Europeans Expand to Africa

bought sugar, coffee, and tobacco to bring back to

Europe.

Another triangle involved ships sailing from the

northern English colonies in North America. They
carried rum to Africa, people to the West Indies,
and sugar and molasses back to the colonies to
make more rum.

The part of the voyage that brought people to the

Americas was called the middle passage. It was
harsh and cruel. People were crammed into ships,
beaten, and given little food. About 20 percent of
the people on these ships died.
The Causes of African Slavery

In the Americas, Europeans first used Native

Americans to work farms and mines. When the
native peoples began dying from disease, the
Europeans brought in Africans. The buying and
selling of Africans for work in the Americas
became known as the Atlantic slave trade. From
1500 to 1870, when the slave trade in the
Americans finally ended, about 9.5 million Africans
had been imported as slaves.

The Spanish first began the practice of bringing

Africans to the Americas. However, the Portuguese
increased the demand for slaves. They were looking
for workers for their sugar plantations in Brazil.

Slavery Spreads Consequences of the Slave Trade

Other European colonies also brought slaves to Life on the plantations was harsh as well. People
work on tobacco, sugar, and coffee plantations. were sold to the highest bidder. They worked from
About 400,000 slaves were brought to the English dawn to dusk in the fields. They lived in small huts
colonies in North America. Their population had and had little food and clothing. Africans kept alive
increased to about 2 million in 1830. their traditional music and beliefs to try to maintain
their spirits. Sometimes they rebelled. From North
Many African rulers joined in the slave trade. They America to Brazil, from 1522 to the 1800s, there
captured people inland and brought them to the were small-scale slave revolts.
coast to sell to European traders.
The Atlantic slave trade had a huge impact on both
Africans taken to the Americas were part of a Africa and the Americas. In Africa many cultures
triangular trade between Europe, Africa, and the lost generations of members. Africans began
Americas. European ships brought manufactured fighting Africans over the control of the slave trade.
goods to Africa, trading them for people. They
carried Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas, The Africans’ labor helped build the Americas.
where they were sold into slavery. The traders then They brought skills and culture too. Many of the
nations of the Americas have mixed race
populations.

Slavery has had a long history in Africa and in the world. For most of that history in Africa, though, large
numbers of people had not been enslaved. That changed in the 600s, when Muslim traders started to take many
slaves to Southwest Asia.

Most worked as servants, and they did have certain rights. Also, the sons and daughters of slaves were
considered to be free. The European slave trade that began in the 1500s was larger. The enslaved Africans also
were treated far more harshly. Slaves no longer had rights and they were treated like animals. Their children
were born into slavery and continued the miserable lives their parents had. Many toiled in harsh conditions and
were often beaten severely. In addition, slaves were not allowed to attend school. This was intentional to make
sure that they remained ignorant, so that they would not question their place in the New World.

1)Who did Europeans first force to do hard labor in the

Americas? The Africans were forced .
2)What three continents were involved in the triangular trade?
European capital , African Labour , and American Land .
3)Name one consequence of the Atlantic slave trade ON
AFRICA.​The slave trade brought about a negative
impact on African societies and led to the long-term
impoverishment of West Africa
4)Who began the slave trade in Africa? Portugal
 5)What are some differences between Muslim and European
slave trade? In the muslim slave trade they didnt have certain
rights & in the european they were treated more harshly.
6)Why were slaves not educated?​Fearing that black
literacy would prove a threat to the slave system
whites in the Deep South passed laws forbidding
slaves to learn to read or write and making it a
crime for others to teach them.

1. According to the map to the right, the Middle Passage was the leg of the triangular trade in which:
a. Fruits and vegetables were transported from the Americas to Europe.
b. Gold, ivory, spices, and hardwoods were transported directly to Europe.
c. Slaves were moved from Africa to the Americas.
d. Manufactured goods were transported from Europe directly to North America.
e. None of the above.

2. According to the map to the right, what products did slaves help produce in the Americas and allow
colonists to ship back to Europe?
a. Manufactured goods and luxuries
b. Rice, silk, indigo and tobacco
c. Gold, ivory, spices, and hardwoods
d. Rum, iron, gunpowder, cloth, and tools
e. All of the above

3. What would the best title for this map be?

4. What is the Middle Passage?
5. What three continents were involved in this map?
6. Name three things brought from Europe to America
7. Name three things brought from America to Europe

Primary Source Analysis

All the nations and people I had hitherto passed through resembled our own in their manners, customs, and language:
but I came at length to a country, the inhabitants of which differed from us in all those particulars. I was very much
struck with this difference, especially when I came among a people who did not circumcise, and ate without washing
their hands. They cooked also in iron pots, and had European cutlasses and cross bows, which were unknown to us,
and fought with their fists amongst themselves. Their women were not so modest as ours, for they ate, and drank,
and slept, with their men. But, above all, I was amazed to see no sacrifices or offerings among them. In some of
those places the people ornamented themselves with scars, and likewise filed their teeth very sharp. They wanted
sometimes to ornament me in the same manner, but I would not suffer them; hoping that I might some time be
among a people who did not thus disfigure themselves, as I thought they did. At last I came to the banks of a large
river, which was covered with canoes, in which the people appeared to live with their household utensils and
provisions of all kinds. Till, at the end of six or seven months after I had been kidnapped, I arrived at the sea coast. It
would be tedious and uninteresting to relate all the incidents which befell me during this journey, and which I have
not yet forgotten; of the various hands I passed through, and the manners and customs of all the different people
among whom I lived: I shall therefore only observe, that in all the places where I was the soil was exceedingly rich;
the pomkins, eadas, plantains, yams, &c. &c. were in great abundance, and of incredible size. There were also vast
quantities of different gums, though not used for any purpose; and every where a great deal of tobacco. The cotton
even grew quite wild; and there was plenty of redwood. I saw no mechanics whatever in all the way, except such as I
have mentioned. The chief employment in all these countries was agriculture, and both the males and females, as
with us, were brought up to it, and trained in the arts of war.
The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship, which was then
riding at anchor, and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror
when I was carried on board. I was immediately handled and tossed up to see if I were sound by some of the crew;
and I was now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me. Their
complexions too differing so much from ours, their long hair, and the language they spoke, (which was very different
from any I had ever heard) united to confirm me in this belief. Indeed such were the horrors of my views and fears at
the moment, that, if ten thousand worlds had been my own, I would have freely parted with them all to have
exchanged my condition with that of the meanest slave in my own country. When I looked round the ship too and
saw a large furnace or copper boiling, and a multitude of black people of every description chained together, every
one of their countenances expressing dejection and sorrow, I no longer doubted of my fate; and, quite overpowered
with horror and anguish, I fell motionless on the deck and fainted.
When I recovered a little I found some black people about me, who I believed were some of those who brought me
on board, and had been receiving their pay; they talked to me in order to cheer me, but all in vain. I asked them if we
were not to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces, and loose hair. They told me I was not; and
one of the crew brought me a small portion of spirituous liquor in a wine glass; but, being afraid of him, I would not
take it out of his hand. One of the blacks therefore took it from him and gave it to me, and I took a little down my
palate, which, instead of reviving me, as they thought it would, threw me into the greatest consternation at the
strange feeling it produced, having never tasted any such liquor before. Soon after this the blacks who brought me on
board went off, and left me abandoned to despair. I now saw myself deprived of all chance of returning to my native
country, or even the least glimpse of hope of gaining the shore, which I now considered as friendly; and I even
wished for my former slavery in preference to my present situation, which was filled with horrors of every kind, still
heightened by my ignorance of what I was to undergo. - ​Olaudah Equiano, 1789

1. Author
● Olaudah Equiano
2. Audience
● people
3. Date
● 1789
4. PURPOSE
● The purpose of this is to tell his life story & the things he experienced with
blacks and during his lifetime.
5. Close Reading (Cite Textual Evidence)
● “When I recovered a little I found some black people about me, who I believed were some of those
who brought me on board, and had been receiving their pay; they talked to me in order to cheer me,
but all in vain. I asked them if we were not to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red
faces, and loose hair”
● “One of the blacks therefore took it from him and gave it to me, and I took a little down my palate,
which, instead of reviving me, as they thought it would, threw me into the greatest consternation at
the strange feeling it produced, having never tasted any such liquor before. “