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Unit II Material (2)

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9 views

Unit II Material (2)

Uploaded by

VIVEK YADAV
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit II Material Balance for Non-reactive systems and reactive systems


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Drying:
Drying a solid means the removal of a relatively small amount of water or other liquid
from the solid material to reduce the content of residual liquid to an acceptably low value.
Drying is usually the final step in a series of operations, and the product from a dryer is
often ready for final packaging.
The moisture content of a solid is expressed in terms of wet basis or dry basis.
Moisture content, wet basis: This is expressed as the mass of moisture /mass of wet solid
Moisture content, dry basis: This is expressed as the mass of moisture /mass of dry solid

Crystallization:
The dispersion of a solid into a liquid is termed dissolution. The reverse process is known
as crystallization. Crystallization is a unit operation in which the dissolved solids of the
solution are separated out by the solubility differences at different temperatures and or
concentrations of the solutions. The concentration of a solute in a saturated solution is
termed the solubility of the solute in the solvent. Solubility depends on the nature of the
solute, the nature of the solvent, and the existing temperature.
Percentage saturation:
It is defined as the percentage ratio of the existing weight of solute per unit weight of
solvent to the weight of solute that will exist per unit weight of solvent if the solution is
saturated at the existing temperature.
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Crystallization may be brought about in three different ways:


(1) The composition of the solution may be changed by the removal of pure solvent as
by evaporation.
(2) By cooling the solution to lower the solubility.
(3) Crystallization may be produced by a change in the nature of the system by adding
a third component.
The percentage yield of a crystallization process is the percentage that the yield of
crystallized solute forms of the total quantity of solute originally present.
Yield = (mass of solute in crystal/ mass of solute in feed) x 100
Extraction:
The separation of a soluble component from a liquid solution by using a suitable liquid
solvent is known as extraction. The solvent rich phase is known as the extract phase
and the residual liquid feed solution is known as the raffinate phase.
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Yield of C = moles of C produced / moles of A fed or consumed

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