Type of the Paper
Type of the Paper
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30 1. Introduction
31 The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and
32 highlight why it is important. It should define the purpose of the work and
33 its significance. The current state of the research field should be carefully
34 reviewed and key publications cited. Please highlight controversial and
35 diverging hypotheses when necessary. Finally, briefly mention the main aim
36 of the work and highlight the principal conclusions. As far as possible,
37 please keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your
38 particular field of research. References should be numbered in order of
39 appearance and indicated by a numeral or numerals in square brackets—
40 e.g., [1] or [2,3], or [4–6]. See the end of the document for further details on
41 references.
60 3. Results
61 This section may be divided by subheadings. It should provide a concise
62 and precise description of the experimental results, their interpretation, as
63 well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn.
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64 3.1. Subsection
65 3.1.1. Subsubsection
66 Bulleted lists look like this:
67 First bullet;
68 Second bullet;
69 Third bullet.
70 Numbered lists can be added as follows:
71 1. First item;
72 2. Second item;
73 3. Third item.
74 The text continues here.
78
79 Figure 1. This is a figure. Schemes follow the same formatting.
80 Table 1. This is a table. Tables should be placed in the main text near to the first
81 time they are cited.
(b) (a)
84 Figure 2. This is a figure. Schemes follow another format. If there are multiple
85 panels, they should be listed as: (a) Description of what is contained in the first
86 panel; (b) Description of what is contained in the second panel. Figures should be
87 placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited.
88 Table 2. This is a table. Tables should be placed in the main text near to the first
89 time they are cited.
(1) a = 1,
93 the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as regular
94 text.
95 This is example 2 of an equation:
a=b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l+m+n+o+p+q+r+s+t+u+v+w
(2)
+x+y+z
96 the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as regular
97 text.
98 Theorem-type environments (including propositions, lemmas, corollaries
99 etc.) can be formatted as follows:
105 Proof of Theorem 1. Text of the proof. Note that the phrase “of Theorem
106 1” is optional if it is clear which theorem is being referred to. Always finish a
107 proof with the following symbol. □
109 4. Discussion
110 Authors should discuss the results and how they can be interpreted from
111 the perspective of previous studies and of the working hypotheses. The
112 findings and their implications should be discussed in the broadest context
113 possible. Future research directions may also be highlighted.
114 5. Conclusions
115 This section is not mandatory but can be added to the manuscript if the
116 discussion is unusually long or complex.
117 6. Patents
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118 This section is not mandatory but may be added if there are patents
119 resulting from the work reported in this manuscript.
123 Author Contributions: For research articles with several authors, a short
124 paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following
125 statements should be used “Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.;
126 software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y. and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation,
127 X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing—original draft preparation, X.X.;
128 writing—review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project
129 administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to
130 the published version of the manuscript.” Please turn to the CRediT taxonomy for the
131 term explanation. Authorship must be limited to those who have contributed
132 substantially to the work reported.
133 Funding: Please add: “This research received no external funding” or “This research
134 was funded by NAME OF FUNDER, grant number XXX” and “The APC was funded by
135 XXX”. Check carefully that the details given are accurate and use the standard
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137 may affect your future funding.
145 Acknowledgments: In this section, you can acknowledge any support given which is
146 not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include
147 administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for
148 experiments).
149 Conflicts of Interest: Declare conflicts of interest or state “The authors declare no
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151 or interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation
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152 or interpretation of reported research results. Any role of the funders in the design of
153 the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the
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155 If there is no role, please state “The funders had no role in the design of the study; in
156 the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or
157 in the decision to publish the results”.
158 Abbreviations
159 The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:
160 Appendix A
161 Appendix A.1
162 The appendix is an optional section that can contain details and data
163 supplemental to the main text—for example, explanations of experimental
164 details that would disrupt the flow of the main text but nonetheless remain
165 crucial to understanding and reproducing the research shown; figures of
166 replicates for experiments of which representative data is shown in the main
167 text can be added here if brief, or as Supplementary data. Mathematical
168 proofs of results not central to the paper can be added as an appendix.
170 Appendix B
171 All appendix sections must be cited in the main text. In the appendices,
172 Figures, Tables, etc. should be labeled starting with “A”—e.g., Figure A1,
173 Figure A2, etc.
174 References
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175 References must be numbered in order of appearance in the text (including citations in tables and legends)
176 and listed individually at the end of the manuscript. We recommend preparing the references with a
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178 duplicated references. Include the digital object identifier (DOI) for all references where available.
179
180 Citations and references in the Supplementary Materials are permitted provided that they also appear in the
181 reference list here.
182
183 In the text, reference numbers should be placed in square brackets [ ] and placed before the punctuation; for
184 example [1], [1–3] or [1,3]. For embedded citations in the text with pagination, use both parentheses and
185 brackets to indicate the reference number and page numbers; for example [5] (p. 10), or [6] (pp. 101–105).
186
187 1. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D. Title of the article. Abbreviated Journal Name Year, Volume, page range.
188 2. Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. Title of the chapter. In Book Title, 2nd ed.; Editor 1, A., Editor 2, B., Eds.;
189 Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, 2007; Volume 3, pp. 154–196.
190 3. Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. Book Title, 3rd ed.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, 2008; pp. 154–196.
191 4. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C. Title of Unpublished Work. Abbreviated Journal Name year, phrase indicating
192 stage of publication (submitted; accepted; in press).
193 5. Author 1, A.B. (University, City, State, Country); Author 2, C. (Institute, City, State, Country). Personal
194 communication, 2012.
195 6. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D.; Author 3, E.F. Title of Presentation. In Proceedings of the Name of the
196 Conference, Location of Conference, Country, Date of Conference (Day Month Year).
197 7. Author 1, A.B. Title of Thesis. Level of Thesis, Degree-Granting University, Location of University, Date of
198 Completion.
199 8. Title of Site. Available online: URL (accessed on Day Month Year).
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