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Moles, Mass And Mr

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29 views8 pages

Moles, Mass And Mr

Uploaded by

Yohanna Silalahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Linking Moles, Mass & Mr (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Chemistry)

The mole & the Avogadro Constant


Extended tier only
 Chemical amounts are measured in moles
 The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance
 One mole of a substance contains the same number of the stated particles
o This can be atoms, molecules or ions
 One mole contains 6.02 x 1023 particles; this number is known as the Avogadro Constant
 For example:
o One mole of sodium (Na) contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms of sodium
o One mole of hydrogen (H2) contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules of hydrogen
o One mole of sodium chloride (NaCl) contains 6.02 x 1023 formula units of sodium chloride
 The mass of 1 mole of a substance is known as the molar mass
o For an element, it is the same as the relative atomic mass written in grams
o For a compound, it is the same as the relative molecular or formula mass in grams

The mole & volume of gas


Extended tier only
Molar volumes of gas
 Avogadro’s Law states that at the same temperature and pressure, equal amounts of gases occupy
the same volume of space
o e.g. 1 mole of hydrogen gas occupies the same volume as 1 mole of methane gas
 At room temperature and pressure, the volume occupied by one mole of any gas was found to
be 24 dm3 or 24,000 cm3
o This is known as the molar gas volume at RTP
o RTP stands for “room temperature and pressure” and the conditions are 20 ºC and 1
atmosphere (atm)
 From the molar gas volume, the following formula triangles can be derived:
Molar gas volume (dm3) formula triangle

This shows the relationship between moles of gas, volume in dm3 and the molar volume
 If the volume is given in cm3 instead of dm3, then divide by 24,000 instead of 24:
Molar gas volume (cm3) formula triangle
This shows the relationship between moles of gas, volume in cm3 and the molar volume
 The formula can be used to calculate the number of moles of gases from a given volume or vice versa
o Simply cover the one you want and the triangle tells you what to do
 For example, to find the volume of a gas:
o Volume = Moles x Molar Volume
Examples of Converting Moles to Volume Table
Gas Amount (moles) Volume
(3 x 24) = 72 dm3
Hydrogen 3
(3 x 24000) = 72000 cm3
(0.25 x 24) = 6 dm3
Carbon dioxide 0.25
(0.25 x 24000) = 6000 cm3
(5.4 x 24) = 129.6 dm3
Oxygen 5.4
(5.4 x 24000) = 129600 cm3
(0.02 x 24) = 0.48 dm3
Ammonia 0.02
(0.02 x 24000) = 480 cm3
 For example, to find the number of moles of a gas:
o Moles = Volume ÷ Molar Volume
Examples of Converting Volume to Moles Table
Linking moles, mass & Mr
Extended tier only
 One mole of any element is equal to the relative atomic mass of that element in grams
 If you had 1 mole of carbon atoms in your hand, that number of carbon atoms would have a mass of 12 g
(because the Ar of carbon is 12)
o So, one mole of helium atoms has a mass of 4 g (Ar of He is 4)
o One mole of lithium has a mass of 7 g (Ar of Li is 7) and so on
 One mole of any compound is the relative molecular mass or relative formula mass in grams
 To find the mass of one mole of a compound, add up the relative atomic masses
o For example, carbon dioxide has an Mr of:
(1 x C) + (2 x O)
(1 x 12) + (2 x 16) = 44
Moles, mass and relative mass
 The number of moles of any chemical can be calculated using:

Moles =
 We can use the following formula triangle to convert between moles, mass in grams and the molar mass:

Formula triangle for moles, mass and molar mass


 Calculating the number of moles of an element uses the same equation, but with relative atomic mass
replacing M
Worked Example
What is the mass of 0.250 moles of zinc?
Answer:
 From the Periodic Table, the relative atomic mass of Zn is 65
o So, the molar mass is 65 g / mol
 The mass is calculated by moles x molar mass:
o 0.250 mol x 65 g / mol = 16.25 g
Worked Example
How many moles are in 2.64 g of sucrose, C12H22O11 (Mr = 342)?
Answer:
 The molar mass of sucrose is 342 g / mol
 The number of moles is found by mass ÷ molar mass:

o = 7.72 x 10-3 mol


Examiner Tips and Tricks
Always show your workings in calculations as its easier to check for errors and you may pick up credit if you get the
final answer wrong.
Calculating moles & masses
 Chemical amounts are measured in moles
 The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance
 One mole of any substance contains the same number of the stated particles
o This can be atoms, molecules or ions
 One mole contains 6.02 x 1023 particles
o This number is known as the Avogadro constant
 For example:
o One mole of sodium (Na) contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms of sodium
o One mole of hydrogen (H2) contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules of hydrogen
o One mole of sodium chloride (NaCl) contains 6.02 x 1023 formula units of sodium chloride
Worked Example
For magnesium chloride, MgCl2, calculate the number of:
1. Molecules in 1 mole
2. Atoms in 1 mole
3. Chloride ions in 1 mole
4. Magnesium ions in 2 moles
Answers:
1. The formula is MgCl2, so 1 mole of MgCl2 is:
 1 x 6.02 x 1023 = 6.02 x 1023 molecules
2. There are 3 atoms in MgCl2, so 1 mole of MgCl2 contains:
 3 x 6.02 x 1023 = 18.06 x 1023 atoms
3. There are 2 chloride ions in MgCl2, so 1 mole of MgCl2 contains:
 2 x 6.02 x 1023 = 12.04 x 1023 chloride ions
4. There is 1 magnesium ion in MgCl2, so 2 mole of MgCl2 contains:
 2 x (1 x 6.02 x 1023) = 12.04 x 1023 magnesium ions
Worked Example
In 15.7 g of water (Mr = 18):
1. How many molecules are there?
2. How many atoms are there?
Answers:
1. The number of molecules:
 The molar mass of water is 18 g / mol
 The number of moles is found by mass ÷ molar mass
o 15.7 g ÷ 18 g / mol = 0.872 mol
 There are 6.02 x 1023 molecules of water in 1 mole of water
 So, in 0.872 moles of water, there are:
o 6.02 x 1023 x 0.872 = 5.25 x 1023 molecules
2. The number of atoms:
 In each molecule of water, there are 3 atoms (2 hydrogen atoms, one oxygen atom)
 So, the number of atoms in 15.7 g = 3 x 5.25 x 1023 = 1.58 x 1024 atoms
Chemistry# Chemical Formulae and equations
-Name formulae by :cross over:
Try!
(a) magnesium iodide (b) aluminium bromide

- Word equations

Extended tier only


 One mole of any element is equal to the relative atomic mass of that element in grams
 If you had 1 mole of carbon atoms in your hand, that number of carbon atoms would have a mass of 12 g
(because the Ar of carbon is 12)
o So, one mole of helium atoms has a mass of 4 g (Ar of He is 4)
o One mole of lithium has a mass of 7 g (Ar of Li is 7) and so on
 One mole of any compound is the relative molecular mass or relative formula mass in grams
 To find the mass of one mole of a compound, add up the relative atomic masses
o For example, carbon dioxide has an Mr of:
(1 x C) + (2 x O)
(1 x 12) + (2 x 16) = 44

Quiz

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