ap assignment 1

By: Raf ay Siddiqui

student No: 24K-0009

section: BAI-1A

date: 17.9.2024

ASSIGNMENT NO.1 (Motion 1D)

Q1
1. An automobile travels on a straight road for 40 km at 30 km/h. It then continues in the
same direction for another 40 km at 60 km/h.
1. (a) What is the average velocity of the car during the full 80 km trip? (Assume that
it moves in the positive x direction.)
2. (b) What is the average speed?
3. (c) Graph x versus t and indicate how the average velocity is found on the graph.

Ans 1
−1
d 1 = 40 km v 1 = 30 kmh

−1
d 2 = 40 km v 2 = 60 kmh

part a
average Velocity :

ΔD
V avg =
Δt

d2 − d1
V avg =
t2 − t1

for t & t :
1 2
 d
t =
v
d1
t1 =
v1

40km
t1 =
−1
30kmh

4
t1 = hrs
3

First 40km took 4/3 hours

d2
t2 =
v2

40km
t2 =
−1
60kmh

2
t2 = hrs
3

second 40km took 2/3 hours

80

40

since it is the complete average velocity of entire trip

d f = 80 d i = 0

4 2 6
tf = t1 + t2 = + = = 2 hrs t i = 0
3 3 3

df − di
V avg =
tf − ti

80 − 0
V avg =
t2 + t1 − 0

80
V avg =
4 2
+
3 3

80
V avg =
6

80
V avg =
2

V avg = 40
part b
average speed

d1 + d2
S =
t1 + t2

d 1 = 0 km d 2 = 80 km

t 1 = 0 t 2 = 2 hrs

0 + 80
S =
0 + 2

−1
S = 40 kmh

part c

Q2
An object is launched vertically upward with an initial velocity of 30 m/s. Calculate the time it
takes for the object to reach its maximum height, and then calculate the total time it spends
in the air before hitting the ground. (Assume g = 9.8 m/s²)

Ans 2
 30

t = 3.06s

Q3
The position of an object moving along an x axis is given by X = 3t − 4t + t where x is in
2 3

metres and t in seconds. Find the position of the object at the following values of t : (a) 1 s,
(b) 2 s, (c) 3 s, and (d) 4 s. (e) What is the object’s displacement between t = 0s and t = 4s
? (f) What is its average velocity for the time interval from t = 2s to t = 4s ? (g) Graph x
versus t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 4s and indicate how the answer for (f) can be found on the graph.

Ans 3
position ⇒ X

part a
t = 1

2 3
X = 3(1) − 4(1) + (1) X = 3 − 4 + 1

X = 0

part b
t = 2

2 3
X = 3(2) − 4(2) + (2) X = 6 − 16 + 8

X = −2

part c
t = 3

2 3
X = 3(3) − 4(3) + (3) X = 9 − 36 + 27

X = 0

part d
t = 4

2 3
X = 3(4) − 4(4) + (4) X = 12 − 64 + 64

X = 12

part e
t = 0
 2 3
X = 3(1) − 4(1) + (1)

X = 0

at t = 4, X = 12,

displacement = X 2 − X 1 = 12 − 0

displacement = 12

part f
d2 − d1
V avg =
t2 − t1

for, t = 2, X = −2 and t = 4, X = 12

12 − −2
V avg =
4 − 2

14
V avg =
2

V avg = 7

V avg = 7

part g
 the gradient of the blue line is the average velocity for the interval 2 ≤ t ≤ 4

Q4
In Fig : 1, particle A moves along the line y = 30 m with a constant velocity V of magnitude
3.0 m/s parallel to x -axis. At the instant particle A passes the y – axis, particle B leaves the
origin with a constant acceleration of magnitude 0.40 m/s . What angle Ө between
acceleration a and the positive direction of the y-axis would result in a collision.
Ans 4

Θ = 30°
Q5
The position vector r of a particle moving in an xy plane is given by

→
r = (200t
3
− 500t)^
4
i + (600 − 700t )^
j

With vector r in metres and t in seconds. In unit vector notation, calculate (a) vector r (b)
vector v, and (c) vector a for t = 2.00 s. (d) What is the angle between the positive direction
of the x axis and a line tangent to the particle’ s path at 2 = 2.00 s?

Ans 5
unit Vector

vector of magnitude 1
symbolized with a hat ^

→
v
v
^ =
|v|

part a
→ = x^i + y^j magnitude of vector: |a| = √x
suppose a vector: a 2
+ y2

3 2 4 2
|r| = √ (200t − 500t) + (600 − 700t )

3 ^ 4 ^
(200t − 500t)i + (600 − 700t )j
^=
r
√ (200t 3 − 500t) 2 + (600 − 700t 4 ) 2

OR

3 4
(200t − 500t) (600 − 700t )
^=
r ^
i +
√ (200t 3 − 500t) 2 + (600 − 700t 4 ) 2 √ (200t 3 − 500t) 2 + (600

part b
→
r = (200t
3
− 500t)^
i + (600 − 700t )^
4
j

dr →
→
v =
dt

dx dy
→
v = ^
i + ^
j
dt dt
 3 4
x = (200t − 500t) y = (600 − 700t )

dx 2
= 600t − 500
dt
dy 3
= −2800t
dt

→
v = (600t
2
− 500)^
3
i − (2800t )^
j

→
v
v
^ =
|v|

|v| = √ (600t 3 − 500) 2 + (2800t 3 ) 2

2 ^ 3 ^
(600t − 500)i − (2800t )j
^ =
v
√ (600t 3 − 500) 2 + (2800t 3 ) 2

OR

2 3
(600t − 500) (2800t )
^ =
v ^
i − ^
j
√ (600t 3 − 500) 2 + (2800t 3 ) 2 √ (600t 3 − 500) 2 + (2800t 3 ) 2

part c
→
v = (600t
2
− 500)^
i − (2800t )^
3
j

→
v = v x^
i − v y^
j

2 3
v x = 600t − 500 v y = 2800t

→
dv
→
a =
dt

dv x dv y
→
a = ^
i − ^
i
dt dt

d d
a = → (600t
2
− 500)^
i −
3
(2800t )^
j
dt dt

→
a = (1200t)^
i − (8400t )^
2
j

|a| = √ (1200t) 2 + (8400t 2 ) 2

(1200t)^
i − (8400t )^
2
j
a
^ =
√ (1200t) 2 + (8400t 2 ) 2

at t = 2,

(1200(2))^
i − (8400(2) )^
2
j
a
^ =
√ (1200(2)) 2 + (8400(2) 2 ) 2
 →
a =
2400
^
i −
33600
^
j
33686 33686

OR

→
a = 0.07^
i − 0.997^
j

part d
→
r = (200t
3
− 500t)^
i + (600 − 700t )^
4
j

particles path at t = 2

→
r = (200(2)
3
− 500(2))^
i + (600 − 700(2) )^
4
→
j r = 600^
i − 10600^
j

600

-10600

−10600
tan θ =
600
 −10600
−1
θ = tan ( )
600

θ = −86.8° or 273.2°

Q6
A boy whirls a stone in a horizontal circle of radius 1.5 m and at height 2.0 m above level
ground. The string breaks, and the stone flies off horizontally and strikes the ground after
travelling a horizontal distance of 10 m. What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration
of the stone during the circular motion?

Ans 6

towards the center of the circle

Q7
The acceleration of a motorcycle is given by a(t) = At − Bt , where A = 1.50m/s and
2 3

B = 0.12m/s . The motorcycle is at rest at the origin at time t = 0. (a) Find its position and
4

velocity as function of time (b) calculate the maximum velocity it attains.

Ans 7
part a
 v = ∫ adt

2
v = ∫ At − Bt dt

2 3
At Bt
v = − + C
2 3

at t = 0 motorcycle is at rest (⇒ v = 0) at origin (⇒ s = 0)

2 3
A(0) B(0)
0 = − + C C = 0
2 3

and

3 4
A = 1.50m/s B = 0.12m/s

hence,

2 3
At Bt
v = −
2 3

OR

−3 2 −4 3
3 ms ⋅ t 1 ms ⋅ t
v = −
4 25

s = ∫ vdt

2 3
At Bt
s = ∫ − dt
2 3
3 4
At Bt
s = − + C
6 12

at t = 0, motorcycle is at origin s = 0
3 4
A(0) B(0)
(0) = − + C C = 0
6 12

3 4
At Bt
s = −
6 12

OR

−3 3 −4 4
1 ms ⋅ t 1 ms ⋅ t
s = −
4 100

part b
At maximum velocity, velocity stops increasing,

dv
⇒ = 0
dt
 dv 2 2
= a a = At − Bt At − Bt = 0 t(A − Bt) = 0 t = 0, A − Bt = 0
dt

3 4
A = 1.50m/s B = 0.12m/s

3 4
1.50m/s − 0.12m/s t = 0

−
−1.50ms 3
t =
−
−0.12ms 4

t = 12.5s

t = 0,

t = 12.5s

Q8
A student throws a water balloon vertically downward from the top of a building. The balloon
leaves the thrower’s hand with a speed of 6 m/s. Air resistance may be ignored, so the water
balloon is in free fall after it leaves the thrower’s hand. (a) what is its speed after falling for
2.00 s? (b) How far does it fall in 2 s? (c) what is the magnitude of its velocity after falling 10
m?

Ans 8
v 1 = −6 (negative as it is moving downwards)

part a
v 2 =? at t = 2 a = g = −9.81

v2 − v1
a =
t
v 2 − (−6)
−9.81 =
2

2(−9.81) − 6 = v 2

v 2 = −25.62

v 2 = −25.62

part b
s =? at t = 2

1
2
s = v1 t + at
2
9.81 2
s = −6(2) − (2)
2
s = −31.62
 s = −31.62

part c
v 2 =? at s = −10
2 2
2as = v 2 − v1
2 2
2(−9.81)(−10) = v 2 − (6)

2
v 2 = √ 2(−9.81)(−10) + (6)

v 2 = ±15.2

v 2 = 15.2, −15.2

since the object is in free fall the velocity will be negative

However the magnitude will be positive

v 2 = 15.2

Q9
In a relay race, each contestant runs 25 m while carrying an egg balanced on a spoon, turns
around, and comes back to the starting point. Edith runs the first 25 m in 20 seconds. On the
return trip she is more confident and takes only 15 seconds. What is the magnitude of her
average velocity for (a) the first 25 m? (b) the return trip? (c) What is her average velocity for
the entire round trip? (d) what is her average speed for the round trip?

Ans 9
part a
d
v =
t

25
v =
20

v = 1.25

v = 1.25

part b
d
v =
t

25
v =
15

v = 1.67
 v = 1.67

part c
for the entire round trip she comes back to origin, hence here displacement is zero

v avg = 0

part d
d2 + d1
S avg =
t2 + t1

25 + 25
S avg =
20 + 15
50
S avg =
35

S avg = 1.43

Q10
Here are four descriptions of the position (in metres) of puck as it moves in an xy plane: (1)
x = −3t + 4t − 2 and y = 6t − 4t (2) x = −3t − 4t and y = −5t + 6 (3)
2 2 3 2

r = (2t )^
2
i − (4t + 3)^
j (4) r = (4t 3
− 2t)^
i + 3^
j Are the x and y acceleration components
constant? Is acceleration a constant?

Ans 10
the components change with respect to time
acceleration also changes with time
Both are NOT constant

Q11
A car is driving east at 60km/h, it then makes a turn and travels north at 50km/h. If it takes 2
sec to make the turn, what is the average acceleration of the car over this 2 second interval?

Ans 11
v1 =
60×1000

3600
= 16.7ms
−1
east v 2 =
50×1000

3600
= 13.9ms
−1
north
 13.9

16.7

2 2
Δv = √ 13.9 + 16.7 Δv = 21.7

Δv
a avg =
t

21.7
a avg = a avg = 10.86
2

a avg = 10.86

Q12
A student drives to college 15 km away from home in half an hour. After classes, he returns
home in 20 min. Find (a) the average speed on his way to college, (b) the average speed for
the round trip and (c) his average velocity for the entire trip.

Ans 12
d 1 = 15km d 2 = 15km

t 1 = 30m t 2 = 20m

part a
d1 + d2
S avg =
t1 + t2

0km + 15km
S avg =
1
0h + h
2

−1
S avg = 30 kmh
 −1
S avg = 30 kmh

part b
d1 + d2
S avg =
t1 + t2

30km
S avg =
1 1
h + h
2 3

−1
S avg = 36 kmh

−1
S avg = 36 kmh

part c
average velocity is zero as he comes back home

v avg = 0

Q13
A particle moves along the x axis. Its x coordinate varies with time according to the
expression where x is in meters and t is in seconds. The position–time graph for this motion
is shown in Figure. Note that the particle moves in the negative x direction for the first
second of motion, is at rest at the moment t=1s, and moves in the positive x direction for: a.
Determine the displacement of the particle in the time intervals t=0 to t =1s and t=1s to t=3s.
b. Calculate the average velocity during these two time intervals. c. Find the instantaneous
velocity of the particle at t=2.5 s.
Ans 13
part a
for t = 0, to t = 1

displacement = −2 − 0 displacement = −2

x = −2

part c
for t = 1, to t = 3

displacement = 3 − (−2) displacement = 5

x = 5

part b
for t = 2.5, x ≈ 2

d
v =
t
2
v =
2.5
 v = 0.8

Q14
A stone thrown from the top of a building is given an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s straight
upward. The building is 50.0 m high, and the stone just misses the edge of the roof on its
way down, as shown in Figure. Using as the time the stone leaves the thrower’s hand at
position, determine (a) the time at which the stone reaches its maximum height, (b) the
maximum height (c) the time at which the stone returns to the height from which it was
thrown

Ans 14
v 1 = 20 h = 50 a = g

part a
at max height v 2
= 0

t1 = 0

v2 − v1
a =
t2 − t1

0 − 20
−9.81 =
t2 − 0

−20
t2 =
−9.81

t 2 = 2.04

t 2 = 2.04

part b
at max height v 2
= 0

2 2
2as = v − u

2
2(−9.81)s = 0 − 20

−400
s =
2(−9.81)

200
s =
9.81

s = 20.4

max height = s + h = 20.4 + 50

max height = 70.4

part c
time it takes for an object is to reach max height is same, as time to return to the
original height from where it was thrown

t3 = t2

time from origin to back is t 3

+ t 2 = 2t 2

= 4.08

Q15
An Alaskan rescue plane drops a package of emergency rations to a stranded party of
explorers. If the plane is travelling horizontally at 40.0 m/s and is 100 m above the ground,
where does the package strike the ground relative to the point at which it was released?

Ans 15
v yi = 0 v xi = v xf = 40

s i = 100

a y = g = −9.81

time taken for object to reach ground

2
at
s = vi t +
2
2
9.81t
−100 = (0)t −
2
−200 2
= t
−9.81

200
t = √
9.81

t = 20.4s

t = 20.4s

in this same time package will travel the desired horizontal position

x = vt x = 40 × 20.4 x = 815.9

x = 815.9 m