Because R1 connects only to R2, we only need to establish a
neighbor relationship with R2 and advertise directly connected subnet into OSPF.
Configuration of R3 looks similar, but with one difference, namely area number. R3 is
in the area 1.

What about R2? Well, because R2 is an ABR, we need to establish neighbor

relationship with both R1 and R3. To do that, we need to specify different area ID for
each neighbor relationship, 0 for R1 and 1 for R2. We can do that using the following
sequence of commands:

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Now R2 should have neighbor relationship with both R1 and R3. We can verify that by
using the show ipospf neighbor command:

To verify if directly connected subnets are really advertised into the different area, we
can use the show ip route ospf command on both R1 and R3:

VIII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

IX. Precautions
1. Handle computer system carefully
2. Note down the exact output.
X. Additional Resources used
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XI. Result (Output of the procedure)

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XII. Practical Related Questions

1. Which algorithm is used in OSPF routing?
2. How do you configure IP routing by OSPF protocol?
3. What is the main purpose of OSPF?
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XIII. Exercise
1. What is OSPF?
2. Compare RIP and OSPF.
3. Configure Given Network by using OSPF routing protocol

(Space for answers)

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XIV. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 7: Configure User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Part-I using relevant
software.
I. Practical significance
Know the use of UDP, Configure User Datagram Protocol.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

III. Competency and Practical skills

 Create UDP Environment using simulator

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

 Implement different Transport Layer Protocols

V. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Configure User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Part-I using relevant software.

VI. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VII. Minimum Theoretical Background

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless transport-layer protocol

(Layer 4) that belongs to the Internet protocol family. UDP is basically an interface
between IP and upper-layer processes. UDP protocol ports distinguish multiple
applications running on a single device from one another.
Unlike the TCP, UDP adds no reliability, flow-control, or error-recovery functions to
IP. Because of UDP‟s simplicity, UDP headers contain fewer bytes and consume less

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network overhead than TCP. UDP is useful in situations where the reliability
mechanisms of TCP are not necessary, such as in cases where a higher-layer protocol
might provide error and flow control. UDP is the transport protocol for several well-
known application-layer protocols, including Network File System (NFS), Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Domain Name System (DNS), and Trivial File
Transfer Protocol (TFTP).

Description:
UDP is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. Using UDP, programs
on networked computers can send short messages sometimes known as datagrams
(using Datagram Sockets) to one another. UDP is sometimes called the Universal
Datagram Protocol. The protocol was designed by David P. Reed in 1980.
UDP does not guarantee reliability or ordering in the way that TCP does. Datagrams
may arrive out of order, appear duplicated, or go missing without notice. Avoiding the
overhead of checking whether every packet actually arrived makes UDP faster and more
efficient, for applications that do not need guaranteed delivery. Time-sensitive
applications often use UDP because dropped packets are preferable to delayed packets.
UDP's stateless nature is also useful for servers that answer small
queries from huge numbers of clients. Unlike TCP, UDP is compatible with packet
broadcast (sending to all on local network) and multicasting (send to all subscribers).
UDP is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
UDP is a simpler message-based connectionless protocol. In connectionless protocols,
there is no effort made to setup a dedicated end-to-end connection. Communication is
achieved by transmitting information in one direction, from source to destination
without checking to see if the destination is still there, or if it is prepared to receive the
information. With UDP messages (packets) cross the network in independent units.

Unreliable - When a message is sent, it cannot be known if it will reach its destination;
it could get lost along the way. There is no concept of acknowledgment, retransmission
and timeout.
Not ordered - If two messages are sent to the same recipient, the order in which they
arrive cannot be predicted.
Lightweight - There is no ordering of messages, no tracking connections, etc. It is a
small transport layer designed on top of IP.

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Datagrams - Packets are sent individually and are guaranteed to be whole if they arrive.
Packets have definite bounds and no split or merge into data streams may exist.
UDP packet format:

Source port - This is the source port of the packet, describing where a reply packet
should be sent. This can actually be set to zero if it doesn't apply. For example,
sometimes we don't require a reply packet, and the packet can then be set to source port
zero. In most implementations, it is set to some port number.
Destination port - The destination port of the packet. This is required for all packets, as
opposed to the source port of a packet.
Length -The length field specifies the length of the whole packet in octets, including
header and data portions. The shortest possible packet can be 8 octets long.
Length is the length in octets of this user datagram including this header and the data.
(This means the minimum value of the length is eight.)
Checksum - The checksum is the same kind of checksum as used in the TCP header,
except that it contains a different set of data. In other words, it is a one's complement of
the one's complement sum of parts of the IP header, the whole UDP header, the UDP
data and padded with zeroes at the end when necessary.
This User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is defined to make available a datagram mode of
packet-switched computer communication in the environment of an interconnected set of
computer networks. This protocol assumes that the Internet Protocol (IP) is used as the
underlying protocol. This protocol provides a procedure for application programs to send
messages to other programs with a minimum of protocol mechanism. The protocol is

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transaction oriented, and delivery and duplicate protection are not guaranteed.
Applications requiring ordered reliable delivery of streams of data should use the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

User Interface
A user interface should allow
• The creation of new receive ports,
• Receive operations on the receive ports that return the data octets and an indication of
source port and source address,
• An operation that allows a datagram to be sent, specifying the data, source and
destination ports and addresses to be sent.

VIII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

• Procedure
To configure UDP port:
Step 1. Navigate to your Control Panel menu by clicking "Start" and "Control Panel."
Step 2. Click the preference that says "System and Security."
Step 3.Click "Windows Defender Firewall" and then click the preference displayed on
the upper-left corner that says "Advance setting".
Step 3. Click the icon that says "Inbound Rules/Outbound Rules." and then click “New
Rules” Give the UDP port any name you want,and then enter it in the "Name" text bar.
This can be the name of the service using the port.
Step 4. Type the number of the port you want to enable UDP process for in the "Port
number" field. Click the "UDP" check-mark in the "Protocol" section, then click "OK"
to save the changes. You have enabled UDP process for the desired port.

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IX. Precautions
1. Handle computer system carefully
2. Note down the exact output.

X. Additional Resources used

XI. Result (Output of the procedure)

XII. Practical Related Questions

1. Which application layer protocol uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?
2. How to configure UDP protocolof any Process with screen shot?
3. What is TCP and UDP?
4. State and explain UDP features.
• Exercise
• Configure UDP port.

(Space for answers)

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XIII. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 8: Configure User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Part-II using relevant
software.
I. Practical significance
UDP Protocol (User Datagram Protocol) with tutorial, features, types of computer
Intranet, Uses of Computer Network, Hub, Software and Hardware.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Configure User Datagram Protocol (UDP) using relevant software.

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is transportation protocols which are some of the core
protocols of the Internet protocol suite. Both TCP and UDP work at the transport layer
of the TCP/IP model. TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish the reliable
connection, whereas UDP is unreliable but faster when compared to TCP. The network
device offers some of the services which use either TCP or UDP for easy management
of the device. The services can be enabled or disabled based on the requirement.
The TCP and UDP services information are shown in the TCP and UDP Service
tables of the web-based utility page of the switch. The information showed in these
tables depicts the current status of the enabled TCP and UDP services. You can use this
information to manage and troubleshoot any of the enabled services on the Router.

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VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks
No. Resource
1 Hardware Computer(i3-i5 preferable), RAM
Computer minimum 2 GB and onwards, HDD
System free space 1GB or More, Router
2 Operating system Windows 7 or latest/LINUX As per Batch For All
version 5.0 or later Size Practical of
3 Software/ Website Command Prompt (Windows), ACN
Cisco Packet Tracer

Procedure
To configure UDP port at Router:
Note:- Steps may be vary from Router to Router
Step 1.Open Google chrome or any Browser.
Step 2.Insert the IP address of router on Browser URL and Login in Router by using
Username and Password
Step 3.Click on "Security" tab and then click on "Port Filter".Inside “Security" tab.
Step 4.Enable the UDP process (TFTP) you want and insertin the "Port number" field.
Click the "LAN/WAN" and check-mark in the "Protocol" section, then click "Apply" to
save the changes. You have enabled UDP process for the desired port.

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X. Result (Output of the procedure)

XI. Practical Related Questions

1. Configure UDP protocol on Router and add every Step with Screenshot?
2. What is the user datagram format of UDP?
3. What are responsibilities of UDP?
4. State important advantages of UDP
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XII. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 9: Configure Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) using relevant

software.
I. Practical significance
TCP works with the Internet Protocol (IP), which defines how computers send. The
TCP program layer in the client computer waits until all packets.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Configure Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) using relevant softeare.

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are
transportation protocols which are some of the core protocols of the Internet protocol
suite. Both TCP and UDP work at the transport layer of the TCP/IP model. TCP uses a
three-way handshake to establish the reliable connection, whereas UDP is unreliable but
faster when compared to TCP. The network device offers some of the services which
use either TCP or UDP for easy management of the device. The services can be enabled
or disabled based on the requirement.
The TCP and UDP services information are shown in the TCP and UDP Service tables
of the web-based utility page of the switch. The information showed in these tables
depicts the current status of the enabled TCP and UDP services. You can use this
information to manage and troubleshoot any of the enabled services on the switch.

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VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

Procedure
To configure TCP port at Router:
Note:- Steps may be vary from Router to Router
Step 1.Open Google chrome or any Browser.
Step 2.Insert the IP address of router on Browser URL and Login in Router by using
Username and Password
Step 3.Click on "Security" tab and then click on "Port Filter".Inside “Security" tab.
Step 4.Enable the TCP process (TELNET,SMTP, FTP, HTTP) you want and insertin the
"Port number" field. Click the "LAN/WAN" and check-mark in the "Protocol" section,
then click "Apply" to save the changes. You have enabled UDP process for the desired
port.
Step 5.Check the Enable HTTP to enable the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
service and many services like TELNET, SMTP, FTP on your router. By default, Cisco
Small Business Switches can be configured through the web-based utility using a web
browser thus this service is checked by default.
Step 5.Check the Enable Telnet Service check box to enable the Telnet service on your
switch. Telnet is a network protocol that allows a device to be controlled by a command
line interface over the Internet or a LAN. When Telnet is enabled, an administrator can
configure the switch through the use of a Telnet client application. However, since
Telnet messages are not encrypted, it is recommended that you use SSH service.
Step 4.Check the Enable SSH Service check box to enable the Secure Shell (SSH)
service on your switch. SSH allows the administrator to configure the switch through a
command line interface (CLI) with a third party program.

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VIII. Precautions
1. Handle computer system carefully
2. Note down the exact output.

IX. Additional Resources used

X. Result (Output of the procedure)

XI. Practical Related Questions

1. Which process does TCP use to decide which application receives data?
2. Configure UDP protocol on Router and add every Step with Screenshot?
3. Applications make use of TCP in our daily life?
4. State and explain TCP services.
5. Explain relation between TCP and IP.

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(Space for answers)

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Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 11: Configure Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) using
relevant software.
I. Practical significance
It is a Client server protocol which uses UDP services. IP address is assigned from a
pool of addresses. In DHCP, the client and the Dynamic host configuration protocol
simplifies and improves the accuracy when working with DHCP, it's important to
understand all of the dynamic host configuration protocol.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Configure Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) using relevant
software.

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

A DHCP Server is a network server that automatically provides and assigns IP

addresses, default gateways and other network parameters to client devices. It relies on
the standard protocol known as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP to
respond to broadcast queries by clients.
A DHCP server automatically sends the required network parameters for clients to
properly communicate on the network. Without it, the network administrator has to

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manually set up every client that joins the network, which can be cumbersome,
especially in large networks. DHCP servers usually assign each client with a unique
dynamic IP address, which changes when the client‟s lease for that IP address has
expired.
 The Benefits of a dedicated DHCP Server

A better approach than trying to use DHCP on your router/switch is to use a

centralized DHCP server. This is particularly true for network environments that require
support of both DHCP for IPv4 and DHCP for IPv6 at the same time. Virtually all
DHCP server vendors support both protocols so you can use the same management
interface for IPv4 and IPv6. There are several benefits that make it advantageous for an
enterprise to use DHCPv6.

• Having a DHCPv6 server that is integrated into your IP Address Management

(IPAM) system for IPv6 gives visibility to the IPv6-enabled client nodes.
• You also would want this same functionality for IPv4. As IPv4 address space
becomes increasingly constrained, you will want to keep track of your DHCP
scopes and determine if your lease time is adequate with the plethora of
BYOD systems joining your networked environment.
• DHCP servers provide logging and management interfaces that aid
administrators manage their IP address scopes. Your organization will want
an accounting of what is on your network regardless of IP version being used.
• DHCP servers can provide redundancy and high availability. If one DHCP
server were to fail, the clients will preserve their current IP addresses and not
cause an interruption for the end-nodes.
• Organizations will prefer a DHCPv6 server that has been tried and tested. For
example, The Infoblox DHCPv6 server has been certified as “IPv6 Ready” by
the USGv6 certification laboratory.
• Organizations that are beginning to implement IPv6 should migrate DHCP for
IPv4 scope off the routers/switches and put them on a robust DHCP server
infrastructure. This change will also mean that your organization would want
to have DHCP operate the same for both protocols. Enterprise organizations
will want to take advantage of the centralized dual-protocol DHCP server to
provide IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to client devices.

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VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

No. Resource
1 Computer(i3-i5 preferable), RAM
Hardware minimum 2 GB and onwards,
HDD free space 1GB or More and
Router and Switches As per Batch For All
2 Operating system Windows 7 or latest/LINUX Size Practical of
version 5.0 or later ACN
3 Software/ Website Command Prompt (Windows),
Cisco Packet Tracer

VIII. Procedure
Steps to Configure and Verify DHCP Server in Cisco Packet Tracer:

Step 1: First, open the cisco packet tracer desktop and select the devices given
below:

 Now create a network topology as shown below the image.

 Use an Automatic connecting cable to connect the devices with others.

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Step 2: Configure the Server with IPv4 address and Subnet Mask according to the
Data given above.

 To assign an IP address in Server, click on Server-PT.

 Then, go to desktop and IP configuration and there you will find IPv4
configuration.
 Add IPv4 address, subnet mask, and Default Gateway.

2. Assigning IP address using the ipconfig command.

 We can also assign an IP address with the help of a command.

 Go to the command prompt of the server
 Then, type ipconfig<IPv4 address><subnet mask><default gateway>(if needed)

example: ipconfig 172.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 172.168.10.1

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Step 3: Configuring the DHCP server.

To configure the DHCP server first,
 Click on Server then, Go to services.
 Click on DHCP and turn on the services and, configure the DHCP server with
the help of the data given below.
 Delete the default values of Start IP Address and subnet Mask then
save the info.
 Create two new pools.

POOL1 and POOL2 and fill the data as shown in the images below.

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Step 4: Configuring Router with IPv4 Address and Subnet Mask.

IP Addressing Table for Router:

 To assign an IP address in router0, click on router0.

 Then, go to config and then Interfaces, and make sure to turn on the ports.
 Then, configure the IP address in FastEthernet according to IP addressing
Table.
 Fill IPv4 address and subnet mask.

Step 5: Configuring the PCs and changing the IP configuration.

 To assign an IP address in PC0, click on PC0.
 Then, go to desktop and IP configuration and there you will find IPv4
configuration.
 Change its state from static to DHCP.
 It will automatically fetch the data and configure itself.

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Repeat the same procedure with other PCs to configure them thoroughly.

IX. Precautions
1. Handle computer system carefully
2. Note down the exact output.

X. Additional Resources used

XI. Result (Output of the procedure)

XII. Practical Related Questions

1. Which port is used in dynamic host configuration protocol?
2. How to Configure Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?
3. Explain the DHCP operation.
4. What are the advantages of DHCP?

(Space for answers)

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XIII. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 12: Configure Domain Name Server (DNS) using relevant software.

I. Practical significance
The Domain Name System (DNS) is the hierarchical and decentralized naming
system used to identify computers, services, and other resources reachable.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Configure Domain Name Server (DNS) using relevant software.

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.
VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

A Domain Name System (DNS) server resolves host names into IP addresses.
Although we can access a network host using its IP address, DNS makes it easier by
allowing us use domain names which are easier to remember. For example it‟s much
easier to access Government Polytechnic Gondia website by typing
http://www.gpgondia.ac.in.com as compared to typing http://192.162.0.2In either case,
you‟ll access Government Polytechnic Gondia website, but using domain name is
obviously easier.

Now, before any host can use a DNS service, we must configure a DNS server first.
For example, when you type the URL http://www.gpgondia.ac.in.com in your browser,
the host will query the DNS server for the IP address of http://www.gpgondia.ac.in.com.

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The DNS server will resolve http://www.gpgondia.ac.in.cominto an IP address then

answer back the host with the IP address.

Now let‟s configure a DNS server in Packet Tracer.

VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

XIV. Procedure
Steps to Configure and Verify DNS Server in Cisco Packet Tracer:

Step 1: First, open the cisco packet tracer desktop and select the devices given
below and Build the network topology.

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Step 2: Now, Configure static IP addresses on the PCs and the server

 Configure server –Click on server—go to desktop—go to IP address. Give

IP as 192.168.0.2 and DNS 192.168.0.2
Server IP Configuration

PC IP Configuration

Repeat the same procedure with Different IP on other PCs to configure them
thoroughly.

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Step 3: Now, Configure DNS on server and Click on ―ADD‖ Button then enable
DNS service button.

Step 4: Now, Click on PC --> click on web browser enters URL

www.gpgondia.ac.in.comor enter 192.168.0.2 and click GO.

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VIII. Precautions
1. Handle computer system carefully
2. Note down the exact output.

IX. Additional Resources used

X. Result (Output of the procedure)

XI. Practical Related Questions

1. What is the main purpose of Domain Name System in setting a server?
2. How to configure DNS with Router?
3. Draw and explain the structure of www.

(Space for answers)

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XII. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 13: a. Configure File Transfer Protocol (FTP) using relevant
software.
b. Configure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) using
relevant software.
I. Practical significance
Know the use of FTP, Create FTP Environment,Know the use of HTTP,
Create HTTP Environment
II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)
 Basic Knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the broad computer engineering problem.
 Discipline Knowledge: Apply computer engineering discipline – specific
knowledge to solve core computer engineering related problems
 Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve broad based computer engineering problems.
 Engineering tools: Apply relevant computer technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.
 Individual and team work: Function effectively as a loader and team member
in diverse and multidisciplinary teams.
 Communication: communicate effectively in oral and written form.
 Life-long learning: engage in independent and life-long learning activities in the
context of technological changes in the computer engineering field and allied
industry.
III. Relevant Course Outcome(s)
 Configure various Application Layer Protocols

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Configure File Transfer Protocol (FTP) using relevant software.
b) Configure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) using relevant software

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

a. File Transfer Protocol (FTP):-

Users can upload, download, rename, or delete files on an FTP server using an FTP
client. This kind of program establishes the TCP connection to the port of a server; this
allows data exchange to be controlled with the help of commands. Many internet
browsers have an integrated client, but dedicated FTP programs for Windows, macOS,
and other operating systems make transferring data with FTP a more manageable task.

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 How file transfer works with the file transfer protocol:-

In order to reach an FTP server, a connection through an FTP client first needs to be
established. This FTP client creates a TCP connection to the control port of the server
(normally port 21) and is then able to send commands that the server subsequently
answers. Following this, the data is transferred through another port. At this point, it‟s
important to differentiate between two different types of transfer modes. In active mode,
the client, which uses port 1023, signals its IP address through port 21 during
connection buildup. This process informs the server which port the client can be reached
on. In passive mode, the server does not receive an IP address from the client (due to a
firewall, for example) and offers the client a port through which a connection can be
established.
Those using web-hosting solutions with FTP accounts profit from the quick and easy
data transmission between the device and the web server. FTP software further assists
these solutions by providing a sleek user interface that browser-based clients lack. FTP
programs let the user sort and manage files into the existing directory structure with
speed and ease. Administrators control the access rights of users who are able to
simultaneously access the FTP server.
There are many FTP programs currently available on the market. Their use as well as
many of their functions can also vary quite strongly from one another. Some are free,
while others are fee based. Their operating systems differ as well: Windows,macOS, or
Linux are all available. We‟ve laid out five programs for you.

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b. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP):-

An HTTP server is a computer (software) program (or even a software
component included in another program) that plays the role of a server in a client–
server model by implementing the server part of the HTTP network protocol.
An HTTP server waits for the incoming client requests (sent by user agents like
browsers, web crawlers, etc.) and for each request it answers by replying with
requested information, including the sending of the requested web resource, or with
an HTTP error message
An HTTP server may also have bindings to manage protocol extensions to
HTTP or messages of other protocols enveloped into HTTP messages in order to
allow program-to-program communications.
Implementations of an HTTP server may vary in complexity, from a
manageable tiny component to a full featured program implementation of HTTP and
other protocols, which maybe can run in background, as one or more processes, etc.
An HTTP server can be found in any kind of computer, including embedded
systems and super computers, also because it is a required component to run web
interfaces (web applications), etc. The difference between the term web server and the
term HTTP server is very subtle because the two terms are almost synonyms.
The first term (web server) somehow predates the second one and it refers to
the purpose of serving web content in the context of a World Wide Web environment
which is oriented to the interaction with human beings. That term may refer not only
to the HTTP server software component but also to the whole system (hardware and
software) required to run a website.

VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

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VIII. Procedure
a. Configure File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Step 1.Build the network topology

Step 2.Configure static IP addresses on the Laptop and the server.

Laptop: IP address: 192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Server: IP address: 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Step 3.Now try using an FTP client built in the Laptop to send files to an FTP
server configured in the Server.

From the Laptop‟s command prompt, FTP the server using the server IP address
by typing:
ftp 192.168.1.2

Provide the username (cisco) and password (cisco) [which are the defaults] for
ftp login.

You are now in the FTP prompt.

PC0 has an FTP client which can be used to read, write, delete and rename
files present in the FTP server.
The FTP server can be used to read and write configuration files as well as
IOS images. Additionally, the FTP server also supports file operations such
rename, delete and listing directory.

Step 4.Create a file in the Laptop then upload it to the server using FTP.

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To do this, open the Text Editor in the Laptop, create a file and give it your
name of choice.
Type any text in the editor then save your file. e.g. myFile.txt.

Step 5.Now upload the file from the Laptop to the server using FTP. (An FTP
connection has to be started first. But this is what we‟ve done in step 3)

Step 6.Once file upload is successful, go to the Server FTP directory to verify if
the file sent has been received. To do this, go to Server-> Services->FTP. Here
look for MyFile.txt sent from the laptop.
Step 7.To check other FTP commands supported by the FTP client running on
the Laptop (or PC), you can use a question mark (?) on the Laptop‟s command
prompt as shown below:

You can see the put command that we used to upload our file to the FTP
server. Other commands listed include:
get-used to get(download) a file from the server.
For example: get MyFile.txt
delete– to delete a file in the FTP directory with the server
For example: delete MyFile.txt
Rename– used to Rename a file
cd – used to change directory.
b. Configure Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Step 1.We can open an HTTP directory in the server by typing: cd /http. This
will change the current directory from FTP directory to HTTP directory

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Once the http directory is open, you can upload a file to the HTTP server.
You‟re now uploading a file to an HTTP folder (directory) using FTP.

For example: put MyFile.txt

To see this working, let‟s open an HTTP directory and upload (put) a file to it
using FTP:

You can now check up in the HTTP directory in the server and verify that the
file uploaded from the Laptop (MyFile.txt) is well received:

Step 2.We‟ll create an html file in our Laptop, upload it to HTTP server
directory using FTP, and then try to access the file from the Laptop‟s browser.
On the Laptop, open the text editor, then type some markup(html) and save the
file with the extension .html. See all this below:

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Now upload the file (File2.html) to the HTTP server using FTP.
If you‟re already in the HTTP directory, you just need to type: put File2.html. If
no, first ftp theserver (ftp 192.168.1.2), provide the login username (cisco) and
password (cisco); change the current directory to HTTP (cd /http), and finally
upload the html file onto the HTTP directory (put File2.html)

Step 3.Check whether the html file uploaded has been received in the HTTP
directory:
Go to Server->Services-> HTTP.
Then look up for the file in the File Manager.
Now edit index.html file in the HTTP directory so as to include a link to File2
that we‟ve just uploaded. This will make File2 accessible from the Laptop‟s
browser. To do this, locate index.html then click edit. Proceed to edit it as shown
below. Then save and accept overwrite.

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Step 4.
Finally, try to access the newly uploaded file from the Laptop‟s browser.
So go to the Laptop‟s browser and access the server using the server‟s IP
address. By doing this, the browser is making an http request to the server. The
server will respond to the Laptop with the index.html file containing a link to
File2 which we‟ve uploaded from the Laptop using FTP.

Click File2 link to view the contents of the file in the browser.

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XI. Result (Output of the procedure)

XII. Practical Related Questions

1. Which protocol is used to transfer files to and from an FTP server?
2. What is the purpose ofFile Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
3. Write a note on HTTP messages.
4. Explain the non-persistent and persistent connections in HTTP.
5. Explain the communication in FTP.

(Space for answers)

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Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 14: a. Use Telnet to login a remote machine.

b. Connect remote machine using Secure Shell (SSH).
I. Practical significance
a. Student should be able to study how to login remote machine using Telnet
b. Student should be able to study how to connect remote machine using Secure
Shell(SSH)
II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)
 Basic Knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the broad computer engineering problem.
 Discipline Knowledge: Apply computer engineering discipline – specific
knowledge to solve core computer engineering related problems
 Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve broad based computer engineering problems.
 Engineering tools: Apply relevant computer technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.
 Individual and team work: Function effectively as a loader and team member
in diverse and multidisciplinary teams.
 Communication: communicate effectively in oral and written form.
 Life-long learning: engage in independent and life-long learning activities in the
context of technological changes in the computer engineering field and allied
industry.
III. Relevant Course Outcome(s)
 Configure various Application Layer Protocols

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Use Telnet to login a remote machine.
b) Connect remote machine using Secure Shell (SSH).

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

a. Telnet
Telnet is an application layer protocol that allows a network administrator to access
and manage remote devices. A user on a client machine can use software (also known as
a Telnet client) to access a command-line interface of another, remote machine that is
running a Telnet server program.

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A network administrator can access the device by telnetting to the IP address

or hostname of a remote device. The network administrator will then be presented with a
virtual terminal that can interact with the remote host.
Telnet is a network protocol that allows a user to communicate with a remote device.
It is a virtual terminal protocol used mostly by network administrators to remotely access
and manages devices. Administrator can access the device by telnetting to the IP address
or hostname of a remote device.
To use telnet, you must have a software (Telnet client) installed. On a remote device,
a Telnet server must be installed and running. Telnet uses the TCP port 23 by default.
One of the greatest disadvantages of this protocol is that all data, including usernames and
passwords, is sent in clear text, which is a potential security risk. This is the main reason
why Telnet is rarely used today and is being replaced by a much secure protocol called
SSH.

b. SSH
Secure Shell, just like Telnet, enables a user to access a remote device and
manage it remotely. However, with SSH, all data transmitted over a network (including
usernames and passwords) is encrypted and secure from eavesdropping.
SSH is a client-server protocol, with a SSH client and a SSH server. The client
machine (such as a PC) establishes a connection to a SSH server running on a remote
device (such as a router). Once the connection has been established, a network admin can
execute commands on the remote device.
Accessing machines remotely became a necessity a long time ago and we can barely
imagine how it would be if we couldn‟t control computers from remote locations. There
are many ways to establish a connection with a remote machine depending on the
operating system you are running. The two most used protocols are:
• Secure Shell (SSH) for Linux-based machines.
• Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) for Windows-based machines.
• The two protocols use the client and server applications to establish a remote
connection. These tools allow you to gain access and remotely manage other computers,
transfer files, and do virtually anything you can do while physically sitting in front of the
machine.

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VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

VIII. Procedure

a. Telnet Configuration on Router

Step 1.Build the network topology

Step 2.Configure enable password or enable secret password on the router

Router>en
Router#config term
Router(config)#enable password admin

Step 3.Configure IP addresses on the admin PC and interface fa0/0 of the router

Router
Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shut

Admin PC
IP address 10.0.0.10 Subnet mask 255.0.0.0 Default gateway 10.0.0.1

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Step 4.Configure VLAN interface on the router. This interface allows for remote
access on a switch or router via protocols such as Telnet or Secure Shell(SSH)

Router(config)#int VLAN 1
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
As you can see, we‟ve not configured the VLAN interface with an IP address.
We could do this but it unnecessary. We already have an interface fa0/0 of the router
with an IP address through which we can Telnet the router from the PC.

Step 5. Configure Telnet password on VTY lines and configure remote login.

Router(config)#
Router(config)#line vty 0 15
Router(config-line)#password cisco
Router(config-line)#login

Step 6. We can now telnet the router using the IP address of fa0/0 interface. So, in
the command prompt of the admin PC type telnet 10.0.0.1 then hit enter
key.

Step 7. Provide Telnet Password (that you set in step 5), then hit enter. Correct
password allows you access the CLI of the router.

Step 8. Now provide the enable password (that you set in step 2) to be allowed
intoprivileged executive mode of the router.

You can now do configurations on the router from the PC remotely.

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b. Configuring SSH on a router in Packet Tracer

Step 1.Build the network topology

Steps 2.Then do these basic IP configurations on the PC and the router:

Router

Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config)#exit
PC:
IP address 10.0.0.10 Subnet mask 255.0.0.0 Default gateway 10.0.0.1

Steps 3.Set Router‟s hostname

Router(config)#hostname myRouter

Steps 4.Set domain name

myRouter(config)#ip domain name admin

Both the hostname and domain name will be used in the process of generating
encryption keys.

Steps 5.Now generate encryption keys for securing the session using the
command crypto key generate rsa.
myRouter(config)#crypto key generate rsa
The name for the keys will be: myRouter.admin
Choose the size of the key modulus in the range of 360 to 2048 for your
General Purpose Keys. Choosing a key modulus greater than 512 may take
a few minutes.
How many bits in the modulus [512]: 1024
% Generating 1024 bit RSA keys, keys will be non-exportable...[OK]

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Step 6.Set an enable password.

myRouter(config)# enable password admin

Note that this password is not for use with SSH. Its only for use in accessing
the privileged executive mode of the router after you are able to access its CLI
remotely via SSH.

Step 7.Set username and password for local login.

myRouter(config)#username admin password admin

The password will have to be provided before you can access the CLI of the
router when using SSH.

Step 8.Specify the SSH version to use.

myRouter(config)#ipssh version 2

Step 9.Now connect to VTY lines of the Router and configure the SSH
protocol.

myRouter(config)#line vty 0 15
myRouter(config-line)#transport input ssh
myRouter(config-line)#login local

That‟s all for configuration. Move on to see if you can access the router
remotely from the PC.

Step 10. On the command prompt of the PC, open a SSH session to the remote
router by typing the command: ssh -l admin 10.0.0.1

admin is the username set in step 6.

Step 11. Provide the loginpassword which you set in step 7 and press enter.
You‟re now probably in the CLI of the router. Provide the enable password
(the one you set in step 6) to access the privileged executive mode.

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You can proceed and do configurations on the Router. You‟re now managing the
router remotely from the PC.

IX. Precautions
1. Handle computer system carefully
2. Note down the exact output.

X. Additional Resources used

XI. Result (Output of the procedure)

XII. Practical Related Questions

1. How does SSH and Telnet work?
2. What is remote login?
3. Configure Telnet and SSH on Switches.
4. Explain SSH and Telnet also its packet format.

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(Space for answers)

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XIII. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical No. 15: Configure SMTP and POP3 using relevant software.

I. Practical significance
Student should be able to study servers like SMTP, POP and IMAP
II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)
 Basic Knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic
engineering to solve the broad computer engineering problem.
 Discipline Knowledge: Apply computer engineering discipline – specific
knowledge to solve core computer engineering related problems
 Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the
results to solve broad based computer engineering problems.
 Engineering tools: Apply relevant computer technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.
 Individual and team work: Function effectively as a loader and team member
in diverse and multidisciplinary teams.
 Communication: communicate effectively in oral and written form.
 Life-long learning: engage in independent and life-long learning activities in the
context of technological changes in the computer engineering field and allied
industry.
III. Relevant Course Outcome(s)
 Configure various Application Protocols

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

a) Configure SMTP, POP3 and IMAP using relevant software.

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow safety practices.
2. Practice good housekeeping.
3. Work as a leader/ a team member.
4. Follow standard configuration procedures.
5. Follow ethical practices.

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

a) POP: Post Office Protocol
A communications “protocol” is just the language computers use to talk
between themselves. POP is the language used between a computer fetching email
(usually your computer, running an email program) and the computer holding your
email (usually that of your email service provider or ISP).
A “POP client” is a program fetching email. Thunderbird and Microsoft Office‟s
Outlook desktop program are two examples. A “POP server” is the server holding
your email. POP allows the user to pick up the message and download it into his own
inbox: it‟s the incoming server. The “3” indicates that we‟re all using version three of
the POP protocol.

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b) IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol

IMAP is another protocol used by email programs to access your email. IMAP is
an alternative to POP3, and works in a fundamentally different way. Those
differences make it a frequently-preferred alternative in today‟s always-connected
world.
c) SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMTP is the protocol used to send mail from one computer to another. When
you‟re using a desktop email program like Thunderbird, it‟s the protocol used
when you hit “Send” to transfer your email message from your computer to that of
your email provider. What most people don‟t realize is that it‟s also the protocol
used behind the scenes to transfer your message from server to server as it makes
its way to the server on which your recipient receives email.
VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

VIII. Precautions
1. Handle computer system carefully
2. Note down the exact output.

IX. Additional Resources used

X. Result (Output of the procedure)

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XI. Practical Related Questions

1. How do I setup a POP3 and IMAP email account?
2. How do you setup an IMAP server?
3. State the problems in SMTP.
4. Describe the operation of POP3.
5. Compare POP3 and IMAP4.

(Space for answers)

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XII. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %
Process Related (15 Mark) 60%
1. Proper Handling of Equipment. 20%
2. Identify an Use of Network Tools 20%
3. Configuration of Network. 20%
Process Related (10 Mark) 40%
4. Result 20%
3. Practical Related Questions. 10%
4. Submit Report in Time. 10%
Total (25) 100%

List of Students/Team Members

1. ………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………

Marks Dated Signature

Obtain of Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related (15) Related (10)

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Practical no. 16: Configure SNMP and MIME

Relevant Course Outcomes:

a. Implement Network Layer Protocols
e. Configure different Application Layer Protocols

Relevant Practical Outcomes:

a. Configure SNMP and MIME

1.0 Topology

2.0 Addressing Table

Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask

Router0 Fa 0/0 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

PC0 Fa 0/1 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
PC1 Fa 0/2 10.0.0.3 255.0.0.0

3.0 Objectives
Part 1: Cable the network as per the given topology.
Part 2: Assign IP address to Server and PC’s.
Part 3: Register the Router to SNMP Server community.
Part 4: Get details (such as Router name ,location, etc) from Management Information
Base (MIB) in PC.

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Part 5: Set details (such as Router name, location, etc) from Management Information Base
(MIB) in PC.

4.0 Background/Scenario
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet Standard protocol for collecting
and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that
information to change device behavior. SNMP is widely used in network management for network
monitoring. SNMP exposes management data in the form of variables on the managed systems
organized in a management information base (MIB) which describe the system status and
configuration.
In this practical, you will register the Router into SNMP server’s community and try to
retrieve and change some router parameters.

5.0 Procedure
Part 1: Cable the Network as shown in Topology
Use Copper Straight Through Cable to connect all the devices in the given topology

Part 2: Assign IP address to Server and PC

Assign appropriate IP address to Server by selecting it, go to Desktop -> IP Configuration.
Assign appropriate IP address to PC’s by selecting them, go to Desktop -> IP Configuration.

Part 3: Register the Router to SNMP Server community

You can register the Router to SNMP community by typing to below command in IOS
Command line of Server:
>enable
#configure terminal
#snmp-server community (password) ro
#snmp-server community (password) rw #exit
#write

Part 4: Get details (such as Router name ,location, etc) from Management Information Base
(MIB) in PC.
a. Select any PC, go to Desktop -> MIB Browser.
b. In the Address field, type the IP address of Router
c. Click Advanced button. Type read and write password provided before while
configuring Router with SNMP protocol and click OK.

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d. Keep expanding MIB Tree until you get System node.

e. Inside System node, you will find all the basic information about Router.
f. Click .sysName to get the name of the Router

Part 5: Set details (such as Router name, location, etc) from Management Information Base (MIB)
in PC.
a. Select the Value attribute, and select Set from the list of Operations.
b. Type a new router name in Name field of SNMP set dialog.

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The Router name will be changed as below

6.0 Resources Required

 1 Switch (2960)
 1 Router (1941)
 2 PC’s

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7.0 Outputs

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8.0 Exercise
1. MIME protocol is used at Sender end or Receiver end?
2. Why SNMP protocol is used?
3. Write the command used to register a Router to SNMP protocol.
4. SNMP protocol operates at which layer in TCP/IP protocol?
5. MIME protocol operates at which layer in TCP/IP protocol?

Space for answers

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Dated signature of
Marks Obtained
Teacher
Process Product Total
Related(30) Related(20) (50)

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ACN Practical Manual Done

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Advance Computer Network (22520)

A Laboratory Manual for

Advanced Computer Network

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Practical No. 1: Given an IP address, network mask, and subnetworkmask,

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

III. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

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Network address:-First address = (any address) AND (network mask) =

Network broadcast address:-Last address = (any address) OR [NOT (network mask)]

Total number of host bits: - 32-18(32-n) = 14 bits

a) Subnet Address of this subnet: (any address) AND (network mask)

141.14.120.77 AND 255.255.192.0 = 141.14.64.0 (Subnet Address)

141.14.120.77 OR 0.0.63.255 = 141.14.127.255 (Broadcast Address of this Subnet)

c) The range of host addresses for the subnet: 141.14.64.1 - 141.14.127.254.

d) The maximum number of subnets for this subnet mask: 4

e) Sub-networks we can create.

All 4 of the Possible /18 Sub Networks for 141.14.*.*

Network Address Usable Host Range Broadcast Address

VII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

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X. Result (Output of the procedure)

XI. Practical Related Questions

(Space for answers)

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XII. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

Marks Dated Signature

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II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

IV. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

V. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

VI. Minimum Theoretical Background

Proposition 1. Introduction to Wireshark: Wireshark tool which is used for packet

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Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets. Basically, pcap is a library of information

Proposition 2. ICMP IPv4 datagram format:

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VII. Stepwise Procedure:

Packet Capture (Packet Sniffing):-

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Download and install Wireshark on your PC.

• Diagrams / Experimental set-up /Work Situation

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To stop the capture

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Figure 4 - Wireshark Capture Options

Some of the more interesting options are:

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Saving Packet Captures

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VIII. Additional Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

X. Additional Resources used

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XI. Result (Output of the procedure)

XII. Practical Related Questions

(Space for answers)

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XIII. Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage in %

List of Students/Team Members

Marks Dated Signature

All 4 of the Possible /18 Sub Networks for 141.14..