Solutions to Practice Problems on Quantitative Aptitude

MAT/1/MD/103
Course Instructor: C. Zosangzuala, Department of Mathematics, PUC
Contact Information: [email protected], 8414964619

Note: Remember that the solutions provided in this note are written in such a way that
it convey some understanding while going through them. Therefore, after you know what you
are doing, feel free to solve it in shortcut method, meaning you can skip those lines which are
obvious. To write in the test or exam, do it so according to the marks.

1 Solutions to Practice Problems 1 & 2

1. Which of the following are prime numbers?

(a) 241
(b) 903

Solution:

(a) We know that 241 < 256 = 162 , then prime numbers less than 16 are: 2,3,5,7,11,13.
We see that none of these numbers divides 241, thus 241 is a prime number.
(b) Similarly, 903 < 312 . Then, prime numbers less than 31 are: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,
19, 23, 29. We wee that 903 is divisible by 3, and so, 903 is not a prime number.

2. Find the unit place digit in (245)102 + (645)46 .

Solution: To find unit place digit, we need to check for the unit digit of the base number
only. However, unit digit of 5 raise to the integer power is always 5. Therefore,

Unit digit of (245)102 = 5

Unit digit of (645)46 = 5

Unit digit of (245)102 + (645)46 = Unit digit of (5 + 5) = 0.

3. Find the total number of prime factors in 413 × 59 × 113 .

Solution: To find total number of prime factors of a given number, firstly, represent all
the base numbers into primes. Thus,

413 × 59 × 113 = 226 × 59 × 113

Then, add the powers of those prime numbers. Hence,

Total number of Prime factors of 413 × 59 × 113 = 26 + 9 + 3 = 38.

1
4. What is the least value of # so that 2489#98 is divisible by 9?
Solution: Since, for 2489#98 to be divisible by 9, 2 + 4 + 8 + 9 + # + 9 + 8 = 40 + #
must be divisible by 9, then # = 5.

5. Is 4940649857 divisible by 40?

Solution: Since 40 = 8 × 5 and the HCF of 8 and 5 is 1, then to check whether a given
number is divisible by 40 or not, we need to check if it is divisible by both 8 and 5. Also,
since, the numbers divisible by 5 ends in 0 or 5, the given number is not divisible by 5
and therefore, 4940649857 is not divisible by 40.

6. Find the number which is nearest to 3105 and is exactly divisible by 21.
Solution: The number 3105 when divided by 21 leaves a remainder 18, and so we
need to add 3 to 18 so that it will be divisible by 21. Hence, the required number is
3105 + 3 = 3108.

7. On dividing 15968 by a certain number, the quotient is 89 and the remainder

is 37. Find the divisor.
Solution: Let x be the divisor, then by division algorithm, we have

15968 = 89x + 37
15968 − 37 = 89x
89x = 15931
15931
x=
89
x = 179

Hence, the divisor is 179.

8. A number when divided by 342 gives a remainder 47. When the same number
is divided by 19, what would be the remainder?
Solution: Let x be the number, then by division algorithm, we have

x = 342 × k + 47
= 18 × 19 × k + 47
= 19(18 × k) + 19 + 28 (We split 47 into 19 and 28)
= 19(18k + 1) + 19 + 9 (Again, splitting 28 into 19 and 9)
= 19(18k + 2) + 9

Thus, when the same number x is divided by 19, we get 9 as the remainder.

9. Find the remainder when 231 is divided by 5.

Solution: We see that

Unit digit of 21 =2
Unit digit of 22 =4
Unit digit of 23 =8
Unit digit of 24 =6
Unit digit of 25 =2

2
 So, it cycles back to 2 after power of 4. Thus, we take 31 = 4 × 7 + 3, so that
231 = 24×7+3 = (24 )7 × 23
Thus, Unit digit of (24 )7 = 6 and hence
Unit digit of (24 )7 × 23 = 6 × 8 = 8
Therefore, when divided by 5, we get 3 as the remainder.
10. How many numbers between 11 and 90 are divisible by 7?
Solution: We know that the numbers 14,21,28,...,84 are divisible by 7. Also, these
numbers are in A.P., so, we have a = 14, d = 7, an = 84 and
an = a + (n − 1)d
⇒84 = 14 + (n − 1) × 7
⇒84 − 14 = 7n − 7
⇒7n = 70 + 7
⇒7n = 77
⇒ n = 11
Therefore, there are 11 numbers between 11 and 90 which are divisible by 7.
11. Find the sum of all 2 digit numbers divisible by 3.
Solution: All 2 digit numbers which are divisible by 3 are 12,15,18,...,99. So, they are
in A.P. and we have a = 12, d = 3, an = 99 and
an = a + (n − 1)d
⇒99 = 12 + (n − 1) × 3
⇒99 − 12 = 3n − 3
⇒3n = 87 + 3
⇒3n = 90
⇒ n = 30
So, there are 30 terms. Now, the sum is
n n
Sn = (2a + +(n − 1)d) or (a + an )
2 2
30 30
S30 = (2 × 12 + (30 − 1) × 3) or (12 + 99)
2 2
= 15(24 + 29 × 3) or 15 × 111
= 15(24 + 87)
= 15 × 111
= 1665.

12. How many terms are there in 2,4,8,16,...,1024?

Solution: We see that the given numbers are in G.P. and so a = 2, common ratio r =
2, Tn = 1024. Then, we have Tn = arn−1 and
1024 = 2 × 2n ⇒ 2n−1 = 512 ⇒ 2n−1 = 29 ⇒ n − 1 = 9 ⇒ n = 10
There are 10 terms.

3
13. What is the value of 1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + · · · + 327 ?
Solution: We know that a = 3, r = 3, n = 28, so
an+1 − 1
Sn =
a−1
28+1
3 −1
S28 =
3−1
329 − 1
=
2

14. Find the HCF of 108, 288, and 360.

Solution: The prime factors of the numbers are as follows:

108 = 22 · 33 , 288 = 25 · 32 , 360 = 22 · 32 · 5

Then, HCF is the product of the smallest powers of common factors: HCF = 22 ·32 = 36.
15. Find the LCM of 72, 108, and 2100.
Solution: The LCM of 72, 108, and 2100 is determined by their prime factorization:

72 = 23 · 32 , 108 = 22 · 33 , 2100 = 22 · 3 · 52 · 7

The LCM is the product of the highest powers of all factors:

LCM = 23 · 33 · 52 · 7 = 529200

16. The HCF of two numbers is 11 and their LCM is 693. If one of the numbers
is 77, find the other number.
Solution: Let the other number be x. The relationship between the HCF, LCM, and
two numbers is:
HCF × LCM = 77 × x
Substituting the given values:
11 × 693
11 × 693 = 77 × x =⇒ x = = 99
77
Thus, the other number is 99.
17. Find the largest number of five digits number exactly divisible by 35, 28, 24,
and 14.
Solution: The largest five-digit number divisible by 35, 28, 24, and 14 can be found by
determining the LCM of these numbers:

35 = 5 · 7, 28 = 22 · 7, 24 = 23 · 3, 14 = 2 · 7

The LCM is:

LCM = 23 · 3 · 5 · 7 = 840
The largest five-digit number divisible by 840 is:
99999
= 119.046 =⇒ 840 × 119 = 99960
840
So, the largest number is 99960.

4
18. Arrange 14 , 26 , 87 in ascending order.
Solution: To arrange 41 , 26 , 78 in ascending order, we find a common denominator:
1 6 2 8 7 21
= , = , =
4 24 6 24 8 24
Hence, the ascending order is:
1 2 7
, ,
4 6 8
x (x2 +y 2 )
19. If y
= 65 , find the value of (x2 −y 2 )
.
2 2
Solution: Given x
y
= 65 , we find the value of xx2 −y
+y
2 . Using the identity:

 2
x 6 2
+1 36 61


2 2 +1 +1
x +y y 5 25 25 61
= 2 = 2 = 36 = 11 =
x2 − y 2 6 −1 11
 

x
−1 5
−1 25 25
y

20. Find the value of x in which

2x
1 = 1.
1+ 1+ 1+ 1
x
1+x

Solution: We simplify the equation:

2x
1 =1
1+ 1+ 1+ 1 x
1+x

2x
1 =1
1+ 1+x
1+ 1+2x
2x
=1
1 + 1+2x
2+3x
2x · (2 + 3x)
=1
3 + 5x
4x + 6x2 = 3 + 5x
6x2 − x − 3 = 0
Solving this gives: √
1 ± 73
x=
12
21. If 2x + 3y + z = 55, x − y = 4, and y − x + z = 12, then what are the values of
x, y, z?
Solution: We solve the system of equations:
2x + 3y + z = 55, x − y = 4, y − x + z = 12
x−y =4
Then, taking the last two equations give −(x − y) + z = 12) . So, from the first equa-
z = 16
2x + 3y = 39
tion, we have 2x + 3y = 39. Again, (x − y = 4) × 3 which gives x = 51 5
, then from the
5x = 51

5
 31
second equation we have y = x − 4 = 5
Therefore,

51 31
x= , y= , z = 16
5 5

22. A man spends 2/5 of his salary on house rent, 3/10 of his salary on food and
1/8 of his salary on conveyance. If he has Rs. 1400 left with him, find his
expenditure on food and conveyance.
Solution: The man’s total expenditure is:
2 3 1 33
Expenditure on rent, food, conveyance = + + =
5 10 8 40
If his salary is x then, the balance he has left is Rs. 1400, i.e., Salary-Expenditure. So,
33 7x
x− x = 1400 ⇒ = 1400 ⇒ x = 200 × 40 = 8000
40 40
So, his salary is Rs. 8000, and his expenditure on food and conveyance is Rs. 2400 and
Rs. 1000 respectively.
q
23. What is the value of 25 ?
q 16
Solution: The value of 25 16
is:
5
.
4
√
24. Evaluate 175.2976.
Solution: The square root of 175.2976 is:
√
175.2976 = 13.24.

25. By what least number 4500 be multiplied to obtain a number which is a

perfect square?
Solution: The prime factorization of 4500 is 4500 = 22 · 32 · 52 · 5. So, for the number to
be a perfect square, we need another 5. Hence 5 is the required number.

26. There are two sections A and B of a class consisting of 78 and 65 students
respectively. If the average weight of section A is 56 kg and that of section B
is 50 kg, find the average weight of the whole class.
Solution: To find the average weight of the whole class, we calculate the weighted
average of the two sections. Let:

nA = 78, nB = 65, wA = 56 kg, wB = 50 kg

where:

• nA is the number of students in section A,

• nB is the number of students in section B,
• wA is the average weight of section A,
• wB is the average weight of section B.

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 The total weight of section A is:

Total weight of A = nA × wA = 78 × 56 = 4368 kg

The total weight of section B is:

Total weight of B = nB × wB = 65 × 50 = 3250 kg

The total weight of the whole class is:

Total weight = 4368 + 3250 = 7618 kg

The total number of students in the whole class is:

ntotal = nA + nB = 78 + 65 = 143

Now, the average weight of the whole class is:

Total weight 7618
Average weight = = ≈ 53.25 kg
ntotal 143
Thus, the average weight of the whole class is approximately 53.25 kg.

27. A number is as much greater than 26 as is less than 76. Find the number.
Solution: Let the unknown number be x. According to the problem, the number is as
much greater than 26 as it is less than 76. This can be expressed as:

x − 26 = 76 − x

Now, solve for x:

x − 26 = 76 − x

Add x to both sides:

2x − 26 = 76

Add 26 to both sides:

2x = 102

Now, divide both sides by 2:

x = 51

Thus, the number is 51.

7
28. The sum of two numbers is 154. If one-third of the one exceeds one-seventh
of the other by 8, find the bigger number.
Solution: Let the two numbers be x and y. According to the problem, we have the
following two equations:
1. The sum of the two numbers: x + y = 154 2. One-third of one number exceeds
one-seventh of the other by 8:
1 1
x− y =8
3 7
To eliminate the fractions in the second equation, we can multiply through by 21 (the
least common multiple of 3 and 7):
   
1 1
21 x − 21 y = 21 × 8
3 7
This simplifies to: 7x − 3y = 168. Now, we have a system of equations: x + y = 154 and
7x − 3y = 168. We can solve for y in terms of x from the first equation:

y = 154 − x

Substituting this expression for y into the second equation:

7x − 3(154 − x) = 168

Expanding and simplifying:

7x − 462 + 3x = 168
10x − 462 = 168
Adding 462 to both sides:
10x = 630
Dividing both sides by 10:
x = 63
Now substituting x = 63 back into the equation for y:

y = 154 − 63 = 91

Thus, the bigger number is:

Bigger number = y = 91

29. Robert’s age after 14 years will be 6 times his age 6 ears back. What is the
present age of Robert?
Solution: Let Robert’s present age be x. According to the problem, Robert’s age after
14 years will be x + 14. Also, his age 6 years back was x − 6.
According to the given condition:

x + 14 = 6(x − 6)

Now, we can simplify and solve for x:

x + 14 = 6x − 36

8
 Subtract x from both sides:
14 = 5x − 36
Add 36 to both sides:
50 = 5x
Now, divide both sides by 5: x = 10 Thus, Robert’s present age is:
Present age of Robert = 10 years
4
30. What is the value of (1024)− 5 ?
4
Solution: The value of (1024)− 5 is
4 1
(1024)− 5 = 4
(1024) 5
1
= 4
(210 ) 5
1
= 2×4
2
1
= 8
2
= 2−8

31. Find the missing figures:

(a) ?% of 35=22.75
(b) 5% of ?=450
Solution:
(a) Let ?% of 35 = 22.75, then
? 2275
× 35 = 22.75 ⇒? = = 65
100 35
(b)
5
5% of ? = 450 ⇒ ×? = 450 ⇒? = 450 × 20 = 9000
100
32. In an examination, 80% of the students passed in Philosophy, 55% in Psychol-
ogy and 90% passed in both papers. If 55 students fail in both the papers,
find the total number of students.
Solution: Let the total number of students be N .
According to the problem: - 80% of the students passed in Philosophy, which means 0.8N
passed in Philosophy. - 55% of the students passed in Psychology, which means 0.55N
passed in Psychology. - 90% of the students passed in both papers, which means 0.9N
passed in both Philosophy and Psychology.
We can use the principle of inclusion-exclusion to find the number of students who passed
at least one subject:
Number of students passing at least one subject = (Passed in Philosophy)
+ (Passed in Psychology)
− (Passed in both)

9
 Substituting the values:

Number of students passing at least one subject = 0.8N + 0.55N − 0.9N

= (0.8 + 0.55 − 0.9)N = 0.45N

Now, the number of students who failed in both subjects is given as 55:

Number of students who failed in both = N − Number of students passing

at least one subject

Thus, we have:
55 = N − 0.45N
Simplifying this:
55 = 0.55N
Now, divide both sides by 0.55:
55
N= = 100
0.55
Thus, the total number of students is:

Total number of students = 100

33. What number should replace # in the sequence 2,4,8,14,22,#, 44?

Solution: We see that the pattern of the sequence is a + 2n where a is the previous
number and n goes from 1. To test, put a = 2, n = 1, we get 4, and a = 4, n = 2, we get
8 and so on. So putting a = 22, n = 5, we get 22 + 2 × 5 = 32 and hence # = 32.

34. If 32 of A = 75% of B, then what is A : B?

Solution: We have
2 A 75 × 3 9
of A = 75% of B ⇒ = =
3 B 2 × 100 8
Thus, A : B = 9 : 8.

35. The difference between two numbers is 1660. If 7.5% of one number is 12.5%
of the other number, find the two numbers.
Solution: Let the two numbers be x and y. According to the problem, we have the
following two equations:
1. The difference between the two numbers:

x − y = 1660 (1)

2. 7.5% of one number is equal to 12.5% of the other number:

0.075x = 0.125y (2)

From equation (2), we can express y in terms of x:

0.075x = 0.125y

10
 0.075x 75x 3x
y= = = (3)
0.125 125 5
Now, substitute equation (3) into equation (1):
3x
x− = 1660
5
To simplify, we can express x as a fraction:
5x 3x
− = 1660
5 5
2x
= 1660
5
Now, multiply both sides by 5:
2x = 8300
Now, divide both sides by 2:
x = 4150
Now, substitute the value of x back into equation (3) to find y:
3 × 4150 12450
y= = = 2490
5 5
Thus, the two numbers are:

First number x = 4150, Second number y = 2490

36. A book was sold for Rs. 27.50 with a profit of 10%. If it was sold for Rs. 25.75,
then what would be the percentage of profit or loss?
Solution: Let the cost price of the book be CP .
Given that the book was sold for Rs. 27.50 with a profit of 10%, we can express this
relationship as:
SP = CP + 0.1 × CP = 1.1 × CP
From the information provided:

1.1 × CP = 27.50

Now, we can solve for CP :

27.50
CP =
1.1
Calculating CP :
27.50
CP = = 25
1.1
Thus, the cost price of the book is Rs. 25. Now, if the book is sold for Rs. 25.75, we can
calculate the profit or loss:
SP = 25.75
Now, we can find the profit:

Profit = SP − CP = 25.75 − 25 = 0.75

11
 Next, we can find the percentage of profit:
   
Profit 0.75
Percentage of Profit = × 100 = × 100 = 3%
CP 25

Since the selling price is greater than the cost price, it is a profit. Thus, the percentage
of profit when the book is sold for Rs. 25.75 is:

Percentage of Profit = 3%
√
3+√2
√
37. If = a + b 2, then find the values of a and b.
3− 2 √ √
Solution: We have 3+√2 = a + b 2, then
3− 2
√ √ √
3+ 2 3+ 2 3+ 2
√ = √ × √
3− 2 3− 2 3+ 2
√
(3 + 2)2
=
9 −√2
9+6 2+2
=
7√
11 + 6 2
=
7
11 6 √
= + 2
7 7
11
Thus, a = 7
,b = 67 .

38. A sum of rs. 1290 is divided between A, B and C such that A′ s share is 32 times
that of B and B ′ s share is 74 times that of C. What is C ′ s share?
Solution: Let the shares of A, B, and C be represented as a, b, and c respectively.
According to the problem, we have the following relationships:
1. a = 23 b (A’s share is 3
2
times that of B) 2. b = 74 c (B’s share is 7
4
times that of C)
We also know that the total amount is:

a + b + c = 1290 (1)

Now, we can express a and b in terms of c:

From equation (1):
3 7 21
× c= c
a=
2 4 8
Substituting this expression for a and b into equation (1):
21 7
c + c + c = 1290
8 4
To combine the terms, first express c with a common denominator. The least common
multiple of 8 and 4 is 8. Therefore:
21 21 14 8
a= c = c, b= c, c= c
8 8 8 8
12
 Now we have:
21 14 8
c + c + c = 1290
8 8 8
Combining these gives:
21 + 14 + 8
b = 1290
8
43
c = 1290
8
8
Now, multiply both sides by 43
:

8
c = 1290 × = 240
43
Thus, C ′ s share is:
C ′ s share = 240

39. A, B and C shared a business by investing Rs. 1,20,000, Rs. 1,35,000 and
Rs. 1,50,000 respectively. Find the share of each out of an annual profit
Rs. 56, 700.
Solution: Let the investments of A, B, and C be:

A′ s investment = Rs. 1, 20, 000

B ′ s investment = Rs. 1, 35, 000

C ′ s investment = Rs. 1, 50, 000
First, we calculate the total investment:

Total Investment = 1, 20, 000 + 1, 35, 000 + 1, 50, 000 = 4, 05, 000

Next, we can find the share of the profit based on the ratio of their investments.
The ratio of their investments is:

A : B : C = 1, 20, 000 : 1, 35, 000 : 1, 50, 000

To simplify this ratio, we can divide each term by 15, 000:

A : B : C = 8 : 9 : 10

Now, the total parts in the ratio are:

8 + 9 + 10 = 27

Now, we can calculate the share of each partner from the total profit of Rs. 56, 700:
8
Share of A = × 56, 700
27
9
Share of B = × 56, 700
27
10
Share of C = × 56, 700
27
13
 Calculating each share:
1. For A:
8 453600
Share of A = × 56, 700 = = 16, 800
27 27
2. For B:
9 510300
Share of B = × 56, 700 = = 18, 900
27 27
3. For C:
10 567000
Share of C = × 56, 700 = = 21, 000
27 27
Thus, the shares of A, B, and C are:

Share of A = Rs. 16, 800

Share of B = Rs. 18, 900

Share of C = Rs. 21, 000

40. A certain sum of money amounts to Rs. 1008 in 2 years and to Rs. 1164 in
three and a half years. Find the sum and the rate of interest.
Solution: Let x be the principal amount. Since after 2 years x amounts to Rs. 1008,
and also after 3 and a half years, it amounts to Rs. 1164. So, the difference in 1 and a
half years is Rs.(1164 − 1008) = Rs.156, which is the simple interest for 1 and half years.
Thus

S.I. for 1.5 years = Rs.156

 
2
S.I. for 1 year = Rs. 156 ×
3
 
2
S.I. for 2 years = Rs. 156 × × 2 = Rs.208
3

Hence, x = Rs.(1008 − 208) = Rs.800. Also

P rincipal × Rate × T ime
Simple Interest (S.I.) =
100
Thus,
2 × 800 × Rate
208 =
100
100×208
which implies that Rate = 800×2
= 13.

41. Due to the reduction of 25 4

% in the price of sugar, a man is able to buy 1 Kg
more for Rs. 120. Find the original and the reduced rate of sugar.
Solution: Let the original price of sugar be x Rs. per kg.
25
Due to the reduction of 4
%
in the price, the reduced price becomes:
 
25 x 25x x 15x
Reduced Price = x − · =x− =x− =
4 100 400 16 16
Given that the man is able to buy 1 kg more sugar for Rs. 120, we can express this
mathematically:

14
 The quantity of sugar he could buy at the original price is:
120
x
The quantity of sugar he can buy at the reduced price is:
120 120 · 16 1920 128
15x = = =
16
15x 15x x
According to the problem, the difference between the two quantities is 1 kg:
128 120
− =1
x x
This simplifies to:
128 − 120
=1
x
8
= 1 =⇒ x = 8
x
Thus, the original price of sugar is:
Original Price = Rs. 8 per kg
Now, calculating the reduced price:
15x 15 · 8 120
Reduced Price = = = = 7.5
16 16 16
Thus, the reduced price of sugar is:
Reduced Price = Rs. 7.5 per kg
In summary, the original and reduced prices of sugar are:
Original Price = Rs. 8 per kg
Reduced Price = Rs. 7.5 per kg
42. A gold bracelet is sold for Rs. 14500 at a loss of 20%. What is the cost price
of the gold bracelet?
Solution: We know that SP = Rs.14500 and Loss% = 20. We have
100
CP = × SP
100 − Loss%
Therefore,
100 × 14500 100 × 14500
CP = = = Rs.18125
100 − 20 80
43. A dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price but uses a weight
of 960 gms for a kg weight. Find his gain percent.
Solution: We know that 1 kg = 1000 gms. Then
Error = T rue value − f ake value = 1000 − 960 = 40
Then,
 
Error 40 × 100 400
Gain% = × 100 % = = = 4.17%
T rue V alue − Error 960 96

15
44. If m : n = 3 : 2, then find the ratio (4m + 5n) : (4m − 5n).
Solution: Since m : n = 3 : 2, we have m
n
= 32 . Then

4m + 5n
(4m + 5n) : (4m − 5n) =
4m − 5n
4m
n
+5
= m
4n −5
4 × 32 + 5
=
4 × 32 − 5
6+5 11
= =
6−5 1
= 11 : 1.

45. What must be added to each term of the ratio 7 : 11 so as to make it equal to
3 : 4?
Solution: Let x be the required term. Then,
7+x 3
= ⇒ 28 + 4x = 33 + 3x ⇒ x = 5
11 + x 4

46. A, B and C took a house on rent for Rs. 13824. They remained together for
4 months and then C left the house. After 5 more months, B also left the
house. How much rent should each pay?
Solution: A, B, C took a house on rent for one year (12 months) for Rs. 13824. So,
monthly rent is
13824
Rs. = Rs.1152
12
Since they remained together for the first 4 months, they have to contribute equally and
hence 4 months rent is Rs.1152 × 4 = Rs.4608. Then,
4608
Amount each has to pay = Rs. = Rs.1536
3
Now, C has left the house after 4 months but B and A stays together for 5 more months.
Thus, 5 months rent is Rs.1152 × 5 = Rs.5760. Thus,
5760
Amount both A and B has to pay = Rs. = Rs.2880
2
Again, B left the house, then 3 more months rent has to be paid by A only which amounts
to Rs.1152 × 3 = Rs.3456. Therefore, the total rent each has to pay is as follows:

Total rent money A has to pay = Rs.(1536 + 2880 + 3456) = Rs.7872

Total rent money B has to pay = Rs.(1536 + 2880) = Rs.4416
Total rent money C has to pay = Rs.1536.

47. A sum invested at 5% simple interest per annum grows to Rs. 504 in 4 years.
How much would it amount in 2 and a half years for the same amount at 10%?
Solution: Let the principal amount be P .

16
 Step 1: Find the Principal Amount Using the simple interest formula, the amount A can
be expressed as:
P ·r·t
A=P+
100
Given that the amount after 4 years at 5% interest is Rs. 504, we can write:
P ·5·4
504 = P +
100
This simplifies to:
20P
504 = P + = P + 0.2P = 1.2P
100
Now, solving for P :
504
P = = 420
1.2
Step 2: Calculate Amount at 10% Interest for 2.5 Years Now, we need to find the amount
for the same principal P = Rs. 420 at 10% interest for 2.5 years.
Using the simple interest formula again:
P ·r·t
A=P+
100
Substituting the values:
420 · 10 · 2.5
A = 420 +
100
Calculating the interest:
420 · 25 10500
A = 420 + = 420 + = 420 + 105 = 525
100 100
Thus, the amount after 2.5 years at 10% is:

Amount = Rs. 525

48. A sum of money becomes Rs. 13380 after 3 years and Rs. 20070 after 6 years
on compound interest. Find the sum.
Solution: Let the principal amount be P and the rate of interest be r% per annum.
Step 1: Set Up the Compound Interest Formulas. The formula for compound interest is
given by:  r t
A=P 1+
100
Using the information provided:
1. After 3 years, the amount is Rs. 13380:
 r 3
13380 = P 1 + (1)
100
2. After 6 years, the amount is Rs. 20070:
 r 6
20070 = P 1 + (2)
100

17
 Step 2: Divide the Two Equations Now, we can divide equation (2) by equation (1):
r 6


20070 P 1+ 100
=
13380 r 3


P 1+ 100

This simplifies to:

20070  r 6−3  r 3
= 1+ = 1+
13380 100 100
Step 3: Calculate the Left Side Calculating the left side:
20070
= 1.5
13380
So, we have:  r 3
1.5 = 1 +
100
r 3


Step 4: Substitute for 1 + 100
in equation (1) to solve for P. We have
 r 3
13380 = P 1 +
100
= 1.5P
133800
⇒P =
15
= 8920

Thus, the sum (principal amount) is:

Sum = Rs. 8920

2 Solutions to PP from Unit II

1. A cistern can be filled by pipes A and B in 4 hours and 6 hours respectively.
When full, the cistern can be emptied by pipe C in 8 hours. If all the pipes
were turned on at the same time, in how much time will the cistern be filled?
Solution: Let the capacity of the cistern be 1 unit (i.e., fully filled = 1 unit).

• Pipe A can fill the cistern in 4 hours, so the rate of filling by A is:
1
units/hour.
4
• Pipe B can fill the cistern in 6 hours, so the rate of filling by B is:
1
units/hour.
6
• Pipe C can empty the cistern in 8 hours, so the rate of emptying by C is:
1
− units/hour.
8

18
 When all pipes are turned on together, the net rate at which the cistern is being filled is
the sum of the rates of pipes A, B, and C:
1 1 1
Net rate = + − .
4 6 8
To find a common denominator, we use the least common multiple (LCM) of 4, 6, and
8, which is 24:
1 6 1 4 1 3
= , = , = .
4 24 6 24 8 24
Therefore, the net rate is:
6 4 3 7
+ − = .
24 24 24 24
7
Thus, the cistern is being filled at a rate of 24 units per hour.
To find the time t required to fill the cistern, we solve the equation:
7
× t = 1.
24
Solving for t, we get:
24
t= hours.
7
24
Therefore, the cistern will be filled in 7
hours, or 3 37 hours.
2. A tap can fill a tank in 10 minutes and another can empty it in 6 minutes. If
the tank is already two-fifths full and both the taps are opened together, will
the tank be filled or emptied? How long will it take before the tank is either
filled completely or emptied completely, as the case may be?
Solution: Let the capacity of the tank be 1 unit (i.e., fully filled = 1 unit).

• The filling tap can fill the tank in 10 minutes, so the rate of filling is:
1
units/min.
10
• The emptying tap can empty the tank in 6 minutes, so the rate of emptying is:
1
− units/min.
6
The initial amount of water in the tank is two-fifths full, so initially the tank has:
2
units of water.
5

When both taps are opened together, the net rate at which the tank is being filled (or
emptied) is the sum of the rates of the two taps:
1 1
Net rate = − .
10 6
To find a common denominator, we use the least common multiple (LCM) of 10 and 6,
which is 30:
1 3 1 5
= , = .
10 30 6 30
19
 Therefore, the net rate is:
3 5 2 1
− =− =− .
30 30 30 15
1
Thus, the tank is being emptied at a rate of 15 units per minute.
Since the tank is being emptied, it will eventually be emptied completely.
To find the time t it will take to empty the tank, we use the fact that the tank initially
1
has 25 units of water, and it is being emptied at a rate of 15 units per minute. We solve
the equation:
1 2
×t= .
15 5
Solving for t, we get:
2
t = × 15 = 6 minutes.
5
Therefore, the tank will be emptied completely in 6 minutes.

3. A cistern has two taps which fill it in 12 minutes and 15 minutes respectively.
There is also a waste pipe in the cistern. When all the three are opened,
the empty cistern is full in 20 minutes. How long will the waste pipe take to
empty the full cistern?
Solution: Let the capacity of the cistern be 1 unit (i.e., fully filled = 1 unit).

• The first filling tap can fill the cistern in 12 minutes, so the rate of filling by the
first tap is:
1
units/min.
12
• The second filling tap can fill the cistern in 15 minutes, so the rate of filling by the
second tap is:
1
units/min.
15
Let the rate of emptying by the waste pipe be x1 units per minute, where x is the time
(in minutes) it takes for the waste pipe to empty the cistern.
When all three are opened together, the net rate of filling the cistern is:
1 1 1
+ − .
12 15 x
We are given that when all three are opened, the cistern is filled in 20 minutes. This
means the net rate is also:
1
units/min.
20
Therefore, we have the equation:
1 1 1 1
+ − = .
12 15 x 20
1 1
To solve this, we first find the sum of 12 and 15 . The least common multiple (LCM) of
12 and 15 is 60:
1 5 1 4
= , = .
12 60 15 60
20
 So the sum is:
1 1 5 4 9 3
+ = + = = .
12 15 60 60 60 20
Substituting this into the equation, we get:
3 1 1
− = .
20 x 20
Solving for x1 :
3 1 1
− = ,
20 20 x
2 1
= ,
20 x
20
x= = 10.
2
Thus, the waste pipe will take 10 minutes to empty the full cistern.

4. Two pipes can fill a cistern in 14 hours and 16 hours respectively. The pipes
are opened simultaneously and it is found that due to leakage in the bottom
it took 32 minutes more to fill the cistern. When the cistern is full, in what
time will the leak empty it?
Solution: Let the capacity of the cistern be 1 unit (i.e., fully filled = 1 unit).

• The first pipe can fill the cistern in 14 hours, so the rate of filling by the first pipe
is:
1
units/hour.
14
• The second pipe can fill the cistern in 16 hours, so the rate of filling by the second
pipe is:
1
units/hour.
16
Let the rate at which the leak empties the cistern be x1 units per hour, where x is the
time (in hours) it takes for the leak to empty the cistern.
When both pipes are opened without the leak, the combined rate of filling the cistern is:
1 1
+ .
14 16
To find the sum, we take the least common multiple (LCM) of 14 and 16, which is 112:
1 8 1 7
= , = .
14 112 16 112
So the combined rate of the two pipes is:
8 7 15
+ = .
112 112 112
Thus, without the leak, the cistern would be filled in:
112
hours.
15
21
 However, due to the leak, it took 32 minutes longer to fill the cistern. Since 32 minutes
is 32
60
8
= 15 hours, the actual time taken to fill the cistern is:

112 8 120
+ = = 8 hours.
15 15 15

With the leak, the net rate of filling is:

1 1 1
+ − .
14 16 x
We know that this net rate filled the cistern in 8 hours, so:
 
1 1 1
+ − × 8 = 1.
14 16 x
15
Substituting the combined rate of the two pipes ( 112 ), we get:
 
15 1
− × 8 = 1,
112 x
15 1 1
− = .
112 x 8
Solving for x1 :
15 1 1
− = ,
112 8 x
15 14 1
− = ,
112 112 x
1 1
= ,
112 x
x = 112 hours.

Thus, the leak will empty the full cistern in 112 hours.

5. A water tank can be filled by pipes A and B in 8 hours and 6 hours respectively.
When full, the cistern can be emptied by pipe C in 5 hours. If all the pipes
were turned on at the same time, in how much time will the cistern be filled?
Solution: Let the capacity of the tank be 1 unit (i.e., fully filled = 1 unit).

• Pipe A can fill the tank in 8 hours, so the rate of filling by A is:
1
units/hour.
8
• Pipe B can fill the tank in 6 hours, so the rate of filling by B is:
1
units/hour.
6
• Pipe C can empty the tank in 5 hours, so the rate of emptying by C is:
1
− units/hour.
5
22
 When all the pipes are turned on together, the net rate at which the tank is being filled
is the sum of the rates of pipes A, B, and C:
1 1 1
Net rate = + − .
8 6 5
To find a common denominator, we use the least common multiple (LCM) of 8, 6, and
5, which is 120:
1 15 1 20 1 24
= , = , = .
8 120 6 120 5 120
Therefore, the net rate is:
15 20 24 11
+ − = .
120 120 120 120
11
Thus, the tank is being filled at a rate of 120 units per hour.
To find the time t required to fill the tank, we solve the equation:
11
× t = 1.
120
Solving for t, we get:
120
t= hours.
11
120 10
Therefore, the tank will be filled in 11
hours, or 10 11 hours.

6. If Roger can do a piece of work in 8 days and Antony can complete the same
work in 5 days, in how many days will both of them together complete it?
Solution: Let the total amount of work be 1 unit (i.e., fully completed work = 1 unit).

• Roger can complete the work in 8 days, so Roger’s rate of work is:
1
units/day.
8
• Antony can complete the work in 5 days, so Antony’s rate of work is:
1
units/day.
5
When both Roger and Antony work together, their combined rate of work is:
1 1
+ .
8 5
To find the sum, we take the least common multiple (LCM) of 8 and 5, which is 40:
1 5 1 8
= , = .
8 40 5 40
Thus, their combined rate of work is:
5 8 13
+ = .
40 40 40
13
Therefore, Roger and Antony together can complete 40
units of work per day.

23
 Let t be the number of days they will take to complete the work together. We know that
their combined rate of work is 13
40
units per day, and they need to complete 1 unit of work.
Thus, we solve the equation:
13
× t = 1.
40
Solving for t, we get:
40
t= days.
13
40 1
Therefore, both Roger and Antony together will complete the work in 13
days, or 3 13
days.

7. A and B together can complete a piece of work in 15 days and B alone in 20

days. In how many days can A alone complete the work?
Solution: Let the total amount of work be 1 unit (i.e., fully completed work = 1 unit).

• A and B together can complete the work in 15 days, so their combined rate of work
is:
1
units/day.
15
• B alone can complete the work in 20 days, so B’s rate of work is:
1
units/day.
20
Let the number of days that A alone would take to complete the work be x. Then A’s
rate of work is:
1
units/day.
x
Since A and B together can complete the work in 15 days, the combined rate of A and
B is the sum of their individual rates of work:
1 1 1
+ = .
x 20 15
To solve for x1 , we subtract 1
20
from both sides:

1 1 1
= − .
x 15 20
To subtract the fractions, we find the least common multiple (LCM) of 15 and 20, which
is 60:
1 4 1 3
= , = .
15 60 20 60
Thus, we have:
1 4 3 1
= − = .
x 60 60 60
Therefore:
x = 60.

Thus, A alone can complete the work in 60 days.

24
8. A can do a work in 4 days, B in 5 days and C in 10 days. Find the time taken
by A, B and C to do the work together.
Solution: Let the total amount of work be 1 unit (i.e., fully completed work = 1 unit).

• A can complete the work in 4 days, so A’s rate of work is:

1
units/day.
4
• B can complete the work in 5 days, so B’s rate of work is:
1
units/day.
5
• C can complete the work in 10 days, so C’s rate of work is:
1
units/day.
10
When A, B, and C work together, their combined rate of work is the sum of their
individual rates:
1 1 1
+ + .
4 5 10
To find the sum, we take the least common multiple (LCM) of 4, 5, and 10, which is 20:
1 5 1 4 1 2
= , = , = .
4 20 5 20 10 20
Thus, their combined rate of work is:
5 4 2 11
+ + = .
20 20 20 20
11
Therefore, A, B, and C together can complete 20
units of work per day.
Let t be the number of days it takes them to complete the work together. Since their
combined rate is 11
20
units per day and they need to complete 1 unit of work, we solve the
equation:
11
× t = 1.
20
Solving for t, we get:
20
t= days.
11
20 9
Therefore, A, B, and C together will complete the work in 11
days, or 1 11 day.

9. 12 men can do a piece of work in 24 days. How many days will it take for 8
men to do the same work?
Solution: Let the total amount of work be 1 unit (i.e., fully completed work = 1 unit).
The amount of work done is proportional to the number of men and the number of
days they work. The relationship between the number of men and the time required to
complete the work is inversely proportional. This means that if fewer men are working,
it will take more days to complete the work.

25
 The total amount of work can be expressed as:

Work = Number of Men × Number of Days.

For the 12 men working for 24 days, the total work done is:

12 × 24 = 288 man-days.

Now, let t be the number of days it will take for 8 men to complete the same amount of
work. The work done by 8 men over t days is:

8 × t = 288.

Solving for t:
288
t= = 36 days.
8
Therefore, it will take 8 men 36 days to complete the same work.

10. A is twice as good a workman as B and together they finish a piece of work
in 18 days. In how many days will A alone finish the work?
Solution: Let the amount of work done by B in one day be x units. Since A is twice as
good a workman as B, the amount of work done by A in one day will be 2x units.
The combined work done by A and B in one day is:

A + B = 2x + x = 3x units/day.

Given that A and B together can finish the work in 18 days, the total amount of work
(1 unit) can be expressed as:

Total Work = Rate × Time = 3x × 18 = 54x.

Since the total work is 1 unit, we have:

1
54x = 1 =⇒ x = .
54

Now, the work done by A in one day is:

1 2 1
2x = 2 × = = .
54 54 27

Let t be the number of days A will take to complete the work alone. The total work done
by A can be expressed as:
A × t = 1.
Substituting A’s rate:
1
× t = 1.
27
Solving for t:
t = 27 days.

Therefore, A alone will finish the work in 27 days.

26
11. A can complete a work in 10 days, B in 12 days and C in 15 days. All of
them began the work together, but A had to leave the work after 2 days of
the start and B, 3 days before the completion of the work. How long did the
work last?
Solution: Let the total amount of work be 1 unit (i.e., fully completed work = 1 unit).

• A can complete the work in 10 days, so A’s rate of work is:

1
units/day.
10
• B can complete the work in 12 days, so B’s rate of work is:
1
units/day.
12
• C can complete the work in 15 days, so C’s rate of work is:
1
units/day.
15
Let t be the total number of days the work lasted.
Step 1: Calculate Work Done by A, B, and C in the First 2 Days
In the first 2 days, all three worked together:
 
1 1 1
Work done in 2 days = (A + B + C) × 2 = + + × 2.
10 12 15

To find the sum, we take the least common multiple (LCM) of 10, 12, and 15, which is
60:
1 6 1 5 1 4
= , = , = .
10 60 12 60 15 60
So, the total work done in 2 days is:
 
6 5 4 15 30 1
+ + ×2= ×2= = .
60 60 60 60 60 2

Step 2: Remaining Work After 2 Days

The remaining work after 2 days is:
1 1
1− = .
2 2

Step 3: Calculate Work Done by C alone for the last 3 days

For the last 3 days, C works alone and hence
1 1
C’s 3 days work = ×3=
15 5
So, the remaining for for B and C when they work together is
 
1 1 7 3
1− + =1− =
2 5 10 10

27
 Step 4: Work Done by B and C
The combined rate of B and C is:
1 1
B+C = + .
12 15
Finding the LCM of 12 and 15, which is 60:
1 5 1 4
= , = .
12 60 15 60
Thus, their combined rate is:
5 4 9 3
+ = = units/day.
60 60 60 20
Now,
3
B and C 1 days’ work =
20
10 3 10
B and C days’ work = ×
3 20 3
1
=
2
So, in 2 days, B and C finish the remaining work together. Therefore, the total duration
of the work lasted (2 + 3 + 2) = 7 days.

12. How many minutes does Aditya take to cover a distance of 400 m, if he runs
at a speed of 20 km/hr?
Solution: First, we need to convert the speed from kilometers per hour to meters per
second.
1 kilometer = 1000 meters, and 1 hour = 3600 seconds. Thus,

20 km/hr × 1000 m/km 20000 50

Speed in m/s = = = m/s.
3600 s/hr 3600 9

Next, we use the formula for time, which is given by:

Distance
Time = .
Speed

Substituting the known values:

400 m × 9
Time = 72 s.
50 m/s

Now, we convert the time from seconds to minutes:

72 s 12 1
Time in minutes = = 1 minutes = 1 minutes.
60 60 5

Thus, Aditya takes 1 15 minutes to cover a distance of 400 m.

28
13. Peter can cover a certain distance in 1 hr. 24 min. by covering two-third of
the distance at 4 kmph and the rest at 5 kmph. Find the total distance.
Solution: First, we convert the total time taken into hours.
1 hour 24 minutes can be converted as follows:
24 min
1 hr + = 1 + 0.4 = 1.4 hours.
60
Let the total distance be D km. According to the problem, Peter covers two-thirds of
the distance at 4 km/h and one-third at 5 km/h.

2
Distance covered at 4 km/h = D,
3
1
Distance covered at 5 km/h = D.
3
Now, we calculate the time taken to cover each part of the distance.
Time taken to cover 23 D at 4 km/h:
2
Distance D 2D D
Time1 = = 3 = = hours.
Speed 4 12 6

Time taken to cover 31 D at 5 km/h:

1
Distance 3
D 1D
Time2 = = = hours.
Speed 5 15

The total time taken is the sum of the two times:

D D
Total Time = Time1 + Time2 = + .
6 15
To add these fractions, we find the least common multiple (LCM) of 6 and 15, which is
30:
D 5D D 2D
= , = .
6 30 15 30
Thus, the total time can be expressed as:
5D 2D 7D
Total Time = + = .
30 30 30
Given that the total time taken is 1.4 hours, we set up the equation:
7D
= 1.4.
30
To solve for D, we multiply both sides by 30:
7D = 1.4 × 30 = 42.

Now, divide by 7:
42
D= = 6 km.
7
Thus, the total distance covered by Peter is 6 km.

29
14. How many minutes does John take to cover a distance of 700 m, if he runs at
a speed of 18 km/hr?
Solution: First, we need to convert the speed from kilometers per hour to meters per
second.
1 kilometer = 1000 meters, and 1 hour = 3600 seconds. Thus,

18 km/hr × 1000 m/km 18000

Speed in m/s = = = 5 m/s.
3600 s/hr 3600

Next, we use the formula for time, which is given by:

Distance
Time = .
Speed

Substituting the known values:

700 m
Time = = 140 s.
5 m/s

Now, we convert the time from seconds to minutes:

140 s 1
Time in minutes = = 2 minutes.
60 3

Thus, John takes approximately 2 13 minutes to cover a distance of 700 m.

15. An aeroplane started 30 minutes later than the scheduled time from a place
1500 km away from its destination. To reach the destination at the scheduled
time the pilot had to increase the speed by 250 km/hr. What was the speed
of the aeroplane per hour during the journey?
Solution: Let the original speed of the aeroplane be x km/hr. The time taken to cover
the distance at this speed is given by:
Distance 1500
Time = = hours.
Speed x

Since the aeroplane started 30 minutes (or 0.5 hours) late, the actual time available to
reach the destination on schedule is:
1500
− 0.5 hours.
x

When the pilot increases the speed by 250 km/hr, the new speed becomes:

x + 250 km/hr.

The time taken to cover the same distance at the new speed is:
1500
New Time = hours.
x + 250

30
 To arrive on time, the time taken at the new speed must equal the time available:
1500 1500
= − 0.5.
x + 250 x

Now, we solve this equation. First, we eliminate the fractions by multiplying through by
x(x + 250):
1500x = 1500(x + 250) − 0.5x(x + 250).

Expanding and simplifying:

1500x = 1500x + 375000 − 0.5x2 − 125x.

This simplifies to:

0 = 375000 − 0.5x2 − 125x.
Rearranging gives:
0.5x2 + 125x − 375000 = 0.
Multiplying through by 2 to eliminate the fraction:

x2 + 250x − 750000 = 0.

Then,

x2 + 250x − 750000 = 0
x2 + 1000x − 750x − 750000 = 0
x(x + 1000) − 750(x + 1000) = 0
(x − 750)(x + 1000) = 0

Calculating the two possible values:

1500
x= = 750 (positive speed),
2
−2000
x= = −1000 (not feasible).
2
Thus, x = 750 km/hr. Hence, the speed of the aeroplane during the journey was:

(750 + 250) km/hr = 1000 km/hr.

16. A fast train takes 3 hours less than a slow train for a journey of 600 km. If
the speed of the slow train is 10 km/hr less than that of the fast train, then
find the speeds of the two trains.
Solution: Let the speed of the fast train be x km/hr. Then, the speed of the slow train
is:
x − 10 km/hr.

The time taken by the fast train to cover 600 km is:

600
Timefast = hours.
x

31
 The time taken by the slow train to cover the same distance is:
600
Timeslow = hours.
x − 10

According to the problem, the fast train takes 3 hours less than the slow train:
600 600
− = 3.
x − 10 x

Now, we solve this equation. First, we eliminate the fractions by multiplying through by
x(x − 10):
600x − 600(x − 10) = 3x(x − 10).
Expanding both sides:
600x − 600x + 6000 = 3x2 − 30x.
This simplifies to:
6000 = 3x2 − 30x.
Rearranging gives:
3x2 − 30x − 6000 = 0.
Dividing through by 3:
x2 − 10x − 2000 = 0.

Now, by splitting the middle term, we have:

x2 − 10x − 2000 = 0
x2 − 50x + 40x − 2000 = 0
x(x − 50) + 40(x − 50) = 0
(x − 50)(x + 40) = 0

Calculating the two possible values:

x = 50 (positive speed),

x = −40 (not feasible).

Thus, the speed of the fast train is:

x = 50 km/hr.

The speed of the slow train is:

x − 10 = 50 − 10 = 40 km/hr.

17. A man takes 3 hours 45 minutes to row a boat 15 km downstream of a river

and 2 hours 30 minutes to cover a distance of 5 km upstream. Find the speed
of the river current in km/hr.
Solution: Let the speed of the man in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the river
current be y km/hr.

32
When rowing downstream, the effective speed of the boat is:

Speeddownstream = x + y.

The time taken to row downstream 15 km is:

45
Timedownstream = 3 hr + 45 min = 3 + = 3.75 hours.
60

Using the formula for time:

Distance 15
Time = =⇒ 3.75 = .
Speed x+y
Rearranging gives:
15
15 = 3.75(x + y) =⇒ x + y = = 4 km/hr. (1)
3.75

When rowing upstream, the effective speed of the boat is:

Speedupstream = x − y.

The time taken to row upstream 5 km is:

30
Timeupstream = 2 hr + 30 min = 2 + = 2.5 hours.
60

Using the formula for time:

Distance 5
Time = =⇒ 2.5 = .
Speed x−y
Rearranging gives:
5
5 = 2.5(x − y) =⇒ x − y = = 2 km/hr. (2)
2.5
We now have the system of equations:

x + y = 4 (1)
x − y = 2 (2)

Adding equations (1) and (2):

(x + y) + (x − y) = 4 + 2 =⇒ 2x = 6 =⇒ x = 3 km/hr.

Now substituting x = 3 into equation (1):

3 + y = 4 =⇒ y = 1 km/hr.

Thus, the speed of the river current is:

1 km/hr .

33
18. A man can row 6 km/hr in still water. It takes him twice as long to row up
as to row down the river. Find the rate of stream.
Solution: Let the speed of the stream be y km/hr.
- Speed downstream:
Speeddownstream = 6 + y km/hr.

- Speed upstream:
Speedupstream = 6 − y km/hr.
Let d be the distance rowed. The time taken to row downstream is:
d
Timedownstream = .
6+y

The time taken to row upstream is:

d
Timeupstream = .
6−y

According to the problem, the time taken to row upstream is twice the time taken to row
downstream:
d d
=2· .
6−y 6+y
Since d is common in both terms, we can simplify the equation:
1 2
= .
6−y 6+y

Cross-multiplying gives:
6 + y = 2(6 − y).
Expanding the equation:
6 + y = 12 − 2y.
Rearranging gives:
y + 2y = 12 − 6 =⇒ 3y = 6 =⇒ y = 2.

Thus, the rate of the stream is:

2 km/hr .

19. A man can row 15 2

kmph in still water. If in a river running at 1.5 km an
hour, it takes him 50 minutes to row to a place and back, how far off is the
place?
Solution: Let the distance to the place be d km.
- Speed of the man in still water:
15
Speedman = km/hr = 7.5 km/hr.
2

- Speed of the river (current):

Speedcurrent = 1.5 km/hr.

34
- Speed downstream (rowing with the current):

Speeddownstream = 7.5 + 1.5 = 9 km/hr.

- Speed upstream (rowing against the current):

Speedupstream = 7.5 − 1.5 = 6 km/hr.

The total time taken for the round trip is given as 50 minutes, which is:
50 5
Total time = hours = hours.
60 6

The time taken to row to the place downstream is:

d
Timedownstream = hours.
9

The time taken to row back upstream is:

d
Timeupstream = hours.
6

The equation for the total time for the round trip is:
d d 5
+ = .
9 6 6

To solve this equation, we first find a common denominator for the fractions. The least
common multiple of 9 and 6 is 18. Thus, we can rewrite the equation:
2d 3d 5
+ = .
18 18 6
This simplifies to:
5d 5
= .
18 6
Now, we multiply both sides by 18 to eliminate the fraction:
5
5d = 18 · .
6
Calculating the right side:
15
5d = 15 =⇒ d = = 3.
5
Thus, the distance to the place is:
3 km .

35
20. A boat goes 8 km upstream and then returns. Total time taken is 4 hrs 16
minutes. If the velocity of current is 1 km/hr, find the actual velocity of the
boat.
Solution: Let the actual velocity of the boat in still water be v km/hr.
- Upstream Speed:
Speedupstream = v − 1 km/hr (current slows the boat).

- Downstream Speed:
Speeddownstream = v + 1 km/hr (current aids the boat).
The distance covered upstream and downstream is 8 km. The time taken to go upstream
is:
8
Timeupstream = hours.
v−1
The time taken to return downstream is:
8
Timedownstream = hours.
v+1
The total time taken for the round trip is given as:
16 64
4 hr + 16 min = 4 + = hours.
60 15
Thus, we have the equation:
8 8 64
+ = .
v−1 v+1 15
Multiplying through by 15(v − 1)(v + 1) to eliminate the denominators:
15 · 8(v + 1) + 15 · 8(v − 1) = 64(v − 1)(v + 1).

This simplifies to:

120(v + 1) + 120(v − 1) = 64(v 2 − 1).

Combining terms on the left:

120v + 120 + 120v − 120 = 64v 2 − 64.
Thus:
240v = 64v 2 − 64.

Rearranging gives:
64v 2 − 240v − 64 = 0.
8v 2 − 30v − 8 = 0
Thus,
8v 2 − 30v − 8 = 0
8v 2 − 32v + 2v − 8 = 0
8v(v − 4) + 2(v − 4) = 0
(8v + 2)(v − 4) = 0

36
 Calculating the two possible values:
v = 4 (positive speed),
v = −0.25 (not feasible).
Thus, the actual velocity of the boat is:
4 km/hr .

21. A boatman rows 1 km in 5 minutes, along the stream and 6 km in 1 hour

against the stream. Find the speed of the stream.
Solution: Let the speed of the boat in still water be v km/hr and the speed of the stream
be y km/hr.
The speed along the stream can be calculated as:
Speeddownstream = v + y.

Given that the boatman rows 1 km in 5 minutes, we convert the time into hours:
5 1
5 minutes = hours = hours.
60 12
Using the formula for speed:
Distance 1
Speeddownstream = = 1 = 12 km/hr.
Time 12

Thus, we have the equation:

v + y = 12. (1)
The speed against the stream is given by:
Speedupstream = v − y.

The boatman rows 6 km in 1 hour:

6
Speedupstream = = 6 km/hr.
1
Thus, we have the equation:
v − y = 6. (2)
We now have the system of equations:
v + y = 12 (1)
v − y = 6 (2)

Adding equations (1) and (2):

(v + y) + (v − y) = 12 + 6 =⇒ 2v = 18 =⇒ v = 9 km/hr.

Now substituting v = 9 into equation (1):

9 + y = 12 =⇒ y = 3 km/hr.

Thus, the speed of the stream is:

3 km/hr .

37
3 Problems and solutions for UNIT III
1. Construct a table representing the following statement:
A small company conducted a survey among its 50 employees about their work prefer-
ences: Among 10 employees from Sales, 6 prefer the Morning Shift, 4 prefer the Evening
shift, 7 prefer to work from home, and 3 have more than 5 years of experience. Among
15 employees from Marketing, 10 prefer the morning shift, 5 prefer the evening shift, 8
prefer to work from home, and 5 have more than 5 years of experience. Again, among 20
employees from IT, 14 prefer the morning shift, 6 prefer the evening shift, 12 prefer to
work from home and 10 have more than 5 years of experience. Lastly, among 5 employees
from HR, all of them prefer the morning shift, none prefer to work from home, and 2
have more than 5 years of experience.
Solution:

Department Total Morning Evening Work from More than 5

Employ- Shift Shift Home Years of Expe-
ees rience
Sales 10 6 4 7 3
Marketing 15 10 5 8 5
IT 20 14 6 12 10
HR 5 5 0 0 2

Table 1: Employee Work Preferences by Department

2. Draw a bar graph from the following table:

District Number of Male Teachers

A 200
B 400
C 800
D 100
E 500
F 300

Table 2: Number of Male Teachers by District

Solution: Bar Graph of Number of Male Teachers in Each District is given below:

38
 800
800

Number of Male Teachers 600

500
400
400
300
200
200
100

0
A B C D E F
District

Figure 1: Number of Male Teachers in Each District

3. Given below is the distribution of IQ of 100 students. Compute the cumulative frequency:

IQ Range Frequency
75-84 8
85-94 11
95-104 26
105-114 31
115-124 18
125-134 4
135-144 2

Table 3: Frequency table of IQ Distribution of 100 Students

Solution: Cumulative Frequency Table of IQ Distribution is given below: OR

IQ Range Frequency Cumulative Frequency

75-84 8 8
85-94 11 19
95-104 26 45
105-114 31 76
115-124 18 94
125-134 4 98
135-144 2 100

Table 4: Cumulative Frequency of IQ Distribution of 100 Students

However, we can begin by making the class interval continuous, meaning there is no gap
between the numbers, i.e., 75–84, 85–94, should be written as 74.5–84.5, 84.5-94.5 (see
that the upper class 84 and the next lower class 85 has a gap of 1 class). Therefore:

39
 IQ Range Frequency Cumulative Frequency
74.5-84.5 8 8
84.5-94.5 11 19
94.5-104.5 26 45
104.5-114.5 31 76
114.5-124.5 18 94
124.5-134.5 4 98
134.5-144.5 2 100

Table 5: Cumulative Frequency of IQ Distribution of 100 Students

Note: To compute cumulative frequency, first see the class intervals are arranged in
descending or ascending order (lowest to highest down the table, or, highest to lowest
down the table), then add up the frequencies beginning from the lowest class interval.
That is to say, if it the lowest class interval has frequency 8, then start with that. First,
we take 8 as it is, then from the next step, add the next frequency with 8, meaning if 11
is the next frequency, 8 + 11 = 19, then from that result add on the next frequency and
repeat till the end.
4. Study the following table and answer the questions that follow:

Department Total No. of Employees Percentage of Females Percentage of Males

IT 840 45% 55%
Accounts 220 35% 65%
Production 900 23% 77%
Marketing 450 44% 56%

Table 6: Distribution of Employees by Department and Gender

(a) What is the respective ratio of the number of females in the Production department
to the number of females in the Marketing department?
(b) The total number of employees in the Accounts department forms approximately
what percentage of the total number of employees in the IT department?
(c) What is the total number of males in the Marketing and Accounts departments
together?

Solution:
(a) The number of females in the Production department:
23
900 × = 207
100
The number of females in the Marketing department:
44
450 × = 198
100
Therefore, the respective ratio of the number of females in the Production depart-
ment to the number of females in the Marketing department is:
207 198
207 : 198 = : = 23 : 22
9 9
40
 (b) The total number of employees in the Accounts department as a percentage of the
total number of employees in the IT department is:
220
× 100 ≈ 26.19%
840
Therefore, the Accounts department forms approximately 26% of the IT department.
(c) The number of males in the Marketing department:
56
450 × = 252
100
The number of males in the Accounts department:
65
220 × = 143
100
Therefore, the total number of males in the Marketing and Accounts departments
together is:
252 + 143 = 395

5. Given below is the distribution of IQ of 80 students.

IQ Range Frequency
5-9 2
10-14 12
15-19 27
20-24 10
25-29 20
30-34 5
35-39 4

Table 7: Distribution of IQ of 80 Students

(a) Compute the cumulative frequency.

(b) Draw the cumulative frequency distribution of less than type.

Solution:

(a) The cumulative frequency for each IQ range is computed as follows:

IQ Range Frequency Cumulative Frequency

5-9 2 2
10-14 12 14
15-19 27 41
20-24 10 51
25-29 20 71
30-34 5 76
35-39 4 80

Table 8: Cumulative Frequency Distribution of IQ of 80 Students

41
 (b) The cumulative frequency distribution of the “less than” type is as follows:

IQ (Less Than) Cumulative Frequency

Less than 10 2
Less than 15 14
Less than 20 41
Less than 25 51
Less than 30 71
Less than 35 76
Less than 40 80

Table 9: Cumulative Frequency Distribution (Less Than Type)

Also, apart from the question, the cumulative frequency distribution of the less than
type can be shown in the following graph (no need to show this if not asked):

80
Cumulative Frequency

60

40

20

0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
IQ (less than)

Figure 2: Cumulative Frequency Distribution of IQ (Less Than Type)

Note: If asked for “more than type,” we write it from the largest class interval,
then down the table till the smallest class.
6. A man with a monthly salary of 10800 INR plans his budget for a month as given below:
Item Amount (INR)
Food 3150
Rent 2100
Education 1950
Savings 2400
Miscellaneous 1200
Represent the above data by a pie chart.
Solution: To represent the budget data as a pie chart, we first calculate the percentage
of the total salary each category represents. The total salary is 10800 INR, and the
amounts for each item are given. We can calculate their percentage as below:

42
 3150
Food percentage = × 100 = 29.17%
10800

2100
Rent percentage = × 100 = 19.44%
10800

1950
Education percentage = × 100 = 18.06%
10800

2400
Savings percentage = × 100 = 22.22%
10800

1200
Miscellaneous percentage = × 100 = 11.11%
10800
or, in terms of degree as given below:
 ◦
3150
Food = × 360 = 105◦
10800

 ◦
2100
Rent = × 360 = 70◦
10800
 ◦
1950
Education = × 360 = 65◦
10800
 ◦
2400
Savings = × 360 = 80◦
10800
 ◦
1200
Miscellaneous = × 360 = 40◦
10800
The following is a representation in pie chart:

Figure 3: Pie Chart representation of the monthly budget

Note: It is better to do it as the second method, which is to calculate as degree. So, we

need compass, pencil and protractor to draw a pie
◦ chart. If the data is represented as
percentage, then, calculate percentage
100
given
× 360 .

43
7. Given below is the distribution of IQ of 80 students.

IQ Range Frequency
5−9 2
10 − 14 12
15 − 19 27
20 − 24 10
25 − 29 20
30 − 34 5
35 − 39 4
Compute the cumulative frequency and draw the cumulative frequency distribution of
both less than and more than types.
Solution: We are given the frequency distribution for the IQ scores of 80 students. To
calculate the cumulative frequency, we add the frequencies progressively.

Cumulative Frequency:

IQ Range Frequency Cumulative Frequency

5−9 2 2
10 − 14 12 2 + 12 = 14
15 − 19 27 14 + 27 = 41
20 − 24 10 41 + 10 = 51
25 − 29 20 51 + 20 = 71
30 − 34 5 71 + 5 = 76
35 − 39 4 76 + 4 = 80

Thus, the cumulative frequency (less than type) is given below:

IQ Range Cumulative Frequency (less than type)

Less than 10 2
Less than 15 14
Less than 20 41
Less than 25 51
Less than 30 71
Less than 35 76
Less than 40 80

Next, we calculate the cumulative frequency for the more than type. For the “more than”
cumulative frequency, we subtract the cumulative frequency from the total number of
students (80) for each class.

Cumulative Frequency (More Than Type):

44
 IQ Range Cumulative Frequency (More Than Type)
More than 35 4
More than 30 9
More than 25 29
More than 20 39
More than 15 66
More than 10 78
More than 5 80

Thus, the cumulative frequency (more than type) is: Using these cumulative frequencies,
we can plot the cumulative frequency distribution for both “less than” and “more than”
types.

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

80 Less Than Type

70 More Than Type
Cumulative Frequency

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
IQ Range

Interpretation of the Plot:

- The blue line represents the “Less Than Type” cumulative frequency, which is plotted
against the upper limits of each IQ range. - The red line represents the “More Than
Type” cumulative frequency, which is plotted against the lower limits of each IQ range.
This plot visually demonstrates the cumulative distribution of IQ scores among the stu-
dents.

Note: For plotting the graph, pie chart or bar graph, always use pencil. To do this, you may
need pencil, scale, compass, and protractor. When plotting cumulative frequency for more
than or less than type, follow the instruction below:

• Draw horizontal line and vertical line intersecting each other perpendicularly, or, draw
XY-axis.

• Label the scale on X and Y axis, then plot the data as points.

• Connect the points using scale in a straight line between two points.

45
4 Problems based on UNIT III
1. During the medical check-up of 35 students of a class, their weights were recorded as
follows:
Weight (in kg) No. of Students
38-40 3
40-42 2
42-44 4
44-46 5
46-48 14
48-50 4
50-52 3

Table 10: Cumulative Frequency Table for Weights of Students

Draw a less than and more than type from the given data.

2. A survey regarding the heights (in cm) of 50 girls in a class was conducted, and the
following data was obtained:

Height (in cm) Number of Girls

140-145 5
145-150 8
150-155 12
155-160 10
160-165 8
165-170 5
170-175 2

Table 11: Distribution of Heights of 50 Girls

Calculate the cumulative frequency. Also, draw a bar graph and pie chart for the given
data.

3. Given below is the result of an annual examination of a class, showing the percentage of
students in each category.

First Division Second Division Third Division Failed

25% 45% 20% 10%

Represent the above data by a pie chart.

4. The following data shows the agricultural production in India during a certain year.

Food grain Rice Wheat Coarse cereals Pulses

Production (in tons) 57 76 38 19

Draw a pie chart to represent the above data.

46