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Casting testing - Import inform

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25 views55 pages

Casting testing - Import inform

Uploaded by

Sathishkumarmurugan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AUCSC May 2019

System Diagnostics
J. Block
DOT Regulations for Natural Gas Transmission
Line Title 49 CFR 192.467 External corrosion
control: Electrical isolation

–(c) Except for unprotected copper inserted in ferrous pipe,


each pipeline must be electrically isolated from metallic
casings that are a part of the underground system. However,
if isolation is not achieved because it is impractical, other
measures must be taken to minimize corrosion of the pipeline
inside the casing.

–(d) Inspection and electrical tests must be made to assure


that electrical isolation is adequate.
DOT Regulations for Hazardous Liquid Lines

Title 49 CFR 195.575

(a) electrically isolate each buried or submerged pipeline from other


metallic structures, unless you electrically interconnect and
cathodically protect the pipeline and the other structures as a single
unit.

(c) inspect and electrically test each electrical isolation to assure the
isolation is adequate.
NACE Standard SP0169 Requirements

10.4.4 effectiveness of isolating fittings, continuity bonds, and casing


isolation should be evaluated during periodic surveys. This may be
accomplished by electrical measurements.
NACE Standard SP0200 Requirements

6.2 Monitoring: One or more of the following basic electrical test methods
should be used to monitor pipelines and casings on an annual basis.

–6.2.1 Potential Survey

–6.2.2 Internal Resistance

–6.2.3 Four-Wire IR Drop

–6.2.4 Cycling Rectifier

–6.2.5 Casing Depolarization

–6.2.6 Direct Resistance Measurement

–6.2.7 Pipe/Cable Locator


CIS Survey

0.72
0.69
0.65
0.68
0.70
0.73
0.71
0.78
- 0.90
0.95
0.93
0.83
0.96

Steel pipe
- 0.95

- 0.85

- 0.75
0.68
0.50
1.47
1.67
- 0.44
0.83
0.65
0.22
0.77
0.66
0.90
0.98
0.85
0.23
0.69
0.71
0.95
0.52
0.93
0.33
0.11

Steel pipe
Coated Steel Pipe
with coating
defects
Casing Test: C = clear E = electrolytic M = metallic
Structure-to-soil readings that have similar value may indicate an electrolytic
P/S condition or metallic short between the pipe and casing. Structure-to-soil C E M
readings that have the same value may indicate a metallic short

DC current applied to one structure drives the other structure more negative,
DC Voltage
may indicate a metallic short. DC current applied to one structure drives the C E M
Shift other structure less negative or none, indicates a cleared casing

Calculated resistance to earth values that are similar may indicate an


PΩ-earth electrolytic condition. Calculated resistance to earth values that have the same C E M
& CΩ - value may indicate a metallic short
earth
Calculated resistance between pipe and casing that is ≤ to 1 Ω may indicate
an electrolytic condition or possibly a metallic short. If resistance value is ≤ the
PΩ - CΩ sum of the pipe-to-earth and casing-to-earth, this may indicate an electrolytic C E M
condition or metallic short.

Application of a signal locator between the casing and the pipeline that is
Signal greatly reduce or lost may indicate a metallic short. Application of a signal
C E M
locator between the casing and the pipeline that is maintained along the
Locator pipeline indicates a cleared crossing.

Head-Set Connecting a head-set between the casing and the pipeline will present an
audible tone. Tone indicates a voltage potential which may indicate a cleared
casing or an electrolytic condition. Lack of an audible tone may indicate a C E M
metallic short.
- .71
.76
DC current applied to one structure drives
the other structure more negative, may
indicate a metallic short. DC current
applied to one structure drives the other
structure less negative or none, indicates
a cleared casing
- 0.87
0.73
0.76

External Current Source

Temporary Ground Bed


- 0.70
0.95
0.71
Calculated structure resistance-to-
earth values that are similar may
indicate an electrolytic condition.
Calculated structure resistance- to-
earth values that have the same
value may indicate a metallic short
1.30
- 0.76
- 1.18
0.71

External
Current
Source Temporary
Ground Bed

AMPS

I On Off ∆V Ω I On Off ∆V Ω

3.01 - 1.30 - .76 .54 .18 2.96 - 1.18 - .71 .47 .16
Calculated resistance between pipe and
casing that is ≤ to 1Ω may indicate an
electrolytic condition or possibly a metallic
short. If resistance value is ≤ the sum of
the pipe-to-earth and casing-to-earth, this
may indicate an electrolytic condition or
metallic short.
-0.05
-1.59 1.12

Battery

I On Off ∆V Ω

1.12 - 1.59 - .05 1.54 1.39


-1.02
-0.05 1.28

Battery

I On Off ∆V Ω

1.28 - 1.02 - .05 0.97 .75


-0.03
-0.76 3.89

Battery

I On Off ∆V Ω

3.89 - 0.76 - .03 0.73 .18


Soil Resistivity Meter

P1 P2

C1 C2
Application of a signal locator between
the casing and the pipeline. A signal that is
greatly reduced or lost, may indicate a
metallic short. Application of a signal
locator between the casing and the
pipeline that is maintained along the
pipeline indicates a cleared crossing.
700 A

600 A

500 A

400 A
700 A

600 A

500 A

400 A
Vent Line or Coating
Holiday ?
Connecting a head-set between the casing
and the pipeline will present an audible
tone. Tone indicates a voltage potential
which may indicate a cleared casing or an
electrolytic condition. Lack of an audible
tone may indicate a metallic short.
Battery
Gas Main 90 ° at top

Gas Main 90 ° at bottom


Steam Conduit 170 °

Ground Water 120 °


54” Casing

12” Casing
8” Gas Main

Support
Bracket 32” Steam
Conduit

6”
Condensate
12” Steam Line
Pipe

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