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7 views9 Physics unit 2
9 physics unit 2 solution
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PHYSICS FOR 9" CLASS (UNIT # 2)
ISHORT QUESTIONS|
[Important] Question: Differentiate between followings:
Rest and Motion:
* A body is said to be at rest, if it does not change its position with respect to its
surroundings.
+ A body is said to be in motion, if it changes its position with respect to its
surroundings.
Circular Motion and Rotatory Motion:
* Any turning as if on an axis is rotatory motion.
* Any rotatory motion where the radius of gyration length and axis‘of rotation are
fixed is circular motion.
+ So the main difference is that there is no fixed axis and radius’restriction for
rotatory motion, but there is for circular motion.
‘Scalars and Vectors:
* A scalar quantity is described completely by its magnitude only. For example
mass, length, time, speed, vclume, work, energy, density, power, electric charge,
pressure, area, temperature etc.
* A vector quantity is descrbed completely by magnitude and direction. For
example velocity, displacement, force, momentum, tcrque, weight, electric
potential etc.
Distance and Displacement:
Distance isplacement
‘* Length of a path between two points is|* Displacement is the shortest distance
called the distance between those} between two points which has
points. magnitude and direction.
Distance is a scalar quantity * Displacement is a vector quantity.
Distance is denoted by “S” and’S = vt. |~ Displace is denoted by “d” and d = vt
Its unit is metre (m) + Its unit is metre (m)
Speed and Velocity;
‘Speed Velocity
The distance covered\an object in unit| The rate of displacement of a body is
time is called its speed called its velocity.
Distance covered Displacement
Speed =) = Velocity = -
Time taken Time taken
Distance’ = — speed x time v d/t
s = vt d = yt
‘Speed is scalar quantity Velocity is vector quantity
its SI unit is meter per second (ms) Its SI_unit is meter per second (ms)
Linear Motion and Random Motion:
‘* Straight line motion of a body is known as linear motion. For example a car is
moving on straight and level road or aero plane flying straight in air.
* The disordered or irregular motion of an object is called random motion. For
example motion of insects and birds.
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PHYSICS FOR 9" CLASS (UNIT # 2)
[Very Important] Question: What is Gyration Length?
A length that represents the distance in a rotating system between the point about
which it is rotating and the point to or from which a transfer of energy has the
maximum effect.
Question: Define Acceleratio1
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity of a body
Change in velocity
Acceleration - “i we
Time taken
aos
The SI unit of acceleration is meter per second per second (ms
[Important] Question: Can a body moving at a constant speed have
acceleration?
Yes, when a body is moving with constant speed, the body can have acceleration if its
direction changes. For example if the body is moving along a circle with constant
speed. It will have acceleration due to the change of direction at very instant.
[Important] Question: How do riders in a Ferris wheel possess translatory
motion but not circular motion?
Riders in a Ferris wheel possess translatory motion because their motion is in a circle
without rotation. be
Question: How can vector quantities be represented graphically?
To differentiate a vector from a scalar quantity, we generally se bold letters to
represent vector quantities, such as F, a, d or a bar or arrow over their symbols such
asF, a, dor F.
Graphical representation:
A straight line is drawn with an arrow head at one end. The length of the line,
according to some suitable scale, represents the magnitude and the arrow head gives
the direction of the vector.
[Important] Question: Why vector quantities cannot be added and
subtracted like scalar quantities?
The scalar quantities obey the rules of arithmetic and ordinary algebra because scalar
quantities have no direction. Since vectors have magnitude as well as direction, so
vectors obey the special rules of vector algebra therefore vectors are added by head
to tail rule. (Vector Algebra)
Suisagnt Which from following can be obtained from speed-time graph.
itial Speed, Final Speed, Distance covered in time and Acceleration of
tion.
All above factors can be obtained from speed-time graph.
>> Question: Define Kinematics.
It is the study of motion of an object without discussing the cause of motion.
>> Question: Define Surroundings.
Surroundings are the places in its neighborhood where various objects are present.
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PHYSICS FOR 9"" CLASS (UNIT # 2)
[Important] >> Question: List types of motion
i) Translatory motion (Linear, Random and Circular)
ii) Rotatory motion
iii) _ Vibratory motion
[Very Important] >> Question: Define Translatory motion and its types.
In translatory motion, body moves along a line without any rotation. The line may be
straight or curved. It has following types:
ybeienpialeratty (
Straight line motion of a body is called linear motion. For example car/moving in
straight line.
Circular Motion:
The motion of an object in a circular path is called circular motion. For example a
stone tied at one end of string and whirled.
Random Motion:
The disordered or irregular motion is called random motion. For example motion of
birds and insects.
[Important] >> Question: Define Rotatory Motion:
The spinning motion of a body about its axis is called rotary motion. For example the
top spins about its axis passing through it and thus it Beksess rotatory motion.
[Important] >> Question: Define Vibratory
To and fro motion of a body about its mean position is called vibratory motion, For
example motion of a baby in swing.
>> Question: Mention type of moti
lowings.
‘A ball moving vertically upward Linear motion
A child moving down a slide Linear motion.
Movement of a player in a footballground | Random motion
The flight of a butterfly Random motion
‘An athlete running in a circular track Circular motion
The motion of a wheel Circular motion
The motion of a cradle Vibratory motion
[important] >> Question: Define Position.
The term position describes the location of a place or a point with respect to some
reference point called origin.
>> Question: Which is fastest animal on the earth?
Falcon can fly ata speed of 200 kmh’. While Cheetah can run at a speed of 70kmh*
[Very Important] >> Question: What is LIDAR gun?
A LIDAR gun is light detection and ranging speed gun. It uses the time taken by laser
Pulse)to make a series of measurements of a vehicle’s distance from the gun. The
dataiis then used to calculate the vehicle’s speed.
[Very Important] >> Question: Define Uniform, Variable and Average Speed.
* A body has uniform speed if it covered equal distances in equal intervals of
time however short the interval may be.
* If a body covers unequal distances in equal interval of time, however small the
intervals may be, the speed of the body is said to be variable.
* The ratio between distance and total time taken is known as average speed.
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PHYSICS FOR 9" CLASS (UNIT # 2)
Important] >> Question: Define Uniform Velocity, Variable Velocity
and Average Velocity?
+ A body has uniform velocity if it covers equal displacement in equal intervals
of time however short the interval may be.
+ If speed or direction changes with time then the velocity is said to be variable,
+ The ratio between displacement and time is known as average velocity.
[Very Important] >> Question: Define Uniform Acceleration,
Acceleration and Positive & Negative Acceleration.
+ A body has uniform acceleration if it has equal changes in velocity in equal
intervals of time however short the interval may be.
+ A body has variable acceleration if it has not equal changes in’velocity in
‘equal intervals of time however short the interval may be,
+ Acceleration of a body is positive when its velocity is increasing and negative
when its velocity is decreasing. Y
[Important] >> Question: Define Graph, Variables, Independent quantity
and dependent quantity.
+ Graph is a pictorial way cf presenting information about the relation between
various quantities.
« The quantities between which a graph is plotted/aré called variables.
+ One of the quantities is called independent quantity.
+ The value of which varies with the independent quantity is called the
dependent quantity.
>> Question: What is the purpose of distance time graph?
It is useful to represent the motion of objects using graphs.
>> Question: Define Gravitati ration.
The acceleration of freely falling» bodies is called gravitational acceleration. It is
denoted by g. Its value is approxanately 10ms*.
[Very Important] >> Write equation of motion under gravity.
i) Vi+at ii) 4 h=Vit + Yt? iii) gh = Ve - Vv
LONG QUESTIONS|
[Very Important] >> Question: Derive the First Equation of Motion?
Let a car is moving with initial velocity (v,). After time (t) its velocity becomes (v;). AS
the car is moving with uniform acceleration therefore its acceleration (a) will be equal
to the average acceleration (a,.).
Change in Velocity
Total Time
Ven
es, pers,
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PHYSICS FOR 9™ CLASS (UNIT # 2)
at + Vi
oR
time graph for the motion of a body is shown in figure. Slope ot line
‘AB gives the acceleration a of a
a
‘AB BD—
slope of ine AB = a = 5 =
[Very 1 >> jerive the Second Equation of Motion?
A body is moving with initi locity (Vi) and after time (t) its velocity becomes (Vs).
Then to calculate the total distance (S) covered in time (t):
Distance = cevehicty x Time
s - - i)
2
%
And we know that V> = Vi + at
So,
VitVi tat
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2
Second Method:
In speed-time graph shown in figure, the total distance S Nd
body is equal to the total area OABD under the graph. That is .
‘Total distance S = area of (rectangle OACD + triangle ABC)
Area ct rectangleOACD = 0A x OD
‘Asea ot triangle ABC
S = Ve +it xat
sen tect ed
[Very Important] >> Derive the Third Equation of Motion?
A body is moving with initial velocity (v;) and after time (t) its velocity becomes (vs)
then distance covers is given by
ae -
“putting sata rE equation (i)
M+ vo (Ve- VD)
s = = x S
2
20s = M+) x Wr WD
2as = ve - vi
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PHYSICS FOR 9™ CLASS (UNIT # 2)
Second Method:
In speed-time graph shown in figure, the total distance S travelled by the
body is given by the total area OABD under the graph.
Total area OABD = S= “4+? x op
or 25 = (OA + BD) x OD
Muttiply both sides by"<.we get: (= Zo =a)
2s x= = (0A + BD) x OD x=
28 x5 = (0A +BD)xBC ..... (i)
Putting the values in the above equation (i), we get
2s xa=(V, + H))x (WM)
2as =Vj? - Vv?
PROBLEMS
2.1 A train moves with a uniform velocity of 36 kmh’ for 10 s. Find the
distance travelled by it. (00m)
Solution: Velocity =)y ~Gakmh" = 2 10ms
Time t =108
Distance $= 7
S=vt
Sim 10 ¥ 10 = 190m
2.2 A train starts from rest. It moves through 1 km in 100 s with
eniform acceleration. What will be its speed at the end of 100 s.
(20 ms")
Solution; ~ initial velocity v,= 0 ms"
Distance S = tkm = 1000 m
Time t = 100
Final velocity w= 7
Savtstar
1000 = 0 x 100+} x a x (100)? ‘
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PHYSICS FOR 9™ CLASS (UNIT # 2)
Maryam Key Series Physics 9* (PTB)
1000 = + x 10000a 9
1000 = 5000a anv
a= 120 so.2ms? ~\
Now using 1" equation of motion %
weytat \ i
w=0+0.2x 100 /
w= 20ms" °
23 Acar has a velocity of 10 ms", It accelerates at 0.2 ms” for half
minute. Find the distance travelled during this time final
velocity of the car. (390 m, 16 ms"
Solution: Initial velocity = v,= 10ms" cy
Acceleration a = 0.2ms* av
Time t= 0.5min. = 05x 60= 305 AY
(Distance S =? c.>
(li) Final velocity w= 7 < _
S=vit+ iat? F 4
$= 10% 30+2% 02x (30) \
aa »
S=300+3x 5x 900 4 C v
\)
(ii) Using 1 equation of motion
2.4 A tennis ball vertically upward with a velocity of 30 ms*. It
ae the highest point. Calculate the maximum height
reached by the ball. How long it wil take to return to
5 (45m, 6s)
Solution: velocity = v, = 30 ms”
‘\ tion due to gravity g = -10 ms*
| Time to reach maximum height = t= 38
Final velocity = v= 0 ms*
» © Maximum height attained by the bal S =?
©) Gi) Time taken to return to ground t = ?
as S=vit+ gf
$= 30% 3+! x (-10) x (37
~ =90-2%10x9
= 90-45
S=45m
‘Total time = Time to reach maximum height + Time to retum to the ground
=3s+3s=6s
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Websit
PHYSICS FOR 9™ CLASS (UNIT # 2)
xe = Physics 9° (PTR
(a — Peps 9 (7t)
2.5 A car moves with uniform velocity of 42 ms” for 5 s. Tt comes to \
rest in the next 10 s with uniform deceier:
Find (i) deceleration (Gi) total distance travelled by the car \)
(-4 ms“, 400 m) .
Solution: intial velocity = v » 40 ms
Time =t=5s VV
Time t= 105 ,
(@— Deceteration a = 7
(i) Total distance $ = > a”
from rest with an acceleration of 0.5 ms”. Find its
kmh’, when it has moved through 100 m. (36 Kents
Initial velocity v, = 0 ms”
Acceleration a = 0.5 ms?
“ ° Distance S = 100 m
tel Final
“\ meee
2x05x 100
