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Assignment ETN3046: Analog and Digital Communications

Trimester 1, 2021/2022

Issued: 12 September 2021

Submission Deadline: 7 October 2021, 5.00pm

General Instructions:
1. You may choose to work individually or in a group of maximum THREE members. Attach the
reports together and clearly state all members’ names on the front cover. If you are working in a
group, only a single joint report needs to be submitted. If you have decided to work in a group,
we do not allow members to split the tasks by solving separate questions, e.g., one member
answers Question 1 and the other two members work on Question 2. All members must
contribute equally on all questions and the contributions of each individual member should be
clearly specified in the report.
2. The Assignment consists of TWO questions. Answer ALL the questions.
3. The report should be typewritten. Present your answers and figures neatly and clearly. Marks
will be deducted for sloppy and incomprehensible work.
4. Fill up and attach a cover page (as provided on Pages 4 & 5) for your report. Reports without
the cover page will not be graded.
5. The maximum length of your report is 8 pages (excluding the cover page). Ideally, your report
should be concise, straightforward, and unambiguous. It should include all the discussion needed
to address all the questions asked. Lengthy reports do not necessarily gain higher marks than
shorter ones; it is the quality and presentation of contents that count. Do not attempt to thicken
your report by rambling, which will result in mark deductions instead. A concise and well
written report is more desired compared to a lengthy report which is full of grammatical errors
and irrelevant discussions.
6. Plagiarism is strictly prohibited. Do not copy from others, as these are their hard work and efforts.
Do not allow to be copied either, as you are allowing plagiarism to take place and you will have to
bear the same consequences as those who neglect this reminder. No marks will be given to all
involved when plagiarism is detected.
7. Please follow ALL the instructions given. Failure to do so will result in mark deductions.
8. This Assignment contributes 15% of the total score for the subject.

Submission:
Submit your report before the deadline to the Google Classroom. No late submission is allowed. Any late
submissions will not be graded.

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Question 1 [5 marks]:
Figure Q1.1 shows the magnitude spectrum of the analogue signals f1 t and f2 t  , which are

applied at the inputs of the ideal low-pass filters with transfer functions 
H    rect  
and
1  
4 105
  
H    rect  
as illustrated in Figure Q1.2. The outputs y t and y t are multiplied

1   1 2
6 10 5
 
to obtain the signal yo t   y1 t  y2 t  . Assume that the maximum frequency yo t 
component of
is f y  f y  f y , where f y and f are the maximum frequency component of y1 t and y2 t  ,
y
o 1 2 1 2

respectively. The resultant signal yo t is sampled at a rate 30% higher than the Nyquist rate and

quantized using uniform quantizer with 2048 levels. The quantized samples are coded and transmitted
using 8-ary phase shift keying (8-PSK). Calculate the symbol rate.

F 1(ω) F 2(ω)

ω ω
0 2π × 105 0 3π × 105
Figure Q1.1

f1(t) y1(t)
H1(ω)
yo(t) = y1(t)y2(t)
f2(t) y2(t)
H2(ω)
Figure Q1.2
[5 marks]

Question 2 [10 marks]:

Wi-Fi, commonly referred to as the 802.11 standards, is a popular wireless networking technology,
which stands for “wireless fidelity”. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology invented by NCR
corporation/AT&T in Netherlands in 1991. By using this wireless technology, we can exchange
information between multiple devices without using cables. Wi-Fi has been developed for mobile
computing devices, such as smart-phones and laptops; it is also now extensively using for smart
home applications and consumer electronics like smart televisions.

If you have ever bought a Wi-Fi router, you may have had to sort through specs that read like
complete gibberish — like “802.11ac” or “a/b/g/n.” But going forward, the Wi-Fi Alliance — the
group that stewards the implementation of Wi-Fi — will be adopting version numbers so that it will
be easier to tell whether the router or device you are buying is on the latest version.

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So instead of the current Wi-Fi being called 802.11ac, it will be called Wi-Fi 5 because it is the fifth
version. It will probably make more sense this way, starting with the first version of Wi-Fi, 802.11b:

 Wi-Fi 1: 802.11b (1999)

 Wi-Fi 2: 802.11a (1999)
 Wi-Fi 3: 802.11g (2003)

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 Wi-Fi 4: 802.11n (2009)

 Wi-Fi 5: 802.11ac (2014)
 Wi-Fi 6: 802.11ax (2021)

Perform a literature reading and compare ANY THREE versions of Wi-Fi Technology (excluding
Wi-Fi 6). Your discussion should focus on the physical layer as much as possible. Where applicable,
your discussion may include (but not limited to):
 Brief historical overview;
 Block diagram showing the sub-components of the transmitter and receiver with brief
descriptions;
 Data encoding, modulation, and multiple access/channel allocation techniques;
 Spectrum, transmission power, range, and achievable data rate of the technology;
 Advantages, disadvantages, and constraints of the technology;
 Any other aspects that are relevant to the physical layer of Wi-Fi technology.

You will need to look at various resources (books, journal papers, websites, magazine articles, etc)
outside the lecture slides for information, and you should include a reference lists according to the
IEEE citation format (https://ieee- dataport.org/sites/default/files/analysis/27/IEEE%20Citation
%20Guidelines.pdf).
Is it important to cite in your report any figures or materials you copy from other sources. Please be
reminded that a blind copy-and-paste work without citing the original sources will receive zero
marks.

The following aspects of your report will be assessed:

 Literature review (20%)
 Quality of content (25%)
 Grammar & mechanics (20%)
 Organization (25%)
 References (10%)

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Cover Page (1/2)

Assignment ETN3046: Analog and Digital Communications

Trimester 1, Session 2021/2022 Multimedia University

Majoring
(CE/EE/LE/
No. Name of Student Student ID Contributions
ME/
OPE/NE)

1.

2.

3.

Assignment Marks
Items Max. Marks
Question 1 5
Question 2 10
Deductions
Total (/15) 15

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Cover Page (2/2)

Rubrics for Question 2
POINTS POSSIBLE
0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 Score
No background Minimal information Some information Detailed information
Literature information is given explaining given explaining given explaining
Review provided on state-of-
the-art of the topic.
state-of-the-art of the
topic.
state-of-the-art of
the topic.
state-of-the-art of
the topic.
(20%)
0-7 8-15 16-22 23-30 Score
Novelty & Proposed idea is Proposed idea is Proposed idea is Proposed idea is
Feasibility erroneous and feasible but is well- somewhat novel novel and highly
infeasible. known in the and feasible. feasible.
(30%) literature.
0-4 5-8 9-11 12-15 Score
Shows some thinking Content indicates Content indicates Content indicates
Quality of and reasoning but thinking and original thinking synthesis of ideas,
Content most ideas are
underdeveloped and
reasoning applied
with original thought
and develops
ideas with
in-depth analysis
and evidences
(15%) unoriginal. on a few ideas. sufficient and firm original thought and
evidence. support for the
topic.
0-3 4-6 7-8 9-10 Score
Spelling, punctuation, Most spelling, Essay has few Essay is free of
Grammar & and grammatical punctuation, and spelling, distracting spelling,
Mechanics errors create
distraction, making
grammar correct
allowing reader to
punctuation, and
grammatical errors
punctuation, and
grammatical errors;
(10%) reading progress though allowing reader to absent of
difficult; fragments, essay. Some errors follow ideas fragments, comma
comma splices, run- remain. clearly. Very few splices, and run-
ons evident. Errors fragments or run- ons.
are frequent. ons.
0-4 5-8 9-11 12-15 Score
Organization Writing lacks logical Writing is coherent Writing is coherent Writing shows high
organization. It shows and logically and logically degree of attention
(15%) some coherence but organized. Some organized with to logic and
ideas lack unity. points remain transitions used reasoning of points.
Serious errors. misplaced and between ideas and Unity clearly leads
stray from the topic. paragraphs to the reader to the
Transitions evident create conclusion and stirs
but not used coherence. Overall thought regarding
throughout essay. unity of ideas is the topic.
present.
0-3 4-6 7-8 9-10 Score
References Some references are References are References are References are
missing or not accurately accurately accurately
(10%) accurately documented, but documented, but a documented in the
documented. many are not in the few are not in the desired format.
desired format. desired format.
TOTAL POINTS

TOTAL (10%)