Grammar 3

Unit 4
p. 58
4A Reporting statements
‘I like acting,’ said Chris. Chris said that he likes acting.
‘I’m allergic to pets,’ explained Michael. Michael explained that he is allergic to pets.
‘I love my parents and I love yours too,’ Roy said Karen. Roy told Karen that he loves his arents and he loves
hers too.
‘I have a tuition class every Thursday,’ said Sandy. Sandy said that she has a tuition class every Thursday.
‘I work here,’ said Mr Lai. Mr Lai said that he works there.

Reporting statements without tense change

p. 59
Practice 1
1 The tourist said that Hong Kong is a nice place.
2 The scientist explained that water boils at 100oC.
3 Jenny told her classmates that her father is a teacher.
4 Miss Lo said that she doesn’t eat beef.
5 Mark and Sue told us that their school is in North Point.
6 Mr and Mrs Lee said that they own a house here.

Practice 2
1 ‘It’s hot and wet in Hong Kong,’ said Mr Leung.
Mr Leung said that it’s hot and wet in Hong Kong.
2 ‘My neighbour plays loud music every night,’ complained Miss Cheng.
Miss Cheng complained that her neighbour plays loud music every night.
3 ‘We live in this building,’ Ken and Terry told me.
Ken and Terry told me that they live in that building.
4 ‘People use alcohol to wash their hands because it kills germs,’ explained Dr Wu.
Dr Wu explained that people use alcohol to wash their hands because it kills germs.
5 ‘I don’t eat kimchi because it’s too spicy for me,’ said Alice.
Alice said that she doesn’t eat kimchi because it’s too spicy for her.

p. 060
Reporting statements with tense change
now – then / at that time
today – that day
tonight – that night
yesterday – the day before/the previous day
last night – the night before/the previous night
this week/month/year – that week/month/year
last week/month/year – the week/month/year before; the previous week/month/year
(a number of( weeks/months/years ago – (a number of) weeks/months/years before
tomorrow – the following/next day
next week/month/year – the following/next week/month/year

p. 61
Practice 3
1 Ben and Jeff said that they wanted to watch the World Cup.
2 Sherry told her friend that she had gone to a wonderful party.
3 Hannah and Queenie said that their mum was sick.
4 Mr Wong told Tina that he could help her with her homework.
5 Mr Leung said that Jason was writing a letter Jason’s aunt.
6 Mr and Mrs Chiu told us that they had just travelled to Korea.
7 Andy said that he would visit these cute pandas again!
8 Michael said that he missed his grandpa.
9 Boris said that they had a present for Aunt Ivy!

Practice 4
1 ‘We have a Maths test today,’ said the students.
The students said that they had a Maths test that day.
2 ‘I don’t want to go back to school next week,’ said Jessica.
Jessica said that she did not want to go back to school the following week.
3 ‘I may see your parents next Saturday,’ Mr Yiu told Ron.
Mr Yiu told Ron that he might see Ron’s parents the following Saturday.
4 ‘My uncle’s family is moving to France next month,’ said Ken.
Ken said that his uncle’s family was moving to France the following month.
5 ‘I tidied my room this afternoon,’ Kate told her mum.
Kate told her mum that she had tidied her room that afternoon.
6 ‘I had a guest from Italy last week,’ said Priscilla.
Priscilla said that she had had a guest from Italy the previous week.
7 ‘I’ll have a pottery class tomorrow,’ said Clara.
Clara said that she would have a pottery class the next day.

Practice 5
Albert: ‘The workshop on the software Photoshop is on next Wednesday after school in the Computer Room.
I’ve designed a promotional poster for the event.’
Albert said that the workshop on the software Photoshop (1) was on (2) the following Wednesday
after school in the Computer Room.
He also said that (3) he had designed a promotional poster for the event.

Judy: ‘I’m learning Photoshop myself. I may prepare some simple notes for the participants.
Judy said that (4) she was learning Photoshop herself.
She also said that (5) she might prepare some simple notes for the participants.

Michael: Ms Leung has a certificate in Photoshop. I can ask her to do a demonstration in the workshop!
Michael (6) said that Ms Leung had a certificate in Photoshop.
He also (7) asked her to do a demonstration in the workshop.

Practice 6
Hello Ms Siu! Sorry. I forgot where the concert hall is.
(1) The concert hall is next to the public library. Joe, where are you? (2) You’re 15 minutes late!
Sorry, Ms Siu. (3) I’m on the bus now.
Please hurry. (4) We’ll have a final rehearsal in ten minutes!
(5) The bus is running really slowly. (6) There was a traffic accident an hour ago.
(7) This isn’t an excuse. You left home late, didn’t you?
I’m sorry. (8) I didn’t set the alarm clock last night.
(9) It’s ten o’clock now. Where are you?
(10) I’m at the bus stop now. (11) I have to dash across the street.
Stop texting me and don’t run! It’s dangerous! (12) We’ll wait for you anyway.
OK!

1 Ms Siu said that the concert hall is next to the public library.
2 Ms Siu said that Joe was 15 minutes late.
3 Joe said that he was on the bus then.
4 Ms Siu said that they would have a final rehearsal in ten minutes.
5 Joe said that the bus was coming really slowly.
6 Joe also said that there had been a traffic accident an hour before.
7 Ms Siu said that that was not an excuse. She asked if he had left home late.
8 Joe explained that he had not set the alarm clock the previous night.
9 Ms Siu said that it was ten o’clock then. She also asked where he was.
10 Joe told her that he was at the bus then.
11 Joe also said that he had to dash across the street.
12 Ms Siu said that they would wait for Joe anyway.

p. 64
4B Reporting questions
Yes/No questions
Ms Harris asked, ‘Can you sing and dance?’ Ms Harris asked if I could sing and dance.
Mr James asked, ‘Have you had any performing experiences?’ Mr James asked whether I had had any
performing experiences.
Mr Waters wondered, ‘Are you singer Adele Ma’s sister? Mr Walters wondered if I was singer Adele Ma’s sister.
Ms Brown asked, ‘Do you like watching dramas?’ Ms Brown asked whether I like watching dramas.

p. 65
Practice 1
1 Is Mr Li a lawyer?
Zoe asked if Mr Li was a lawyer.
2 Are the children playing in the garden?
Zoe asked if the children were playing in the garden.
3 Will your mum cook tonight, Cara?
Zoe asked Cora if her mum would cook that night.
4 Did Jack have breakfast at home?
Zoe asked Jack if Jack had had breakfast at home.
5 Do you like swimming, Frankie?
Zoe asked Frankie if he like swimming.
6 Can you lend me your dictionary, Gary?
Zoe asked Gary if he could lend her his dictionary.
7 Do you need anything from the supermarket, John?
Zoe asked John if he needed anything from the supermarket.

Practice 2
1 ‘Am I correct?’ asked Sam.
Sam asked whether he was correct.
2 ‘Does Rachel love cooking?’ asked Betty.
Betty asked if Rachel loved cooking.
3 ‘Is Miss Johnson our school’s native English teacher?’ asked my classmate.
 My classmate asked if Miss Johnsn their school’s native English teacher.
4 Tiffany asked Louis, ‘Have you finished working on your project?’
Tiffany asked Louis if he had finished working on his project.
5 ‘May I help you?’ the guard asked the woman.
The guard asked the woman if she might help him.
6 ‘Is Amy talking on the phone now?’ asked Leo.
Leo asked if Amy was talking on the phone then.
7 Mr Smith asked, ‘Will Beatrice join the party tomorrow?’
Mr Smith asked Beatrice if she would join the party the following day.

p. 66
Reporting Wh-questions
Practice 3
1 Mr Li: What are you looking for, Phoebe?
Mr Li asked Phoebe what she was looking for.
2 Sam: When do you usually get up, Kelvin?
Sam asked Kelvin when he usually got up.
3 Joe: Anne, which bag have you chosen?
Joe asked Anne which bag she had chosen.
4 Ken: How do you go to school, Mandy?
Ken asked Mandy how she went to school.
5 Ms Leung: Kate and Peter, why did you throw away the books?
Ms Leung asked Kate and Peter why they had thrown away the books.
6 Mr Yuen: Students, when is Christmas Eve?
Mr Yuen asked the students when Christmas Eve was.

p. 67
Practice 4
1 ‘Who is singing?’ asked Janice.
Janice asked who was singing.
2 ‘Why do we need to go to school today?’ asked the children.
The children asked why they needed to go to school that day.
3 ‘Which restaurant will Tim go to next Sunday?’ asked Judy.
Judy asked which restaurant Tim would go to the following Sunday.
4 Edith asked, ‘Who fed the cats?’
Edith asked who had fed the cats.
5 ‘When is Mary’s birthday?’ asked Mrs Hui.
Mrs Hui asked when Mary’s birthday was.
6 Dad asked, ‘Which book have you read?’
Dad asked which book I had read.
7 Ada asked me, ‘Where do you live now?’
Ada asked me where I lived then.

Practice 5
Hi, May. (1) Are you interested in watching the film Sweeties?
Oh, James is texting me again! He asked (1) if I am interested in watching the film Sweeties.
What did he ask?
(2) When are you free? I’m available every day after school. (3) Do you want to have dinner together before
the film? (4) What kind of food do you prefer? Chinese food? Japanese food?
(2) He asked me when I was free. Even if I’m free, I don’t want to go out with him! (3) He asked if I
wanted to have dinner together before the film.
Perhaps you should go. He sounds sincere!
(4) He also asked what kind of food I prefer. I don’t want to go at all. Hello?

p. 68
Practice 6
Laura: Aaron, look at this! (1) What do you think about this drawing? It’s beautiful, right? It was drawn by a
primary school student.
Aaron: (2) Could a primary student draw this? It’s brilliant! (3) Who’s this man floating in the air?
Laura: I think he’s a police officer. He’s wearing a floating suit and patrolling the city.
Aaron: Interesting. (4) What’s the theme of the drawing? Do you know?
Laura: It’s ‘The Future City’. (5) Are you curious about the future? I’m eager to know what’s going to happen
30 years from now!
Aaron: (6) Are you thinking about flying cars?
Laura: No, not exactly. I’m thinking about space travel!
Aaron: Space travel is cool! I want to go to other planets. (7) Would you like to visit Mars?
Laura: I’d love to, but it sounds dangerous. Ha! Ha! Look, a painting like this can spark such an interesting
conversation.
Laura: You’re right. Art is amazing. Oh, look at this. (8) Who’s the artist of this sculpture? (9) Have you heard of
Marie Forain?
Aaron: Yes. She’s a new artist. She’s becoming quite popular.
Laura: (10) Where’s the artist from?
Aaron: She’s from France. I’d love to travel there. (11) Have you been to France?
Laura: Yes, I’ve been there once.
Aaron: I see. (12) What time will the gallery close? We’d better hurry up and see the remaining exhibits.

1 Laura asked Aaron what he thought about that drawing.

2 Aaron wondered if a primary student could draw that.
3 Aaron wanted to know who was that man floating in the air.
4 Aaron asked what was the theme of the drawing.
5 Laura asked if Aaron was curious about the future.
6 Aaron asked if Laura thinking about flying cars.
7 Aaron asked if Laura would like to visit Mars.
8 Laura asked whos was the artist of that sculpture.
9 Laura also asked if Aaron had heard of Marie Forain.
10 Laura asked where was the artist from.
11 Aaron asked if Laura had been to France.
12 Aaron asked what time would the gallery close.

pp. 70-71
4C Transitional words and phrases 轉折詞
We use transitional words and phrases to link words, phrases, clauses and sentences.
as well as / and 和
Moreover/ also / besides / furthermore / in addition 再者
for example / for instance / including / such as 例如
but / nevertheless / however / in contrast / on the other hand / despite / in spite of 但
although / even though / though / while 雖然
as / because / since / because of / in view of / on account of / due to 因為
so / as a result / consequently / for this reason / hence / therefore 所以
in order that / so that / in order to / so as to 為了
as long as / if / provided that / otherwise / unless / in case 只要
to begin with / first / first of all / second / next / then / after that / finally / lately / last but not least (數目)
especially / in particular / actually / indeed 尤其是
in conclusion / in summary / to conclude / to sum up 總結

Practice 1
1 Maria is doing extra-curricular activities most days. (For instance/in conclusion/Moreover), she has a
part-time job.
2 (Because of/Especially/While) Michael loves watching football, he would prefer to play it.
3 Alison wanted to get an A for her assignment. (Also/For this reason/However), she didn’t want to work
too hard on it.
4 I like musician George Benjamin (because of/besides/hence) his creativity and great skills.
5 (Due to/In order that/Provided that) he’s determined, he can overcome his addiction.
6 The lights did not work, the curtains would not open or close properly, and one of the actors forgot all
their lines. (In conclusion/in particular/in spite of), the play was a disaster.

p. 71
Practice 2
1 Jim drove carelessly. Consequently, he bumped into another car and was badly hurt.
2 Computers are great for entertainment and work. In addition, they are useful for keeping in contact
with family and friends.
3 Rachael likes hanging out with her friends. On the other hand, she enjoys spending time by herself
reading a book.
4 Mr Wong checked in to his flight online in order that he could choose a good seat on the plane.
5 Due to limited seats in the hall, the tickets will be sold at a first come, first served basis.

Practice 3
apart from for example in case in particular to sum up because of furthermore in contrast to
begin with
My favourite actors
Jonny Sloane and Marcus Burke are my two favourite actors.
(1) To begin with , Jonny is a very eccentric 反常 individual 個體. (2) Furthermore , he has
a very bizarre 古怪 appearance 外形. When he’s not acting, he has a pink Mohican (髮型︰兩邊睇光，中間高
聳) and is covered in tattoos 紋身. (3) Apart from his hair and tattoos, his fashion style is mostly
ripped 穿洞 clothing with T-shirts that have pictures of skulls 骷髏.
(4) In particular , Jonny is known for his outrageous 粗暴 personality 性格. (5) For
example , he once 有一次 got into a fight with a photographer for taking his picture.
(6) In contrast , Marcus is calm and subtle 精細. He always has a neat 整齊, schoolboy-type haircut,
and wears smart, fashionable clothes most of the time. (7) Because of his approachable 可親
character, he’s a favourite with all his fellow 同事 actors and the media. Marcus is also a lovely family man. He
often takes his family on filming trips (8) in case he has some free time touring around with them.
(9) To sume up , my two favourite actors couldn’t be more different.

p. 72
Practice 4 Correct the mistakes
apart from especially for instance in spite of moreover as a result even though in conclusion
including nevertheless as long as first of all in order not to indeed then
How to deal with stage fright
Cherry was going to perform a song in the singing competition. First she walked on the stage. Finally
(Then), she froze. She forgot all the lyrics despite (in spite of) she had practised a hundred times.
Stage fright is the persistent 持續 anxiety 擔憂 or fear aroused 出現 in a person who is performing 表演
on stage, besides (especially) when performing in front of an unknown audience.
When (As long as) suffering from stage fright, a person usually has physical symptoms 表徵 because (as a
result) of a fast-beating 急跳 heart, a dry mouth, a shaky 震 voice, blushing 臉紅, trembling 發擅 and
sweating 流汗. Otherwise (Moreover), he or she fails to perform well although (even though) being
well-prepared.
How can we deal with stage fright? After that (First of all), we should recognize that stage fright is
common 常見. For example (Indeed), almost 幾乎 every performer, even experienced ones, can suffer from it.
The next thing to do is take a deep breath. It can help you calm down. In addition to (Moreover), it can help
you focus on the performance you are going to deliver.
Famous singer Adele has more advice for overcoming that performance killer. Adele always looks calm.
While (Nevertheless), she has very bad stage fright. Such as (For instance), she once vomited all over someone
in the audience. During (Apart from) another particularly bad case of nerves, she even ‘escaped out the fire
exit’ rather than sing. In order that (In order not to) let her fans down, she has been trying to manage her
nerves. But telling jokes to keep the mood light, she has developed an alter ego—Sasha Carter—to help her
express another side of herself on stage.
To begin with (In conclusion), having stage fright is normal. The key is to acknowledge it and channel your
energy in positive ways. Unless you are able to manage your nerves, you can
conquer any stage.

p. 73
Consolidation
Chris Polanco is a highly respected percussionist from the Dominican Republic. Based in Hong Kong for
over 20 years, Chris has been rehearsing, recording and going on concert tours with different local artists. (1)
Besides , he is the founder of his Latin band, Azucar Latina. (2) While he is busy with his hectic
schedule, he graciously and cheerfully took time for a phone interview.
We (3) wonder if he only play percussion instruments. He told us that (4) apart from
percussion instruments, he also plays the piano, guitar and accordion. When we (5) asked when he had
started playing percussion instruments, he (6) said that he started learning them at the age of ten.
Having a talent for music, he went on to learn the guitar and keyboards. He started playing professionally
when he was 18.
Chris has worked with many Canto-pop stars, (7) such as Eason Chan, Joey Yung, Gin Lee,
Rubberband, Jason Chan, and more. We (8) wondered what was his most memorable concert experience.
He (9) replied that he would choose the concert tour with Eason Chan and his band about ten years ago.
He also (10) told us that that was a wonderful experience.
Be it in the studio or on stage, Chris strives to shine wherever he is. (11) For this reason , he always
has an unbeatable, energetic rhythm in his music when playing in his own band and in mainstream commercial
shows.
(12) Lastly , (13) in view of the difficult times the city is facing, we (14) asked him if he had
any advice for keeping such positive energy. He (15) told us that when we appreciate the tings around us,
everything will have a new and good value. (16) Actually , ‘life is awesome’ is the musician’s motto.