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3 views

KP-1_introduction

Uploaded by

zia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mass Balance

Nur Istianah, ST.,MT.,M.Eng

28/04/2017
Engineer
SI Base Units
Units
Unit
Parameter Symbol Name
Symbol
length l. metre m
mass m kilogram kg
time t second s
electric current I ampere A
thermodynamic
T kelvin K
temperature
amount of substance n mole mol
luminous intensity Iv candela cd
The name Système International d'Unités (International System of Units) with the international
abbreviation SI is a single international language of science and technology first introduced in 1960
Density
The density of food sample is defined as its mass per
unit volume and is expressed3as kg /m

Mass ( kg)
Density =
Volume ( m 3 )

Mass = Density x Volume

The density is influenced by temperature


Volumetric Flow rate Mass Flow rate
Q = Volumetric flow rate

A1 V1 Q = A1 V1 = A2 V2 m 3 /sec

o
A 2 V 2 m = mass flow rate
o
m = Density x Volume flow rate
o
m = Q Kg /sec

Equation of Continuity
Example 1. Determine volumetric and mass flow rate of
water ( density = 1000 kg /m3) , the diameter of pipe is
10 cm.

v = 20 m/s

A=
 D2 =  2
0.1 = 0.0078 m 2
4 4
3
Q = A V = 20 x 0.0078 = 0.156 m / sec

m = Q = 1000 x 0.156 = 156 kg / sec


Temperature
The Kelvin and Celsius scales are related by following function

T ( oK ) = T ( oC ) + 273.15

The Fahrenheit and Celsius scales are related by following


function
o o
T( C) = [ T ( F) – 32 ]
1.8
Pressure
Pressure is the force on an object that is spread over a
surface area. The equation for pressure is the force
divided by the area where the force is applied. Although
this measurement is straightforward when a solid is
pushing on a solid, the case of a solid pushing on a liquid
or gas requires that the fluid be confined in a container.
The force can also be created by the weight of an object.

Pressure =
F
A
Example2. How much 350 Kelvin degrees
would be in Fahrenheit degrees

Solution = 170.3 F

Example 3. How much 60 Fahrenheit


degrees would be in Kelvin degrees

Solution = 288.7 K
System

surroundings
System System

Close system Open system


Volume Volumetric flow rate
Mass Mass flow rate
Moisture Content
Moisture Content expresses the amount of
water present in a moist sample.
Two bases are widely used to express moisture content

Moisture content dry basis Moisture content wet basis

MC db MC wb
Food Sample = Food Solids + Food Liquid

Mass of product = Mass of water in food + Mass of dry solids

Mass of dry solid

Mass of water in food

Food Sample
Moisture Content , dry basis
mass of water
% Dry basis =
mass of dry solids

kg water
kg dry solids
Moisture Content , wet basis

mass of water
% Wet basis =
mass of water +mass of dry solids

mass of water
=
mass of product

kg water
kg product
MC db = MC wb
1 - MC wb

MC db MC wb
Moisture content wet basis
Moisture content dry basis

MC wb = MC db
1 + MC db
Example 3. Covert a moisture content of 85 % wet
basis to moisture content dry basis
MC wb = 0.85
MC db = MC wb
From equation
1 - MC wb

MC db = 0.85
1 - 0.85
MC db = 5.67

= 567 % db
Example 4. A food is initially at moisture content of 90 %
dry basis . Calculate the moisture content in wet basis

MC db = 0.90

MC wb = MC db
1 + MC db

MC wb = 0.90
1 + 0.90
MC wb = 0.4736

= 47.36 % wb
Example 5. The 10 kg of food sample at a moisture
contents of 75 % wet basis

mass of water
% Wet basis =
mass of water +mass of dry solids

0.75
=
1.00

10 kg of product = 7.5 kg water + 2.5 kg dry solids


10 kg of product = 7.5 kg water + 2.5 kg dry solids
at 75 % wet basis

75 % of total water 25 % of total Solids

% Dry basis = (75/25)*100 = 300%


THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION

The best person is one give something useful always

28/04/2017

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