Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

Objectives
Part 1: Gather PDU Information for a Local Network Communication
Part 2: Gather PDU Information for a Remote Network Communication

Background
If you are interested in a career in network administration or network security, it is important to understand
normal network communication processes. In this Packet Tracer activity, you will inspect Ethernet frames and
IP packets at different points in the network as they travel from source to destination. You will focus on the
way that the MAC and IP addresses change depending on the destination (local or remote) and the place
where the PDUs are captured.
Packet Tracer has a simulation mode which will enable you to investigate details about how PDUs travel on
networks. It enables you to check the Layer 2 MAC addressing and Layer 3 IPv4 addressing of the PDUs at
different locations in the network as the PDUs flow from source to destination.
This activity is optimized for viewing PDUs as they travel on local and remote networks. You will gather PDU
information in PT simulation mode and answer a series of questions about the data you collect. No device
configuration is required.

Name: Seifulla Tileukhan

Group: SE-2210

Instructions

Part 1: Gather PDU Information for a Local Network Communication

In this part, you will study how a device on a local network does not need a default gateway to communicate
with another device on the same local network.
Note: Review the Reflection Questions in Part 3 before proceeding with this part. It will give you an idea of the
type of information you will need to gather.Click host 172.16.31.3 and open the Command Prompt.
a. Enter the ping 172.16.31.2 command. This command will issue a series of ICMP echo request packets to
the destination. If the packets reach the destination, it will send echo-reply messages pack to the source
of the ping requests.

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Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

b. Click the Simulation mode button to switch to simulation mode. Repeat the ping 172.16.31.2 command.
An envelope icon that represents a PDU appears next to 172.16.31.3.

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Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

c. Click the PDU and locate the following information in both the OSI Model and Outbound PDU Details
tabs. The Outbound PDU Details tab shows simplified packet and frame headers for the PDU. You should
observe the following details regarding addressing for the PDU.
 At Device: 172.16.31.3
 Source MAC Address: 0060.7036.2849
 Destination MAC Address: 000C:85CC:1DA7
 Source IP Address: 172.16.31.3
 Destination IP Address: 172.16.31.2

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Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

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Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

d. Click Capture / Forward (the right arrow followed by a vertical bar) and the PDU moves to the next step in
its journey. Use the OSI model tab to gather the same information from Step 1d. Repeat this process until
the PDU reaches its destination. For each step on the path to delivery, record the information for each
PDU into a spreadsheet that uses a format like the table shown below. The information for the first step is
shown in the table.

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Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

Example Spreadsheet Format

At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

172.16.31.3 0060.7036.2849 000C.85CC.1DA7 172.16.31.3 172.16.31.2

Switch 2 0060.7036.2849 000C.85CC.1DA7 172.16.31.3 172.16.31.2
172.16.31.2 000C.85CC.1DA7 0060.7036.2849 172.16.31.2 172.16.31.3
Switch 2 000C.85CC.1DA7 0060.7036.2849 172.16.31.2 172.16.31.3
Blank Line, No additional information

e. You will notice that the information for the inbound PDU is unchanged.
Question:

In the PDU information window, click the tab for the outbound PDU. How does the addressing differ, and
why? Record the addressing in your table.
Type your answers here.
f. Return to Realtime mode.

Part 2: Gather PDU Information for a Remote Network Communication

To communicate with remote networks, a gateway device is necessary. The gateway device connects two or
more networks together. In this part, you will study the process that takes place when one device
communicates with another device that is on a remote network. Pay close attention to the MAC addresses
used.
Note: Move your mouse over the Router. You will see information about the addressing of the router
interfaces. Refer to these addresses as you observe the PDU flow through the router.
a. Return to the Command Prompt for 172.16.31.3.
b. Enter the ping 10.10.10.2 command. The first couple of pings may time out.

c. Switch to Simulation mode and repeat the ping 10.10.10.2 command. A PDU appears next to
172.16.31.3.

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Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

d. Click the PDU and note the following information tab:

 At Device: 172.16.31.3
 Source MAC Address: 0060.7036.2849
 Destination MAC Address: 00D0:BA8E:741A
 Source IP Address: 172.16.31.3
 Destination IP Address: 10.10.10.2
Question:

What device and interface has the destination MAC address that is shown?
Type your answers here.
e. Click Capture / Forward (the right arrow followed by a vertical bar) to move the PDU to the next device.
Gather the same information from Step 1d. Repeat this process until the PDU reaches its destination.
Record the PDU information you gathered from pinging 172.16.31.5 to 10.10.10.2 into a spreadsheet
using a format like the sample table shown below. Enter details for both the inbound and outbound PDUs
at the Router.

At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

172.16.31.3 0060.7036.2849 00D0.BA8E.741A 172.16.31.3 10.10.10.2

Switch 2 0060.7036.2849 00D0.BA8E.741A

172.16.31.3 10.10.10.2
Router 00D0.588C.2401 0060.2F84.4AB6 172.16.31.3 10.10.10.2
Switch 1 00D0.588C.2401 0060.2F84.4AB6 172.16.31.3 10.10.10.2
Access point None None None None

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Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

10.10.10.2 00D0.588C.2401 0060.2F84.4AB6 172.16.31.3 10.10.10.2

10.10.10.3 None None None None
Blank Line, No additional information

f. Repeat the process for the echo-reply message that originates from host 10.10.10.2. Complete the table
for each step.

At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

10.10.10.2 0060.2F84.4AB6 00D0.588C.2401 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3

Access Point None None None None
Switch 1 0060.2F84.4AB6 00D0.588C.2401 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3
Router 00D0.BA8E.741A 0060.7036.2849 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3
Switch 2 00D0.BA8E.741A 0060.7036.2849 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3
172.16.31.3 00D0.BA8E.741A 0060.7036.2849 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3

Blank Line, No additional information

Reflection Questions
Answer the following questions regarding the captured data:
1. What different types of cables/media were used to connect devices?
Copper fiber and wireless cables
Type your answers here.
2. Did the cables change the handling of the PDU in any way
NO, cables didn’t change the handling
3. Did the wireless Access Point do anything to the PDUs that it received?
The Access Point did not modify the contents of the PDUs; it simply forwarded them
Type your answers here.
4. Was PDU addressing changed by the access point?
No, the Access Point did not change the PDU addressing. It maintained the original MAC and IP
addresses.
Type your answers here.
5. What was the highest OSI layer that the Access Point used?
Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)
Type your answers here.
6. At what Layer of the OSI model do cables and access points operate?
Cables operate at Layer 1 (Physical Layer), and Access Points operate at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer).
Type your answers here.

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Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

7. When examining the PDU Details tab, which MAC address appeared first, the source or the destination?
The Source MAC address
Type your answers here.
8. Sometimes PDUs were marked with red Xs while others had green check marks. What is the significance of
these markings?
Green check marks while successfuly delivered PDU, whereas red Xs indicate failed delivery or dropped
PDUs.
Type your answers here.
9. Every time that the PDU was sent between the 10 network and the 172 network, there was a point where the
MAC addresses suddenly changed. Where did that occur?
The MAC addresses were updated as the packet moved through the router connecting the 10.10.10.0/24
network to the 172.16.31.0/24 network.
Type your answers here.
10. Which device uses MAC addresses that start with 00D0:BA?
Router
Type your answers here.
11. What devices did the other MAC addresses belong to?
The PCs, switches and access points
Type your answers here.
12. Did the sending and receiving IPv4 addresses change in any of the PDUs?
No, the source and destination IPv4 addresses stayed consistent throughout the entire packet's path
Type your answers here.
13. When you follow the reply to a ping, sometimes called a pong, what happens to the source and destination
addresses?
In the ping reply (echo-reply), the source and destination addresses are reversed from those in the initial
ping request (echo-request).
Type your answers here.
14. Why do you think the interfaces of the router are part of two different IP networks?
The router interfaces are part of different IP networks because the router’s role is to connect and forward
packets between separate networks.
Type your answers here.
15. Which IP networks are connected by the router?
The router connects the 172.16.31.x network and the 10.10.10.x network
Type your answers here.
End of document

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