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Peripheral and Interfacing

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31 views

Peripheral and Interfacing

Uploaded by

rstanjilahamedrifat25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Define the term peripherals. Or What is computer peripherals ?

Ans: A computer peripheral is a device that is connected to a computer but not a part of
the core computer architecture. Some examples are, mouse,keyboard, printer, scanner,
cd-rom, webcam etc.

Peripheral devices fall into three general categories:

1.​ Input devices, such as a mouse and a keyboard.


2.​ Output devices, such as a monitor and a printer.
3.​ Storage devices, such as a hard drive or flash drive.

2. What is rules of Computer peripherals?

Ans: The rules of the computer peripherals are describe in below:

1.​ Input Devices: An input device is a peripheral devices used to provide data and
control signals to an information processing system. Example of input devices
include keyboard, mouse, scanner etc.
●​ Keyboards: Keyboard is a device which is used to input text or control
signals into computer.
●​ Pointing Device: Pointing devices such as mouse that used to input
spatial data to a computer.
2.​ Output Devices: An output device used to show results of data processing
carried out by computer which converts the information into human readable
form.
●​ Display Devices: A display device is an output device that visually
converts texts, graphics, and video information. Information shows,on a
display device is called soft copy.
●​ Audio Devices: Audio devices are one kind of output device.
3.​ Storage Devices: Computer memory used to store data. It is two types, they are
Volatile such as ram and Non-volatile such as rom, hard disk etc.

3.What do you understand by interfacing?

Ans: Interfacing is a techniques by which peripheral devices can be connected to the


computer. Interface is the point of interaction with software or computer hardware or
with peripheral devices such as monitor or mouse. Without computer peripheral
interfacing we cannot connect various devices with computer.
4. What are the importance of interfacing? or Why we need to study computer
peripheral and interfacing? or Why peripheral interfacing is necessary?

Ans: Without computer peripheral interfacing, we cannot connect various devices


with computer. So this is important to interaction between processor and external or
peripheral devices. Without peripheral interfacing-

1.​ We cannot use extensive facilities of computer.


2.​ We cannot control and command the computer.
3.​ We can not input anything into the computer
4.​ We cannot show output result.
5.​ Mouse, keyboard, printers, scanners are useless.
6.​ We cannot store anything to the computer.

That’s why peripheral interfacing is important and nenecessary.

5. Discuss the basic interfacing unit with proper diagram. Or, what are the basic
requirements for proper interface between a microprocessor and I/O device?

Ans:

6. What are the difference between parallel and serial interfacing? Or, What are the
advantages and disadvantage of parallel communication over serial communication?

Ans:

Serial interfacing Parallel interfacing

1. Data transmitted serially, one bit at 1. Data transmitted parallely, eight


a time. bits at a time.

2. It used for long distance 2. It used for short distance


communication. communication.

3. It has a single transmission line. 3. It has multiple transmission lines.

4. Low speed transmission. 4. High speed transmission.

5. It is less expensive. 5. It is more expensive.

6. It is full duplex. 6. It is half duplex.

7. It is reliable and straightforward. 7. It is unreliable and complicated.


7. What is DMA?

Ans: Direct memory access (DMA) is a method that allows an input/output (I/O) device
to send or receive data directly to or from the main memory, bypassing the CPU to
speed up memory operations.

8. Draw DMA Block Diagram.

Ans: Direct memory access (DMA) is a method that allows an input/output (I/O) device
to send or receive data directly to or from the main memory, bypassing the CPU to
speed up memory operations.

A DMA controller manages to transfer data between peripherals and memory unit.

Figure: DMA Block Diagram

9. Why does the DMA generally have priority over the CPU in the case of
accessing memory?

Ans:

10. What do you mean by asynchronous transmission? Or, Describe about


asynchronous transmission. Or, Explain with proper diagram asynchronous
transmission interfacing technique.
Ans: In asynchronous transmission data flows in a half-duplex mode. The system
require an overhead of two to three bits per character. In general, the size of a
character sent in 8 bits.

Figure: Asynchronous Transmission

It is simple and cheap and does not require a two way communication. Letter, email,
radio etc. are some example of asynchronous transmission.

11. What are the differences between Synchronous Transmission and


Asynchronous Transmission?

Ans:

​ Synchronous Transmission ​ Asynchronous Transmission

1. Does not occur any framing error. 1. Occurs any framing error.

2. It is costly. 2. It is simple and cheap.

3. Transmission speed is faster. 3. Transmission speed is slower.

4. Time interval is constant. 4. Time interval is random.

5. Faster than asynchronous 5. Slower than synchronous


transmission. transmission.

6. Gap between data is absent. 6. Gap between data is present.


7. This system require less bits per 7. This system require an overhead of
character. two to three bits per character.

8. Examples: Chat rooms, Video 8. Examples: Email, Letter, Forums


conferencing etc. etc.

13. What is DMA controller? Explain with block diagram how a DMA controller
operate in a micro-computer system. Or, Draw the block diagram showing,
how a DMA controller operates in a microprocessor system.

Ans: DMA stands for Direct Memory Access. It designed by Intel to transfer data at the
faster rate. It transfer the data directly from memory without any interference of the
CPU.

Following is the sequence of the Operations performed by a DMA:


1.​ Initially, device has to sent DMA request to DMA controller.
2.​ The DMA controller sends hold request to the CPU and wait for the the CPU to
assert the hold request.
3.​ Then the microprocessor tri-states all the data bus, address bus, and control
bus. The CPU leaves the control over bus and acknowledges the HOLD request
through HLDA signal.
4.​ Now the CPU is in HOLD state and the DMA controller has to manage the
operations over
buses between the CPU, memory, and I/O devices.

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