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ETN3046-Tutorial 4-Question

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8 views

ETN3046-Tutorial 4-Question

Uploaded by

istiaq8888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ETN3046: Analog and Digital Communications

Tutorial 4: Pulse Modulation and Digitization of Speech Signals


1. A message signal m (t ) = cos (10πt ) + cos (6πt ) is to be sampled. Using the Nyquist criterion,
determine the minimum sampling rate for this signal.

2. (a) Sketch the naturally sampled signal (time domain) resulting from sampling a 1 kHz
sine wave at 4 kHz rate with the pulse width τ = 50 µs.
(b) Repeat part (a) for the case of flat-top sampling.

3. The spectrum of an analogue waveform is shown in Fig. Q3. The waveform is to be sampled
at a rate of f S = 1 / TS =10 kHz with sampling pulse train s(t) of pulse width τ = 50 µs.
(a) If natural sampling is used, obtain the spectral expression and plot the spectrum of the
sampled signal.
(b) Repeat part (a) for the case of flat-top sampling.

Fig. Q3

4. Calculate the output signal-to-quantisation noise ratio of a uniform quantiser in decibels for
a full-load test tone sinusoidal signal of amplitude equal to Am Volts. The encoder output is a
sequence of 8-bit codewords.

5. The signal m(t) = 6sin(2 π t) is digitised using a 4-bit pulse code modulation (PCM) system.
The quantiser is of the midrise type, with a step size ∆ of 1 V. Sketch the resulting PCM
wave for one complete cycle of the m(t) input signal. Assume a sampling rate of four
samples per second, with samples taken at t = l/8, 3/8, 5/8, …. seconds. The bit-to-quantum-
level assignment is shown in Figure Q5.

Figure Q5
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ETN3046: Analog and Digital Communications

6. Figure Q6.1 shows a transmitted PCM signal in which the amplitude levels of +1V and –1V
are used to represent binary symbols 1 and 0, respectively of the PCM signal. Each
codeword consists of three bits. Find the quantised version of an analog signal from which
this PCM signal is derived. The bit-to-quantum-level assignment is shown in Figure Q6.2.

Figure Q6.1

Figure Q6.2

7. A PCM system uses a uniform quantiser followed by a 7-bit encoder. The bit rate of the
system is equal to 56 x 106 bits/s. An analog message signal is applied to the PCM system
input. Determine the following:
a) The bandwidth of the analog signal if the system operates at minimum sampling rate.
b) The output signal-to-quantisation noise ratio if the analog signal is a full-load
sinusoidal modulating wave of frequency 1 MHz.

8. A linear delta modulator is designed to operate on speech signals limited to 3.4 kHz. The
specifications of the modulator are as follows:

• Sampling rate = 10fNyquist, where fNyquist is the Nyquist rate for the speech signal.
• Step size Δ = 100 mV.

The modulator is tested with a 1-kHz sinusoidal signal. Determine the maximum amplitude
of this test signal required to avoid slope overload distortion.

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ETN3046: Analog and Digital Communications

9. A television signal is sampled, quantized, and binary coded to obtain a pulse code
modulation (PCM) signal. Assume the television signal has a bandwidth of 4.5 MHz and the
signal is sampled at a rate 20% above the Nyquist rate.
(i) Determine the sampling rate.
(ii) Assume that the sampled signals are quantized into 2048 levels using a uniform
quantizer. Calculate the number of binary digits required to encode each sample and
the bit rate of the binary-coded signal.

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