Solution

IMP QUESTIONS SERIES INTEGRATION

Class 12 - Mathematics
1. Let I = ∫ √1 + sin2xdx. Then,

⇒ I=∫ √sin2x + cos 2x + 2sinxcosxdx

⇒ I = ∫ (sinx + cosx)dx = ∫ sinxdx + ∫ cosxdx = − cosx + sinx + C

2. Let f(x) = log ( )

2−x
2+x

Then, f(-x) = log

( ) ( ) 2+x
2−x
= log
2−x
2+x
−1
= − log
( )
2−x
2+x
= − f(x)

f(-x) = -f(x)
∴ f(x) is an odd function of x.

a
But, we know that ∫ f(x)dx = 0, when f(x) is an odd function of x.
−a

ls
( )
1 2−x
∴ ∫ log 2+x
dx = 0

ria
−1
3. We proceed as follows:
e 6log e x − e 5log a x x6 − x5
∫ x dx = ∫ dx
e 4log e x − e 3log e x4 − x3
uto
= ∫ x 2dx
x3
= 3
+C

( sin 2x
)
eT

4. ∫ tan − 1 1 + cos 2x
dx

= ∫ tan − 1
( 2sin xcos x
2 ( cos x ) 2 ) dx
iqu

= ∫ tan − 1(tanx)dx
= ∫ x dx
x2
= + c,where c is constant of integration.
2
Un

x+1
5. ∫ x ( 1 − 2x ) dx = ∫
3
( 1
x
+
3
1 − 2x ) dx

= log |x| - 2
log |1 - 2x| + C
π/4
6. Let I = ∫ − π / 4 sin 3xdx
Consider, f(x) = sin3 x. Then, f(-x) = sin3(x)
= (-sin x)3 = -sin3 x = -f(x)
f(x) is an odd function.
⇒

Thus, the given integral is an odd function.

[ ]
a
∴ I = 0 ∫ f(x)dx = 0, iff(x)is an odd function
−a

7. We have,
1
∫ dx = ∫ a − xb − xdx
a xb x
( ab ) − x ( ab ) − x a − xb − x
= ∫ (ab) − xdx =
log e ( ab ) − 1
+c= − log e ( ab )
+c = + c where c is constant of integration.
− log e(ab)

1 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 2x + 3
8. Let I = ∫ dx
x 2 + 3x

Put x2 + 3x = t
⇒ (2x + 3)dx = dt

1
∴ I = ∫ t dt = log|t| + C

= log |(x2 + 3x)| + C

9. I = ∫
(
x 1 + x2
1

1
)
dx = ∫
( 1
x
−
x
1 + x2 ) dx

= log |x| - 2 log (1 + x2) + C

10. Clearly
1 2
I = ∫ 0 2x[x]dx + ∫ 1 2x[x]dx

1
= ∫ 0 2x × 0dx + ∫ 1 2x × 1dx ... [x] =

2
2
[ { 0,
1,
0≤x<1
1≤x<2 ]
= 0 + 2∫ 1 xdx

ls
|
2
x2
=2×
2

ria
1

=4-1
=3
x
uto
11. Let I = ∫ e x ⋅ dx
( x + 1 )2
x+1−1
⇒ I = ∫ ex dx
( x + 1 )2

{ }
eT

1 −1
=∫ e x + dx
x+1 (x + 1) 2
1 1
=∫ e x x + 1 dx − ∫ e x dx
( x + 1 )2
iqu

1 −1 ( −1)
= ex − ∫ e xdx + ∫ e x dx + C
x+1 ( x + 1 )2 ( x + 1 )2
1
I= x+1
ex + C

( )
Un

1 1 x
12. I = ∫ dx = ∫ x 1 + x2
dx
(
x 1 + x2 )
1
= log|x| - 2 (1 + x2) + C
13. 1 + 2x = t 2
2dx = 2tdt

1
2 (
∫ t 4 − t 2 dt = )
5
1
2 [ ] t5
5

3
−
t3
3
+C

( 1 + 2x ) 2 ( 1 + 2x ) 2
= 10
− 6
+C
cos 2x − cos 2α
14. ∫ cos x − cos α
dx

( 2cos x − 1 ) − ( 2cos α − 1 )
2 2

=∫ ( cos x − cos α )
dx

( 2cos x ) − ( 2cos α )
2 2

=∫ dx
( cos x − cos α )

2 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 (
2 cos 2 x − cos 2 α )
=∫ ( cos x − cos α )
dx
2 ( cos x + cos α ) ( cos x − cos α )
=∫ ( cos x − cos α )
dx
= ∫ 2(cosx + cosα) dx
= 2(sinx + xcosα) + c.
cos x
15. To find; ∫ dx
( 1 + sin x ) 2

Formula Used: ∫
dx
a2 + x2
=
1
a
tan − 1 ()
x
a
+C

Let y = sin x ...(i)

Differentiating both sides, we get
dy =cos x dx
Substituting in given equation,
dy
⇒ ∫
1 + y2

⇒ tan-1 y

ls
From (i)
tan-1 (sin x)
⇒

ria
Therefore,
cos x
∫ dx = tan-1 (sin x) + C
( 1 + sin 2 x )
uto
16. Let I = ∫ sin 2xdx.Then,
1 − cos 2x
I=∫ 2
dx

1 1
{ sin 2x
}
eT

= 2
∫ (1 − cos2x)dx = 2
x− 2
+C
x sin x
= 2 4
− +C
3 − 5sin x 3 5sinx
17. ∫ dx = ∫ − dx
iqu

cos 2
x cos 2x cos 2x
= 3∫ sec 2xdx
− 5∫ secxtanx dx
= 3 tan x – 5 sec x + C

( )
3−t 1
Un

18. Put (3 - 2x) = t so that x = 2

and dx = − 2 dt.

( 2 + 3x ) 1 [ ( )]
2+
9 − 3t
2
1 ( 13 − 3t )
∴ ∫ dt = − ∫ dt = − ∫ dt
( 3 − 2x ) 2 t 4 t
− 13 1 3 13 3
= 4
∫ t dt + 4 ∫ dt = − 4
log | t | + 4 t + C
13 3
= − 4
log | (3 − 2x) | + 4 (3 − 2x) + C [(3 - 2x) = t ]

19. Let x3 + 1 = t
3x2dx = dt
1 dt 1
3
∫ t
= 3
lnt + c
x2
( )
1
∫ dx = ln x 3 + 1 + c .
1 + x3 3

20. I =∫ xex dx
Taking x as the I function and ex as the II function.

= x∫ e xdx − ∫
{ d
dx
(x)∫ e xdx dx
}
= x ex - ∫ 1 (ex) dx

3 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 = x ex - ex + C
= (x - 1) ex + C
21. Using the superiority list as ILATE (Inverse Logarithm Algebra Trigonometric Exponential). Taking the first function to the one
which comes first in the list.
Here x is the first function, and Sin 3x is the second function.
Using Integration by part

∫ a. b ⋅ dx = a∫ bdx − ∫ [ da
dx
⋅
]
∫ bdx dx

⇒ ∫ x sin 3x dx=x ∫ sin 3x dx - ∫

[ dx
dx
∫ sin3x dx dx
]
=x
( − cos 3x
3 ) ( )
− ∫1 ⋅
− cos 3x
3
dx

=x
( − cos 3x
3 )( )+
sin 3x
3×3
+c

=x ( − cos 3x
)( )+
sin 3x
+c

s
3 9

ial
22. Using 2 cos acos b = cos (a + b) + cos (a - b), we get
1
∫ cos 4x cos x dx = 2 ∫ 2cos 4x cos x dx
1

r
2
∫ (cos5x + cos 3x)dx
1 1
uto
∫ cos 5 xdx + ∫ cos 3 xdx
2 2
sin 5x sin 3x
= 10
+ 6
+ C.
π/4
23. Let I = ∫ 0 log(1 + tanx)dx ............. (i)
eT

π/4
Then, I = ∫ 0 log 1 + tan
[ ( )] π
4
−x dx [ ∵
a a
∫ 0 f(x)dx = ∫ 0 f(a − x)dx ]
π/4
[ ] 1 − tan x
iqu

or I = ∫ 0 log 1 + 1 + tan x
dx

π/4
or I = ∫ 0 log ( ) 2
1 + tan x
dx
Un

or I = ∫ π0 / 4 log
( ) 2
1 + tan x
dx

π/4
or I = ∫ 0 [log2 − log(1 + tanx)]dx
π/4 π/4
or I = (log2) ⋅ ∫ 0 dx − ∫ 0 log(1 + tanx)dx .......... (ii)
Adding (I) and (ii), we get
π/4 π/4 π
2I = (log2)∫ 0 dx = (log2) ⋅ [x] 0 = 4
(log2)
π π/4 π
∴ I= 8
(log2), i.e., ∫ 0 log(1 + tanx)dx = 8
(log2)
2x + 5
24. Let I = ∫ dx
x2 − x − 2
d
Also let 2x + 5 = λ dx (x2 + x - 2) + μ
= λ(2x - 1) + μ
2x + 5 = (2λ)x - λ + μ
Comparing the coefficients of like powers of x, we get
2λ = 2 ⇒ λ = 1
-λ + μ = 5 ⇒ -1 + μ = 5
μ=6

4 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 ( 2x − 1 ) + 6
So, I = ∫ dx
x2 − x − 2
( 2x − 1 ) 1
I=∫ dx + 6∫ dx
x2 − x − 2
() () ()
1 1 2 1 2
x 2 − 2x 2 + 2 − 2 −2

2x − 1 1
I=∫ 2 dx + 6∫ dx
( )
x −x−2 1 2 9
x− 2 −4

2x − 1 1
I=∫ dx + 6∫ dx
x2 − x − 2
( ) ()
x− 2
1 2
−
3
2
2

| |
1 3
6 x− 2 − 2 1 1 x−a
I = log |x2 - x -2| + log 1 3 + c [Since, ∫ dx = log | | + c]
x2 − a2 2a x+a
2 ()
3
2
x− 2 + 2

I = log |x2 - x -2| + 2 log

| | x−2
x+1
+c

ls
(x−1) (x−2) (x−3)
25. Let I = ∫ (x−4) (x−5) (x−6)
dx

ria
(x−1) (x−2) (x−3) A B C
Also let (x−4) (x−5) (x−6)
=1+ (x−4)
+ x−5
+ x−6
.........(i)
Then, (x - 1) (x - 2) (x - 3) = (x - 4) (x - 5) (x - 6) + A (x - 5) (x - 6) + B (x - 4) (x - 6) + C (x - 4) (x - 5) .......(ii)
Putting x = 4 ,5 and 6 successively in (ii), we get
uto
A = 3, B = - 2 4 and C = 30
Substituting values of A, B and C in (i), we get
(x−1) (x−2) (x−3) 3 24 30
(x−4) (x−5) (x−6) x−4
=1+ − x−5
+ x−6
eT

(x−1) (x−2) (x−3)

∴ I=∫ dx
(x−4) (x−5) (x−6)
1 1 1
⇒ I = ∫ 1 ⋅ dx + 3∫ x − 4 dx - 24∫ x − 5 dx + 30∫ x − 6 dx
⇒ I = x + 3 log |x - 4| - 24 log|x - 5| + 30 log |x - 6| + C
iqu

x A B C
26. Let (x−1) (x−2) (x−3)
= (x−1)
+ (x−2)
+ (x−3)
⇒ x = A(x - 2)(x - 3) + B(x - 1)(x - 3) + C(x - 1)(x - 2) ......(i)
Substituting x = 1, 2 and 3 respectively in equation (1), we get,
1 3
Un

A= 2
, B = − 2 and C = 2
Thus,
x 1 2 3
(x−1) (x−2) (x−3)
= 2(x−1)
− (x−2)
+ 2(x−3)

⇒ ∫ (x−1) (x−2) (x−3)

x
dx = ∫ { 2(x−1)
1
−
2
(x−2)
+ 2(x−3)
3
} dx

1 3
= 2 log | x − 1 | − 2log | x − 2 | + 2 log | x − 3 | + C
27. Here we have,

f(x) =
{ 1 − 2x,
1 + 2x,
x≤0
x≥0
1 0 1
∴ ∫ − 1 f(x)dx = ∫ − 1 f(x)dx + ∫ 0 f(x)dx
1 0 1
⇒ ∫ − 1 f(x)dx = ∫ − 1 (1 − 2x)dx + ∫ 0 (1 + 2x)dx [By using the definition of f(x)]

[ ] [ ]
1 0 1
⇒ ∫ − 1 f(x)dx = x − x 2 −1 + x + x2 0 = [0 - (-1 - 1)] + [(1 + 1) - (0)] = 4

5 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 x4 x4
28. Here we have =
x3 − x2 + x − 1
( x − 1 ) x2 + 1 ( )
( ) (
x x3 − x2 + x − 1 + 1 x3 − x2 + x − 1 + 1 )
=
x3 − x2 + x − 1
1
=x+1+
( x − 1 ) x2 + 1( )
1 A Bx + c
Now, let = +
x−1 x2 + 1
(
( x − 1 ) x2 + 1 )
⇒ 1 = A(x2 + 1) + (Bx + C) (x - 1)
1
For, x = 1, A = 2
1
For, x = 0, C = A - 1 = - 2
1
For, x = -1, B = - 2
x4 1 1 1 x+1
∵ ∫ dx = ∫ xdx + ∫ dx + 2 ∫ x − 1 dx − 2 ∫ dx
x2 + 1
(
( x − 1 ) x2 + 1 )

s
x2 1 1 1
+ x + 2 log | x − 1 | − 4 log x 2 + 1 − 2 tan − 1x + c ( )

ial
= 2
1
29. Put √x = t so that dx = dt or dx = 2t dt.
2√ x

∴ ∫ tan -1 √x dx = 2 ∫ t(tan -1 t) dt

r
uto
=2
[( tan − 1t ) ⋅
t2
2
−∫
{( 1 + t2
1

)
⋅
t2
2 }] dt + C

t2
( ) ( ) dt + C
eT

= t 2 tan − 1t − ∫
1 + t2

[ (1 + t ) − 1 ] 2

= t2 ( tan − 1t ) ( 1 + t ) dt + C
− ∫
iqu

( )
1
= t 2 tan − 1t − ∫ dt + ∫ dt + C
(1+t ) 2

= t2(tan -1 t) - t + tan-1 t + C = (t2 + 1) tan-1 t - t + C

Un

= (x + 1) tan-1 √x-√x + C
30. Let y = ∫ π− π x 12sin 9xdx ......(i)
Use king theorem of definite integral
b b
∫ a f(t)dt = ∫ a f(a + b − t)dt
π
y = ∫ − π (π − π − x) 12sin 9(π − π − x)dx
π
y = ∫ − π − x 12sin 9xdx ......(ii)
Adding equation (i) and equation (ii), we get
π
2y = ∫ − π x 12sin 9xdx+ − ∫ − π x 12sin 9xdx ( π
)
y=0
31. Let I = ∫ sin 4 x dx, then
1
I = 4 ∫ (2 sin 2 x)2 dx
1 1
= 4 ∫ (1 - cos 2x )2 dx = 4 ∫ (1 + cos22x - 2 cos 2x) dx
1
= 8 ∫ (2 + 2 cos2 2x - 4cos 2x) dx
1
= 8 ∫ [2 + (1 + cos 4x) - 4cos 2x] dx

6 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 3 1 1
= 8 ∫ dx + 8 ∫ cos4x dx − 2 ∫ cos2x dx
3 sin 4x sin 2x
= x+ − +C
8 32 4
x2
32. Let I = ∫ dx
1 − x4

=∫2
1

[( )( ) ]1 + x2
2x 2

1 − x2
dx

=∫2
1

[( )( ) ] x2 + x2 − 1 + 1

1 + x2 1 − x2
dx

( ) ( )
[ ( )( ) ]
1 + x2 − 1 − x2
1
=∫ dx
2
1 + x2 1 − x2

( ) ( )
[( )( ) ( )( ) ]
1 + x2 1 − x2
1
=∫2 dx − dx
1 + x2 1 − x2 1 + x2 1 − x2

ls
=∫2
1

[( ) ( ) ] 1
dx −
1
dx

ria
1 − x2 1 + x2

As we know,
1 1 a+x
∫ dx = log a − x
2a
uto
(a − x )
2 2

1 1 x
∫ dx = a tan − 1 a
(a + x )
2 2

1 1 1+x 1
eT

= 2
× 2 log 1 − x − 2 tan − 1x + C
1 1+x 1
= log − tan − 1x + C
4 1−x 2
ex
33. ∫ dx
iqu

√5 − 4e x − e 2x
Put ex = t so that ex dx = dt
dt dt
∫ 2
=∫ 2
√5 − 4t − t √3 − ( t + 2 )2
Un

= sin − 1 ( ) t+2
3
+ C = sin − 1
( ) ex + 2
3
+C

34. Given,
dx
∫ 3

(
x3 x5 + 1 ) 5

dx
=∫ (take x5 common from denominator)

( )
3
1 5
x3 ⋅ x3 1 +
x5

x − 6dx
=∫

( )
3
1 5
1+
x5

1
Let 1 + =t
x5

-5x-6 dx = dt
dt
or x-6 dx = −5

7 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 dt
=∫ 3
−5(t)5
−1 −3
= 5
∫t 5 dt
−3 2 2
−1 t 5
+1 −1 t5 −t5
= 5
× −3 = 5 2 = 2
+C
5 +1 5
1
Replacing valuye of t = 1 + , we get:
x5

( )
2
1 5
− 1+
x5

I= 2
+C
35. Putting log x = t
dx
⇒ = dt
x
( log x ) 2
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ t 2dt
x
t3
= +c
3
1

ls
= 3
(logx) 3 + c
sec 2x

ria
36. ∫ dx
cos ec 2x
1
cos 2x
=∫ 1 dx
uto
sin 2x
sin 2x
=∫ dx
cos 2x
= ∫ tan 2xdx
eT

(
= ∫ sec 2x − 1 dx )
= ∫ sec 2xdx
− ∫ 1dx
= tan x - x + c
cosecx
iqu

37. Let I = ∫ x dx
log tan 2
x
Assume log(tan 2 ) = t
x
Un

d(log(tan 2 )) = dt
x
sec 2 2
⇒
x dx = dt
tan 2
1
⇒
x x dx = dt
2sin 2 cos 2
1
⇒
sin x
dx = dt
Or cosecx dx = dt
Put t and dt in the given equation, we get
dt
⇒ I=∫
t
= In|t| + c
x
But t = log(tan )
2
x
I = In | log(tan 2 ) | + c
( 2x + 3 )
38. Let I = ∫ dx
√x 2 + 3x − 2
1
Since ∫ x ndx = n+1
xn + 1 + c

8 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 sin x
We have, I = ∫ dx…..... (i)
( 1 + cos x ) 2

Let x2 + 3x - 2 = t
dt
⇒ (2x + 3) = dx
⇒ (2x+3) dx = dt
Putting this value in equation (i), we get

[x ]
dt
I=∫ 2 + 3x − 2 = t
√t
1
t2
⇒ I= 1 +c
2
1
I = 2t 2 + c
I = 2 x 2 + 3x − 2 + c
√
1
39. Put cot-1 x = t ∴ x = cot t and dx = -dt
1 + x2

∴ ∫ e cot
−1 x
( ) 1 − x + x2
dx = − ∫ e t(1 - cot t + cot2 t)dt = ∫ e t(cot t - cosec2 t)dt

ls
1 + x2

= et cot t + c

ria
−1
= xe cot x +c
///////
1 e 2x
40. Let I = ∫ log √3 dx = ∫ log √3 dx
uto
log √2 log √2
( ex + e − x )( ex − e − x ) ( )
e 2x
2
−1
1
Put e2x = t ⇒ e2x dx = 2 dt, Upper limit = 3, Lower Limit = 2

13
| | t−1 3
eT

1 1
∴ I = 2∫ 2 dt = 4 log t+1
2 t −1 2

⇒ I=
1
4 [ 2
log 4 − log 3
1
] 1
= 4 log 2
3
iqu

//////////
1
x2
41. Let I = ∫ 3 dx
1+x4
Un

Put x = t 4 ⇒ dx = 4t 3dt
( )
( )
t2 t3
t2
∴ I = 4∫ dt = 4∫ t 2 − dt
1 + t3 1 + t3

t2
I = 4∫ t 2dt − 4∫ dt
1 + t3
I = I1 - I2
t3 4
I 1 = 4∫ t 2dt = 4. 3 + C 1 = 3
x3 / 4 + C1
t2
Now, I 2 = 4∫ dt
1 + t3
Again, put 1 + t3 = z ⇒ 3t 2dt = dz
1 4 1
⇒ t 2dt = 3
dzI 2 = 3 z
∫ dz
4 4
= 3
log|z| + C 2 = 3
log | 1 + t 3 | + C 2

|( )| + C
4
= log 1 + x 3 / 4 2
3
4 4
∴ I= 3
x 3 / 4 + C 1 − 3 log 1 + x 3 / 4 |( )| − C 2

9 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 |( )| + C [
4 4
= 3
x 3 / 4 − 3 log 1 + x 3 / 4 ∵ C 1 − C 2 = C]
sin ( x − a )
42. According to the question, I = ∫ sin (x+a)
dx
Put x + a = t ⇒ dx = dt
sin ( t − a − a ) sin ( t − 2a )
∴ I=∫ sin t
dt = ∫ sin t
dt
sin tcos 2a − cos tsin 2a
=∫ sin t
dt
[ ∴ sin(A − B) = sinAcosB − cosAsinB]
= ∫ cos2adt − ∫ sin2a ⋅ cottdt
= cos2a[t] − sin2a[log | sint | ] + C 1
= (x + a)cos2a − sin2alog | sin(x + a) | + C 1
[put t = x + a)
= xcos2a − sin2alog | sin(x + a) | + C1
π/2
43. Let the given integral be, I = ∫ 0 logsinxdx ...(i)

Then, I = ∫ 0 logsin
π/2
( )
π
2
− x dx

ls
π/2
⇒ I = ∫ 0 logcosxdx...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get

ria
π/2 π/2
2I = ∫ 0 logsinxdx + ∫ 0 logcosxdx
π/2
⇒ 2I = ∫ 0 (logsinx + logcosx)dx
π/2
2I = ∫ 0 log(sinxcosx)dx
⇒
uto
⇒ 2I = ∫ π0 / 2 log
( )
2sin xcos x
2
dx

( )
sin 2x
eT

π/2
⇒ 2I = ∫ 0 log 2
dx

⇒ 2I = ∫ π0 / 2 logsin2xdx − ∫ π0 / 2 log2dx
π
⇒ 2I = ∫ π0 / 2 logsin2xdx − (log2)
iqu

2
π/2 π
⇒ 2I = ∫ 0 logsin2xdx − 2 log2 ...(iii)
π/2
Let I 1 = ∫ 0 logsin2xdx
Putting 2 x=t, we get
Un

π dt
I 1 = ∫ 0 logsint 2
1 π
⇒ I1 = ∫ logsintdt
2 0
1 π/2
⇒ I1 = 2
× 2∫ 0 logsintdt [Using property X]
π/2
⇒ I1 = ∫ 0 logsinxdx = I [Using Property I]
Putting 11=I in (iii), we get
π π
2I = I − 2 log2 ⇒ I = − 2 log2
π/2 π/2 π
Hence, ∫ 0 logsinxdx = ∫ 0 logcosxdx = − 2 log2
d
44. Let 2x + 3 = λ dx (x2 + 4x +1) + μ. Then,
2x + 3 = λ(2x + 4) + μ
Comparing the coefficients of like powers of x, we get
2λ = 2 and 4λ + = 3 ⇒ λ = 1 and μ = - 1
2x + 3
∴ I=∫ dx
√x 2 + 4x + 1

10 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 By using values of λ, and μ , we have.
( 2x + 4 ) − 1
⇒ I=∫ dx
√x 2 + 4x + 1
2x + 4 1
⇒ I=∫ dx − ∫ dx
√ x 2 + 4x + 1 √ x 2 + 4x + 1
dt 1
⇒ I=∫ −∫ dx, where t = x + 4x + 1
√t √ ( x + 2 ) 2 − ( √3 ) 2
⇒ I = 2√t - log |(x + 2) +√x 2 + 4x + 1| + C
⇒ I = 2√x 2 + 4x + 1 - log |x + 2 + √x 2 + 4x + 1| + C

45. According to the question , I = ∫ 30 / 2 | xcosπx | dx

consider, x cos πx = 0
⇒ x = 0 or cosπx = 0
π 3π 5π nπ
⇒ x = 0 or πx = 2
, 2
, 2
[ ∵ cos 2
= 0, n being an odd integer]
1 3
⇒ x = 0 or x = ,
2 2
1 3
⇒ x = 0, 2 ,

ls
2
1
So, let us divide the integral by x = 2
, we get

ria
Now ,

{
1
xcosπx, 0≤x≤ 2
uto
| xcosπx | = 1 3
− xcosπx, 2
≤x≤ 2

1/2 3/2
Now, I = ∫ 0 | xcosπx | dx + ∫ 1 / 2 | xcosπx | dx
eT

1/2 3/2
= ∫ 0 xcosπxdx − ∫ 1 / 2 xcosπxdx..........(i)
Let I1 = ∫xcosπxdx
I II
By Using integration by parts , we get
iqu

sin πx sin πx
=x π
−∫ π
dx
xsin πx cos πx
= +
π π2
Un

Now, From Eq.(i), we have

I= x
[ sin πx
π
+
cos πx 1 / 2
π2 ] [ 0
] −
xsin πx
π
+
cos πx 3 / 2
π2
1/2

=
[( 2π
1
sin +
π
2
1
π2
cos
) ( )] [(
π
2
− 0+
cos 0
π2
−
3
2π
sin
3π
2
+
1
π2
cos
3π
2 )(
−
1
2π
π
sin +
2
1
π2
cos
π
2 ) ]

=
1
2π
−
1
π2
− ( −3
2π
−
1
2π )
1 1 3 1
= − + +
2π π2 2π 2π
5 1
= 2π
− 2
π
5π − 2
=
2π 2
5π − 2
∴ I= sq units.
2π 2

11 / 30
By Ravi Sir
46. According to the question , I = ∫ log(logx) +
[ 1
( log x ) 2 ]
dx

By Using integration by parts for first integral, we get

1
= ∫ log(logx) ⋅ 1 dx + ∫ dx
I II ( log x ) 2

I = log(logx)∫ 1dx − ∫

1
[ d
dx
log(logx)

1
][∫ 1dx ] dx + ∫
1
( log x ) 2
dx

= xlog(logx) − ∫ dx + ∫ dx
( log x ) ( log x ) 2
1 1
= xlog(logx) − ∫ ( logx ) ⋅ 1 dx + ∫ dx
II ( log x ) 2
I
By Using integration by parts for second integral, we get
x d 1 1
= xlog(logx) − + ∫ [ dx ( logx )]. (∫ 1dx)dx + ∫ dx
logx ( log x ) 2
x 1 1 1
= xlog(logx) − −∫ dx x . x + ∫ dx
logx ( log x ) 2 ( log x ) 2
x 1 1
= xlog(logx) − −∫ dx + ∫ dx

ls
logx ( log x ) 2 ( log x ) 2
x
= xlog(logx) − +C

ria
logx
x
∴ I = xlog(logx) − logx
+C
π/2
47. Let I = ∫0 { √tanx + √cotx}dx. Then
uto
sin x cos x π / 2 sin x + cos x π / 2 sin x + cos x
√ √
π/2
⇒ I = ∫0 { cos x
+ sin x
}dx = ∫ 0 dx = √2∫ 0 dx
√sin xcos x √2sin xcos x
π/2 sin x + cos x
⇒ I= √2∫ 0 dx
√1 − ( sin x − cos x ) 2
eT

By using substitution.
Let sinx − cosx = t. Then, d(sinx − cosx) = dt ⇒ (cosx + sinx)dx = dt
π
Also, x=0 ⇒ t = − 1, and x = 2
⇒ t=1
iqu

dt
[sin t ]
1 1
t= −1
∴
√2∫ − 1 1 − t2
= √2 −1
√

{sin } = √2 {2sin } = 2√2 ( )

π
− 11 − sin − 1( − 1) − 1(1)
⇒ I= √2 = √2π
Un

x3
48. According to the question, I = ∫ dx
x 4 + 3x 2 + 2
x2 . x
I=∫ dx
x 4 + 3x 2 + 2
Let 2
x = t ⇒ 2xdx = dt
dt
⇒ xdx = 2
1 t
∴ I= ∫ dt
2 t 2 + 3t + 2
1 t
= ∫ dt
2 (t+2) (t+1)
By using partial fractions,
t A B
= +
(t+2) (t+1) t+2 t+1
1 t 1 A B
I= 2
∫ (t+2) (t+1)
dt = ∫
2 t+2
+ t+1
dt .(i)
t = A(t + 1) + B(t + 2)
if t = − 2 ⇒ − 2 = A( − 1) , ∴ A = 2
if t = − 1 ⇒ − 1 = B(1), ∴ B = − 1

12 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 put values of A and B in (i)

I=
1
2 [ 2
∫ t + 2 dt − ∫ t + 1 dt
1
]
1
= 2
[2log | t + 2 | − log | t + 1 | ] + C
1
= log | t + 2 | − log | t + 1 | + C
2
= log | t + 2 | − log√t + 1 + C

= log
| | t+2

√t + 1
+C

put t = x 2

I = log
| | x2 + 2

√x 2 + 1
1 − cot x
+C

49. Let I = ∫ 1 + cot x dx then,

cos x
1 − sin x

ls
I=∫ cos x dx
1 + sin x
sin x − cos x

ria
sin x
= sin x + cos x dx
sin x
sin x − cos x
I = ∫ sin x + cos x dx ...(i)
⇒
uto
Let sin x + cos x = t then,
d (sin x + cos x) = dt
⇒ (cos x - sin x) dx = dt
eT

⇒ - (sinx - cos x) dx = dt

dt
⇒ dx = − sin x − cos x
dt
Putting sin x + cos x = t and dx = − sin x − cos x
in equation (i), we get
iqu

sin x − cos x − dt
I=∫ ×
t sin x − cos x
− dt
=∫ t
= - log |t| + c
Un

= - log |sin x + cos x| + c

π/2 x
50. Let I = ∫ cos x + sin x
dx ...(i)
0

π/2 ( ) π
2 − x dx
a a
∴ I= ∫ { ∵ ∫ 0 f(x) = ∫ 0 f(a − x)}
0

π
cos ( ) ( )
π
2 −x + sin
π
2 −x

π/2 2 −x
I= ∫ sin x + cos x
...(2)
0
Add (1) & (2)
π π
2 x+ 2 −x π/2 π
2I = ∫ sin x + cos x
dx = ∫ 2 ( sin x + cos x )
0 0
π

π2 dx
I= 4
∫ sin x + cos x
0
π 1 π/2 1dx
I= 4
× ∫ π π
√2 0 sin xcos 4 + sin 4 cos x

13 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 π

( )
π π/2 1 ⋅ dx π 2 π
I= ∫ = ∫ cosec x + 14
dx
4√ 2 0 4√ 2 0
sin ( ) x+ 4
π

[ ( ) ( )}]
π π π π/2
I= log{cosec x + 4
- ωt x + 4
4√ 2 0
π
I= [log(√2 + 1) − log(√2 − 1)]
4√ 2

I=
4√ 2
π
log
( )
√2 + 1
√2 − 1
51. The given integral can be written as
0 2
l = ∫ − 2 xe − xdx + ∫ 0 xe xdx
For
0
∫ − 2 xe − xdx
Using Integration By parts
∫ fg = fg − ∫ fg ′

ls
f ′ = e − x, g = x
f = − e − x, g ′ = 1

ria
{ − xe } + ∫ e dx
0 0 0
∫ − 2 xe − xdx = −x
−2 −2
−x

dx = { − xe − e } −x 0
0
∫ − 2 xe − x −x
−2
uto
dx = {( − 1) − (2e − e )}
0
∫ − 2 xe − x 2 2

dx = { − 1 − e }
0
∫ − 2 xe − x 2
eT

For
2
∫ 0 xe xdx
Using Integration By parts
∫ fg = fg − ∫ fg ′
iqu

f ′ = e x, g = x
f = e x, g ′ = 1

{xe ) − ∫ e dx
2 2 2 x
∫ 0 xe xdx = x
0 0
Un

∫ xe dx = {xe − e )
2 2
x x x
0 0
2
∫ 0 xe xdx = 2e 2 − e 2 + 1
2
∫ 0 xe xdx = e 2 + 1
Henœ answer is,
2
∫ − 2 xe Hdx = − 1 − e 2 + e 2 + 1 = 0
52. Let a - x = t ⇒ -dx = dt
0 a a
RHS = − ∫ f(t)dt = ∫ f(t)dt = ∫ f(x)dx
a 0 0
As change of variable is allowed in definite integrals.
1
Now, I = ∫ x 2(1 − x) ndx
0
1
= ∫ (1 − x) 2x ndx [ USING ABOVE]
0
1
[
= ∫ x n + x n + 2 − 2x n + 1 dx
0
]

14 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 |
1
xn + 1 xn + 3 2x n + 2
= n+1 + n+3
− n+2
0
1 1 2
= n+1
+ n+3
− n+2
2x
53. Given I = ∫ dx
(1 + x ) (x + 3 )
2 2

Put x2 = t ⇒ 2xdx = dt
dt
∴ I=∫ (t+1) (3+t)
Using partial fractions,
1 A B
(t+1) (3+t)
= (1+t)
+ (3+t)
...(i)
⇒ 1 = A(3 + t) + B(1 + t)
Putting t = -3, we get
1
⇒ 1 = − 2B ⇒ B= −
2
Putting t = -1, we get
1
1 = 2A A=

ls
⇒ ⇒
2
1 1
On putting A = 2
and B = − 2 in Eq. (i), we get

ria
1 ( −1)
1 2 2

(1+t) (3+t)
= 1+t
+ 3+t
Integrating both sides w.r.t. to t ,
uto
1 1 1 1 1
⇒ ∫ (1+t) (3+t)
dt = ∫
2 1+t
dt − 2 ∫ 3 + t dt
1 1
= 2
log | 1 + t | − 2 log | 3 + t | + C
1 1
eT

= 2
log | 1 + x 2 | − 2 log | 3 + x 2 | + C[ put t = x 2]

∴ I=
1
2
log
| | 1 + x2
3 + x2
+C[ ∵ log m - log n = log n ]
m
iqu

x2
54. Let, I = ∫ dx
x4 + x2 − 2
Using partial fractions,
x2 A B C
= + +
Un

x4 + x2 − 2 x+1 x−1 x2 + 2

⇒ x2 = A(x - 1) (x2 + 2) + B (x + 1) (x2 + 2) + C (x2 - 1)

1
For, x = 1, A =
6
1
For, x = -1, B = - 6
2
For, x = 0, C = − 3
1 dx 1 dx 2 dx
∵ I= ∫ x+1 − 6 ∫ x−1 − 3 ∫
6 x2 + 2

⇒
1
I = 6 log | x + 1 | − 6 log | x − 1 | −
1
3√ 2
2
tan − 1
( )
x

√2
+c

55. Let the given integral be,

a+x
I=∫
√ x
dx

√(a+x) (a+x)
=∫
√x ( a + x )

15 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 =∫
( ) a+x

√x 2 + ax
1
dx

x
= a∫ dx + ∫ dx
√ x 2 + ax √ x 2 + ax
1 x
= a∫ dx + ∫ dx
√x 2 + ax
√ x 2 + ax + () () a
2
2
−
a
2
2

1 1 2x
= a∫ dx + 2 ∫ dx
√x 2 + ax
√( ) ( ) x+ 2
a 2
−
a
2
2

= a∫

√( ) ( ) x+ 2
a
1

2
−
a
2
2
dx + ∫
1
2 ( ) 2x + a − a

√x 2 + ax
dx

1 1 ( 2x + a ) a 1
= a∫ dx + 2 ∫ dx − 2 ∫ dx
√ x 2 + ax √ x 2 + ax
√( ) ( ) a 2 a 2

ls
x+ 2 − 2

a 1 1 ( 2x + a )
= ∫ dx + 2 ∫ dx

ria
2
√x 2 + ax
√( ) ( ) x+ 2
a 2
−
a
2
2

Putting x2 + ax = t in the Ist integral

uto
⇒ (2x + a)dx = dt

a 1 1 1
∴ I= 2
∫ dx + 2 ∫ dt
√t
√( ) ( ) x+ 2
a 2
−
a
2
2
eT

=
a
2
ln x +
| a
2
+ √x 2 + ax | +
1
2
× 2√t + C
[ ∵ ∫
√
1

x2 − a2
dx = ln | x + √x 2 − a 2 | + C
iqu

=
a
2
ln x + | a
2
+ √x 2 + ax + √x 2 + ax + C [ | ∵ t = x2 + ax]

x2 + 1
56. Let I = ∫ dx
( x + 4 ) ( x + 25 )
2 2
Un

Put, t = x2 ,and then by partial fractions we have,

x2 + 1 t+1 A B
= ( t + 4 ) ( t + 25 )
= t+4
+ t + 25
.... (1)
( x2 + 4 )( x 2 + 25 )
(A + B)t + (25A + 4B) = t + 1
A + B = 1 ….(1)
25A + 4B = 1 ....(2)
Solving equation (1)and(2), we get,
−1 8
A= 7
and B = 7
Now,
t+1 −1 1 8 1
( t + 4 ) ( t + 25 )
= 7
× t+4
+ 7
× t + 25
x2 + 1 −1 1 8 1
= × + ×
7 x2 + 4 7 x 2 + 25
( x + 4 ) ( x + 25 )
2 2

x2 + 1 −1 1 8 1
∫ dx = × + ×
7 x2 + 4 7 x 2 + 25
( x + 4 ) ( x + 25 )
2 2

16 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 = −
1
7
1
× 2 tan − 1 () x
2
+
8
7
1
× 5 tan − 1 () x
5
+c

= −
1
14
tan − 1
() x
2
+ 35
8
tan − 1
()
x
5
+c

dx
57. Let the given integral be, I = ∫
(x +1 ) (x+1)
2 2

1 A B Cx + D
Using partial fractions Put = + + ... (1)
x+1 ( x + 1 )2 x2 + 1
(x +1 ) (x+1)
2 2

A(x + 1)(x2 + 1) + B(x2 + 1) + (Cx + D)(x + 1)2 = 1

Put x + 1 = 0
X = -1
A(0) + B(1 + 1) + 0 = 1
1
B= 2

By equating the coefficient of x2 and constant term, A + C = 0

A + B + 2C = 0 .... (2)

s
−1
A + 2C = 2
..... (3)

ial
A+B+D=1
Solving (2) and (3), we get,
1
− 2x+0

r
1 1 1 1 1
= × + × +
2 x+1 2
uto
( x + 1 )2 x2 + 1
(x +1 ) (x+1)
2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 x
∫ dx = ∫ dx + 2 ∫ dx − 2∫ dx
2 x+1 ( x + 1 )2 x2 + 1
(x +1 ) (x+1)
2 2
eT

| |
1 1 1 1
= 2
log | x + 1 | − 2
× x+1
− 4 log x 2 + 1 + c
1
58. Let I = ∫ dx
( 2x + 3 ) √x − 4
2 2

1 1
iqu

Assume x = ⇒ dx = − dt
t t2
tdt
∴ I= −∫
( 3t + 2 ) ( √1 − 4t
2 2
Un

Assume 1 - 4t2 = u24tdt = udu

1 udu
∴ I = − 4∫

1
( ) 11 − 3u 2
4

du
u

⇒ I= − ∫
3
( 11
3 − u2
)
Using identity ∫
dz
( z )2 − 1
=
1
2
log
| |
z−1
z+1
+ c, we get

| | √
11
u− 3
1
I= log +c
2√33
√
11
u+ 3

Substituting u = √1 − 4t 2 we get

17 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 | |
11

1
√1 − 4t2 − √ 3

I= log +c
2√33
√
11
√ 1 − 4t 2 + 3

1
Substituting t = x , we get

| |
4

√
11

1
√ 1−
x2
− 3

I= log +c
2√33 4 11

√ 1−
x 2 +
√ 3

Hence the result

59. According to the question , I = ∫ − 1 x 3 − x dx

2
| |
We can observe that,

(x − x ), when − 1 < x < 0

3

s
{
ial
|x − x | =
3 − (x − x ), when 0 ≤ x < 1
3

(x − x ), when 1 ≤ x < 2
3

r
uto
By Splitting the intervals , we get
0
| | | | |
I = ∫ − 1 x 3 − x dx + ∫ 0 x 3 − x dx + ∫ 1 x 3 − x dx
1
| 2

I = ∫ (x − x )dx + ∫ − (x − x )dx + ∫ ( x − x )dx

0 3 1 3 2 3
∴
−1 0 1
eT

= ∫ (x − x )dx − ∫ (x − x ) dx + ∫ (x − x )dx
0 3 1 3 2 3
−1 0 1

[ ] [ ] [ ]
0 1 2
x4 x2 x4 x2 x4 x2
= − − − + −
iqu

4 2 4 2 4 2
−1 0 1

= 0−
[ ( )] [( ) ] [( ) ( )]
1
4
−
1
2
−
1
4
−
1
2
−0 +
16
4
−
4
2
−
1
4
−
1
2
Un

1 1 1 1 1 1
= − 4
+ 2
− 4
+ 2
+4−2− 4
+ 2
3 3
= − 4 2
+ +2
−3+6+8
= 4
11
= 4
11
∴ I= 4
sq units.
π xsin x
60. According to the question , I = ∫ 0 dx .......(i)
1 + cos 2 x
π ( π − x ) sin ( π − x ) a a
⇒ I = ∫0 dx [ ∵ ∫ 0 f(x) = ∫ 0 f(a − x)]
1 + cos 2 ( π − x )
π ( π − x ) sin x
⇒ I = ∫0 dx.....(ii)
1 + cos 2 x
On Adding eqs.(i) and (ii),we get
π πsin x
2I = ∫ 0 dx
( 1 + cos x ) 2

Put , cosx = t
− sinxdx = dt
⇒ sinxdx = − dt

18 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 Lower limit , when x = 0, then t = 1
Upper limit ,when x = π, then t = -1
− 1 dt
= − π∫ 1
1 + t2
1 dt
⇒ 2I = π∫ − 1
(1 + t ) 2

[ ]
1
= π tan − 1t −1

=π
[ ( )]
2
π
4
− −
π
4

π
= 4
π2
∴ I= 4

(x +1 )
2

61. According to the question, I = ∫ ex dx

( x + 1 )2

x
( x + 1 + 2x − 2x )
2

s
= ∫e dx
( x + 1 )2

ial
= ∫ ex
( ( x + 1 ) 2 − 2x
( x + 1 )2 )
dx[ ∴ (a + b) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + 2ab]

( 2x

) r
uto
= ∫ ex 1 − dx
( x + 1 )2

x
= ∫ e xdx − 2∫ e x ⋅ dx
( x + 1 )2

( )
eT

x+1−1
= e x − 2∫ e x dx
( x + 1 )2

= e x − 2∫ e x
( )x+1 ( −1)
iqu

2 + dx
(x+1) ( x + 1 )2

= e x − 2∫ e x
( )
(x+1)
1
+
( −1)
( x + 1 )2
dx
Un

1 ( −1)
Consider f(x) = , ∴ f ′(x) =
x+1 ( x + 1 )2
Thus, the above integral is of the form
x ′ x
∵ ∫ e f(x) + f (x)dx = e f(x) + C

1
∴ I = e x − 2e x [ (x+1) ] + C
⇒ I = ex
( )
x+1−2
x+1
+C

⇒ I = ex
( )
x−1
x+1
+C

(x +1 ) 2

∴ ∫e x
( x + 1 )2
dx = e x ( ) x−1
x+1
+C

62. Let the given integral be,

19 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 1 x3 + | x | + 1
I = ∫ −1 dx . Then,
x2 + 2 | x | + 1

I = ∫ −1
1
{ x3
x2 + 2 | x | +1

x3
+
|x| +1
x2 + 2 | x | +1 } dx

|x| +1
1 1
⇒ I = ∫ −1 dx + ∫ − 1 dx
x2 + 2 | x | + 1 x2 + 2 | x | + 1
1 x3 1 |x| +1
⇒ I = ∫ −1 dx + ∫ − 1 dx
|x| 2+2|x| +1 |x| 2+2|x| +1
x3 |x| +1
⇒ I = ∫ 1− 1 dx + ∫ 1− 1 dx
( | x | + 1 )2 ( | x | + 1 )2
1 |x| +1 x3 |x| +1
⇒ I = 0 + 2∫ 0 dx [ ∵ and are odd and even functions respectively]
( |x| + 1 )2 ( |x| + 1 )2 ( | x | + 1 )2
1 1 1 1 1
⇒ I = 2∫ 0 |x| +1
dx = 2∫ 0 x + 1 dx = 2[log(x + 1)] 0 = 2(log2 − log1) = 2log2
63. Let the given integral be,
log x
I=∫ dx
( x + 1 )2
Now solving by parts.

s
1
Let the first function be (log x) and second function be
( x + 1 )2

ial
1
First we find the integral of the second function, i.e., ∫
( x + 1 )2
Put t = (x + 1). Then dt = dx
Therefore,

r
1
uto
∫ dx = ∫ t-2 dt
( x + 1 )2
1
= − t
1
eT

= − 1+x
Hence, using integration by parts, we get

∫
log x
( x + 1 )2
dx = (log x) ∫
1
( x + 1 )2
dx − ∫
[( ) d ( log x )
dx
∫
1
( x + 1 )2 ]
dx dx
iqu

= (log x)
( ) ( )( )
−
1
1+x
−∫
1
x
−
1+x
1
dx

( )
Un

log x 1
= − +∫ dx
1+x x2 + x

log x 1
= − 1+x
+∫ 1 1 dx
x2 + x + 4 − 4
log x 1
= − 1+x
+∫ dx
( ) ()
x+ 2
1 2
−
1
2
2

| |
1 1
log x 1 x+ 2 − 2
= − 1+x
+ 1 log 1 1 +c
2× 2 x+ 2 + 2

= −
log x
1+x
+ log
| | x+1
x
+c

Hence, ∫
log x
( x + 1 )2
dx = −
log x
1+x
+ log
| |x
x+1
+c

64. Let the given integral be,

20 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 π
x+ 4
π/4
I = ∫ − π / 4 2 − cos 2x dx. Then
π/4 x π π/4 1
I = ∫ − π / 4 2 − cos 2x dx + 4 ∫ − π / 4 2 − cos 2x dx ...(i)
x 1
We observe tha 2 − cos 2x is an odd function and 2 − cos 2x
is an even function.
π/4 x π/4 1 π/4 1
∴ ∫ − π / 4 2 − cos 2x dx = 0and, ∫ − π / 4 2 − cos 2x dx = 2∫ 0 2 − cos 2x
dx
Substituting these values in (i), we obtain

I=0+2 ()
π
4
∫0
π/4
2 − cos 2x
1
dx

π π / 4 1 + tan 2 x
⇒ I= ∫
2 0 1 + 3tan 2 x
dx
π π/4 sec 2 x
⇒ I= ∫ 0 dx
2 1 + ( √3tan x ) 2
2

Let √3tanx = t. Then, dt = d(√3tanx) = 2xdx

√3sec
π π
Also, x = 0 ⇒ t= √3tan0 = 0 and x = 4
⇒ t= √3tan 4 = √3
[tan t ] √3
(tan )
π 1 π π
∫√
3 −1 −1 − 10

s
∴ I= dt = 0 = √3 − tan
2√ 3 0 1 2 + t 2 2√ 3 2√ 3

ial
π π π2
⇒ I= × 3
=
2√ 3 6√ 3

65. Let y = sinϕ ⇒ dy = cosϕdϕ

r
( 3sin ϕ − 2 ) cos ϕ ( 3y − 2 ) dy
Therefore, ∫ dϕ = ∫
5 − cos 2 ϕ − 4sin ϕ
uto
(
5 − 1 − y 2 − 4y )
3y − 2
=∫ dy
y 2 − 4y + 4
3y − 2 A B
Now, we write = +
eT

( y − 2 )2 y−2 ( y − 2 )2
Therefore, 3y - 2 = A (y - 2) + B
Comparing the coefficients of y and constant term,
we get A = 3 and B = 4. for y = 2, y= 0
iqu

Therefore, the required integral is given by

I=∫
[ y−2
3
+
4
( y − 2 )2 ] dy = 3∫ y − 2 + 4∫
dy dy
( y − 2 )2
Un

= 3log | y − 2 | + 4 − ( ) y−2
1
+C

4
= 3log | sinϕ − 2 | + 2 − sin ϕ
+C
4
= 3log(2 − sinϕ) + 2 − sin ϕ
+ C (since, sin ϕ ∈ [-1,1], sin ϕ< 2, 2 - sin ϕ is always positive)
dx
66. According to question , I = ∫ ππ // 36
1 + √cot x

π/3
√sin x cosx
⇒ I = ∫π / 6 dx....(i)[ ∵
sinx
= cotx]
√sin x + √cos x
b b
We know that,∫ a f(x)dx = ∫ a f(a + b − x)dx
On applying this property in Equation (i) we get ,

π/3
√ ( sin
π
6 ) π
+ 3 − x dx

I= ∫π / 6 dx
√ ( cos
π
6 + 3 −x
π
)√ (+ sin
π
6
π
+ 3 −x )

21 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 π/3
√ ( ) sin
π
2 −x

= ∫π / 6 dx

√ ( )√ ( )
cos
π
2 −x + sin
π
2 − x dx

π/3
√cosx
⇒ I = ∫π / 6 dx.......(ii)
√sin x + √cos x
On adding Equations (i) and (ii) we get,
√sin x + √cos x
2I = ∫ ππ // 36 dx
√sin x + √cos x
π/3
⇒ 2I = ∫ π / 6 (1)dx
π/3
⇒ 2I = [x] π / 6
π π
⇒ 2I = 3
− 6
π
=
6
π
∴ I= 12
π / 4 sin x + cos x

s
67. According to the question, I = ∫ 0 9 + 16sin 2x
dx

ial
π/4 sin x + cos x
⇒ I = ∫0 9 + 16 ( 1 + sin 2x − 1 )
dx
π/4 sin x + cos x
⇒ I = ∫0 9 + 16 [ 1 − ( 1 − sin 2x ) ]
dx

r
π/4 sin x + cos x
⇒ I = ∫0 dx[ ∵ 1 = cos 2x + sin 2x] and [ ∵ sin2x = 2sinxcosx]
uto
9 + 16 [ (
1 − cos 2 x + sin 2 x − 2sin xcos x ) ]
π/4 sin x + cos x
⇒ I = ∫0 dx
[
9 + 16 1 − ( cos x − sin x ) 2 ]
eT

put , cosx − sinx = t

⇒ ( − sinx − cosx)dx = dt

⇒ (sinx + cosx)dx = − dt

Lower limit , when x = 0, then t = cos 0 - sin 0 = 1

π π π 1 1
iqu

Upper limit , when x = 4 , then t = cos 4 − sin 4 = − = 0.

√2 √2
− dt
∴ I = ∫ 01
(
9 + 16 1 − t 2 )
Un

1 dt
⇒ I = ∫0
(
9 + 16 1 − t 2 )
1 dt
= ∫0
25 − 16t 2
1 1 dt
= 16
∫ 0
5 2
() 4 − t2

[ | |] [ | | ]
1 5 + 4t 1 1 1 a+x
= 5 log ∵ ∫ dx = log +C
5 − 4t
0 a2 − x2 2a a−x
2 × 4 × 16

=
1
40 [ | | | |]
log
5+4
5−4
− log
5
5

=
1
40
1
[ ( ) ( )]
log
9
1
− log
5
5

= 40
(log9 − log1)
1
= 40
(log9) [ ∵ log 1 = 0]

22 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 1
⇒ I= 40
log(3) 2
2
= log3 [ ∵ log an = nlog a]
40
1
∴ I= 20
log3
x

√
a
68. Let the given integral be, I = ∫ 0 sin − 1 a+x
dx

Put x = atan2θ
⇒ x = 2a tan θ sec2θ dθ (Differentiating both sides)
Now When x = 0, atan2θ = 0 ⇒ tan θ = 0 ⇒ θ = 0.
π
When x = a, atan2θ = a ⇒ tanθ = 1 ⇒ θ= 4
π
So, the new limits are 0 and 4 .
Also,
atan 2 θ

√
x

√ a+x
=
a + atan 2 θ

s
tan 2 θ

√
x

√ =

ial
⇒
a+x 1 + tan 2 θ

We have to use the trigonometric identity 1 + tan2θ = sec2θ

( ) r
√
sin 2 θ
uto
cos 2 θ
tan 2 θ tan 2 θ
⇒

√ 1 + tan 2 θ
=
√ sec 2 θ
=

( ) 1
cos 2 θ
eT

tan 2 θ
⇒

√ 1 + tan 2 θ
= √sin2θ = sinθ
iqu

Substituting this in the original integral,

π
I = ∫ 04 sin − 1(sinθ) 2atanθsec 2θdθ ( )
π
⇒ I = 2a∫ 04 θtanθsec 2θdθ
Un

Now, put tan θ = t

⇒ sec2θ dθ = dt (Differentiating both sides)
Now When θ = 0, t = tan 0 = 0..
π π
When θ = 4
, t = tan 4 = 1
So, the new limits are from 0 and 1.
Substituting this in the original integral,

( ) 1
I = 2a∫ 0 tan − 1t (t)dt

I = 2a∫ (tan t )(t)dt

1 −1
0

We will use integration by parts.

Recall ∫ f(x)g(x)dx = f(x)[∫ g(x)dx] − ∫ f ′(x)∫ g(x)dx dx + c [ ]

Here, take f(t) = tan-1t and g(t) = t
t2
⇒ ∫ g(t)dt = ∫ tdt = 2
Now,

(tan t )
df ( t ) d
f ′(t) = dt
= dt
−1

23 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 1
⇒ f ′(t) =
1 + t2
Substituting these values, we evaluate the integral.

([ ( )] ( )( ) )
1
t2 1 1 t2
⇒ I = 2a tan − 1t − ∫0 dt
2
0 1 + t2 2

[ ] ( )
1
t2 1 t2
⇒ I = 2a tan − 1t − a∫ 0 dt
2
0 1 + t2

t2 1
We can write =1−
1 + t2 1 + t2

[ ] [ ]
1
t2 1 1
⇒ I = 2a tan − 1t − a∫ 0 1 − dt
2
0 1 + t2

⇒ I = 2a
[ 12

] (
2 )tan − 1(1) − 0 − a ∫ 0 dt − ∫ 0

1
1 1 1
1 + t2
dt

s
Recall that ∫ dx = tan − 1x + c
1 + x2

ial
⇒ I = 2a ×
1
2
×
π
4 (
− a [t] 0 − tan − 1t
1
[ ])
1
0

( [ ])
π
⇒ I= 4
a − a [1 − 0] − tan − 1(1) − tan − 1(0)

r
uto
⇒ I=
π
4 ( [ ])
a−a 1−
π
4
−0

I=
π
( )
a − a + 4a =
π π
−1 a
eT

⇒
4 2

√ ( )
a X π
∴ ∫ 0 sin − 1 a+x
dx = 2
−1 a
iqu

69. Let I = ∫ 4 π ln(sinx + cosx)dx ....(i)

−4
b b
Using the property: ∫ a f(x)dx = ∫ a f(a + b − x)dx
π π
Un

⇒ ∫ 4 π ln(sinx + cosx)dx = ∫ 4 π ln(sin( − x) + cos( − x))dx

−4 −4
π
I = ∫ 4 π ln(cosx − sinx)dx .......(ii)
−4

Adding equation (i) and (ii)

π π
2I = ∫ 4 π ln(sinx + cosx)dx + ∫ 4 π ln(cosx − sinx)dx
−4 −4
π

(
= ∫ 4 π ln cos 2x − sin 2x dx
−4 )
π
= ∫ 4 π ln(cos2x)dx
−4

As cos(-x) = cos x
Using property: ∫ a− a f(x)dx = 2∫ a0 f(x)dx (for f(-x) = f(x))
π
⇒ 2I = 2∫ 04 logcos2xdx
π
⇒ I = ∫ 04 logcos2xdx .... (iii)
a a
Now, by property ∫ 0 f(a − x)dx = ∫ 0 f(x)dx

24 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 ( [ ]) ( )
π π
π π
⇒ I= ∫ 04 log cos2 4
−x dx = ∫ 04 log cos 2 − 2x dx
π
⇒ I = ∫ 04 logsin2xdx .... (iv)
Adding Equations, (iii) and (iv), we get
π

⇒ 2I = ∫ 04 (logsin2x + logcos2xdx)
π
= ∫ 04 log(sin2xcos2x)dx

( )
π 1
= ∫ 04 log 2
sin4x dx
π π
1
= ∫ 04 logsin4xdx + ∫ 04 log 2 dx
π π
1
= ∫ 04 logsin4xdx + [x] 04 log 2
π π 1
= ∫ 04 logsin4xdx + 4 log 2
π 1
⇒ 2I = I 1 + 4 log 2

s
π
Where, I 1 = ∫ 04 logsin4xdx

ial
Let 2x = t
⇒ 2dx = dt

π π
When x = 0, t = 0 and at x = ,t =
4 2

r
1 π
uto
⇒ I1 = 2
∫ 02 logsin2tdt
1 π 2a a
⇒ I1 = 2
2∫ 04 logsin2tdt [Using ∫ 0 f(x)dx = 2∫ 0 f(x)dx]
π
eT

= ∫ 04 logsin2tdt
π

⇒ I1 = ∫ 04 logsin2xdx ...(by change of variable property)

π π 1
Hence, 2I = ∫ 04 logsin2xdx + 4 log 2
iqu

π 1
⇒ 2I = I + 4 log 2
π 1
⇒ I= 4
log 2
4
70. Given: ∫ 1 [ | x − 1 | + | x − 2 | + | x − 3 | ]dx
Un

4
⇒ I = ∫ 1 [ | x − 1 | + | x − 2 | + | x − 3 | ]dx
4 4 4
⇒ I = ∫ 1 [ | x − 1 | ]dx + ∫ 1 [ | x − 2 | ]dx + ∫ 1 [ | x − 3 | ]dx
Let I = I1 + I2 + I3
First solve for I1:
4
I 1 = ∫ 1 [ | x − 1 | ]dx
As we can see that (x − 1) ≥ 0 when 1 ≤ x ≤ 4
4
⇒ I 1 = ∫ 1 (x − 1)dx

[ ]
4
x2
⇒ I1 = −x
2
1

⇒ I1 =
[ ( 4 )2
2
−4−
( 1 )2
2
+1
]
⇒ I1 = 8 − 4 −
[ 1
2
+1
]

25 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 ⇒ I1 = 5 − [ ] 1
2
9
⇒ I1 =
2
Now solve for I2:
4
I 2 = ∫ 1 [ | x − 2 | ]dx
As we can see that (x − 2) ≤ 0 when 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 and (x − 2) ≥ 0 when 2 ≤ x ≤ 4

{
as, ∫ ba f(x)dx = ∫ ca f(x)dx + ∫ bc f(x)dx }
2 4
⇒ I2 = ∫1 − (x − 2)dx + ∫ 2 (x − 2)dx

[ ] [ ]
2 4
x2 x2
⇒ I2 = − 2
− 2x + 2
− 2x
1 2

⇒ I2 = −
[ ][
( 2 )2
2
− 2(2) −
( 1 )2
2
+ 2(1) +
( 4 )2
2
− 2(4) −
( 2 )2
2
+ 2(2)
]
[ 1
]

s
⇒ I2 = − 2 − 4 − 2
+ 2 + [8 − 8 − 2 + 4]

ial
⇒ I2 = [ ] 1
2
+2

5
⇒ I2 = 2

r
uto
Now solve for I3:
4
I 3 = ∫ 1 [ | x − 3 | ]dx
As we can see that (x − 3) ≤ 0 when 1 ≤ x ≤ 3 and (x − 3) ≥ 0 when 3 ≤ x ≤ 4
eT

{ b c
as, ∫ a f(x)dx = ∫ a f(x)dx + ∫ c f(x)dx
b
}
3 4
⇒ I3 = ∫1 − (x − 3)dx + ∫ 3 (x − 3)dx

[ ] [ ]
3 4
x2 x2
iqu

⇒ I3 = − 2
− 3x + 2
− 3x
1 3

⇒ I3 = −
[ ][
( 3 )2
2
− 3(3) −
( 1 )2
2
+ 3(1) +
( 4 )2
2
− 3(4) −
( 3 )2
2
+ 3(3)
]
Un

⇒ I3 = − [ 9
2
−9−
1
2 ] [
+ 3 + 8 − 12 −
9
2
+9 ]
⇒ I3 = 2 +
[ ] 1
2
5
⇒ I3 = 2
as I = I1 + I2 + I3
9 5 5
⇒ I= 2
+ 2
+ 2
19
⇒ I= 2
tan x + tan 3 x
71. According to the question , I = ∫ dx
1 + tan 3 x

(
tan x 1 + tan 2 x )
=∫ dx
1 + tan 3 x
tan xsec 2 x
=∫ dx[ ∵ sec 2x = 1 + tan 2x]
1 + tan 3 x
Put , tan x = t

26 / 30
By Ravi Sir
⇒ sec2 x dx = dt
tdt
⇒ I=∫
1 + t3
tdt
=∫ ....(i) [ ∵ (a3 + b3) =(a + b) (a2 - ab + b2)]
(1+t) ( 1 + t2 − t )
By using partial fractions ,
t A Bt + C
Let = + ...(ii)
1+t t2 − t + 1
(
( 1 + t ) 1 + t2 − t )
⇒ t= A(t2 - t + 1) + (Bt + C) (1 + t)
⇒ t = (A + B)t2 + (-A + B + C)t + (A + C)...(iii)
On putting t = -1 in Eq. (iii), we get
−1 = A + A + A
3A = − 1
−1
⇒ A= 3

On equating the coefficients of t2 , t and constant terms on both sides in Eq. (iii), we get
A+B=0

s
−1
+B=0

ial
⇒
3
1
⇒ B= 3
A+C=0

−
1
+C=0
r
⇒
3
uto
1
⇒ C= 3
From equation (i) and (ii) , we get
1 1
3t+ 3
eT

( −1/3)
∴ I=∫ dt + ∫ dt
1+t t2 − t + 1
1 dt 1 t+1
= − 3 ∫ 1+t + 3 ∫ dt
t2 − t + 1
2
(t+1)
iqu

1 dt 1 2
= − 3 ∫ 1+t + 3 ∫ dt
t2 − t + 1
1 dt 1 2t + 2
= − 3 ∫ 1+t + 6 ∫ dt
t2 − t + 1
1 dt 1 2t + 2 + 1 − 1
Un

= − ∫ + ∫ dt
3 1+t 6 t2 − t + 1
1 dt 1 2t − 1 + 3
= − 3 ∫ 1+t + 6 ∫ dt
t2 − t + 1
1 dt 1 2t − 1 3 dt
= − 3 ∫ 1+t + 6 ∫ dt+ ∫
t2 − t + 1 6 t2 − t + 1
1 dt 1 2t − 1 3 dt
= − 3 ∫ 1+t + 6 ∫ dt+ ∫
t2 − t + 1 6 1 1
t2 − t + 1 + 4 − 4

In second integral , Put z = t2 - t +1 ⇒ dz = (2t - 1) dt, we get

1 dt 1 1 1 dt
I = − 3 ∫ 1 + t + 6 ∫ z dz + 2 ∫

( ) t− 2
1 2 3
+4

1 1 1 dt
⇒ I = − log | 1 + t | + log | z | + ∫
3 6 2

( ) ( )
1 2 √3 2
t− 2 + 2

27 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 ()[ ]
1

()
t− 2
| |
1 1 1 1 dx 1 x
= − 3 log | 1 + t | + 6 log t 2 − t + 1 + ⋅ tan − 1 +C ∵ ∫ = tan − 1 +C
2 √3 √3 / 2 x2 + a2 a a
2

1
= − 3 log | 1 + tanx | + 6 log tan 2x − tanx + 1 +

dx
1
| |
1

√3
tan − 1
( 2tan x − 1

√3 ) +C[ ∵ t = tanx]

72. I = ∫
√sin 3x . sin ( x + α )
dx
=∫ sin ( x + α )

√ sin 4x . sin x

dx cosec 2dx
=∫ sin ( x + α )
=∫ sin ( x + α )
sin 2x
√ sin x
√ sin x

cosec 2xdx
=∫ sin x . cos α + cos x . sin α

s
sin x

ial
cos ec 22dx
=∫
√cos α + cot x . sin α
Put cosα + cotx. sinα = t
0 − cosec 2x. sinαdx = dt

r
− dt
uto
cosec 2xdx =
sin α
−1 dt −1 t1 / 2
∴ I= sin α
∫ = sin α
× 1/2
+c
√t
− 2√ t
eT

= sin α
+c
− 2√cos α + cot xsin α
= sin α
+c
π x
iqu

73. According to the question , I = ∫ 0 dx ...(i)

a 2cos 2 x + b 2sin 2 x
(π−x)
⇒ I = ∫0
π
a 2cos 2 ( π − x ) + b 2sin 2 ( π − x )
dx [ ∵
a a
∫ 0 f(x)dx = ∫ 0 f(a − x)dx ]
π (π−x)
⇒ I = ∫0 dx ...(ii)
Un

a 2cos 2 x + b 2sin 2 x
On adding Equations (i) and (ii) we get ,
π (x+π−x)
2I = ∫ 0 dx
a 2cos 2 x + b 2sin 2 x
π dx
⇒ 2I = π∫ 0
a 2cos 2 x + b 2sin 2 x
2a a
we know that,∫ 0 f(x)dx = 2∫ 0 f(x)dx , if f(2a − x) = f(x)
Here, a 2cos 2(π − x) + b 2sin 2(π − x)
= a 2cos 2x + b 2sin 2x
π/2 dx
∴ 2I = 2π∫ 0
a 2cos 2 x + b 2sin 2 x
On dividing numerator and denominator by cos 2x we get ,
π/2 sec 2 x
2I = 2π∫ 0 dx
a 2 + b 2tan 2 x
Put tanx = t ⟹ sec 2xdx
= dt
Lower limit when x = 0, then t = tan0 = 0
π π
Upper limit when x = 2 , then t = tan 2 = ∞

28 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 ∞ dt
∴ I = π∫ 0
a 2 + b 2t 2
dt
= π∫ ∞
0 a2 + ( bt ) 2
π ∞ dt
= ∫
b2 0
() a
b
2
+ t2

⇒ I= ab
π
[ tan − 1 a ][
bt ∞

0
∵ ∫
dx
a2 + x2
=
1
a
tan − 1 a + C
x
]
[tan ]
π
⇒ I= − 1∞ − tan − 10
ab

( )
[ ]
π π
tan − 1∞ = tan − 1 tan 2 =

[ ]
∵
π π 2
⇒ I= ab 2
−0
and tan − 10 = tan − 1 tan0 ( ∘
)=0
π2
I=

s
∴
2ab
π xtan x

ial
74. According to the question , I = ∫ 0 sec x ⋅ cosecx
dx ........(i)
a a
we know that , ∫ 0 f(x)dx = ∫ 0 f(a − x)dx
we get
π
I = ∫ 0 sec
( π − x ) tan ( π − x )
dx
r
uto
( π − x ) cosec ( π − x )
π ( π − x ) ( − tan x )
⇒ I = ∫0 − sec xcosecx
dx
π ( π − x ) tan x
⇒ I= ∫ 0 sec xcosecx dx......(ii)
eT

On adding Equations (i) and (ii) we get,

π πtan x
2I = ∫ 0 sec xcosecx dx
π π sin 2 x ( cos x )
⇒ I= ∫
2 0 ( cos x )
dx
iqu

π π
= ∫ sin 2xdx
2 0

= ∫
2 0 2 (
π π 1 − cos 2x
) dx
Un

=
π
4 [ x−
sin 2x π
2 ] 0

⇒ I=
π
4 [ π−
sin 2π
2
−0+
sin ( 0 )
2 ]
π
⇒ I= 4
[π − 0]
π2
⇒ I= 4
1
75. Let I = ∫ dx
cos 4 x + sin 4 x

Dividing numerator and denominator by cos4 x , we get

1
cos 4x
I=∫ dx
cos 4 x + sin 4 x
4
cos x
sec 4 x
=∫ dx
1 + tan 4 x

29 / 30
By Ravi Sir
 ( sec x ) ( sec x )
2 2

=∫ dx
1 + ( tan x ) 2 2

sec x ( 1 + tan x )
2 2

=∫ dx [ ∵ sec 2x = 1 + tan 2x]

1 + ( tan x ) 2 2

Put tan x = t
⇒ sec 2xdx = dt
1 + t2
∴ I=∫ dt
1 + t4

Dividing numerator and denominator by t2 in RHS , we get

1
1+
t2
I=∫ 1 dt
t2 + +2−2
t2
1
1+
t2
=∫ dt

( )
t− t
1 2
+2

s
1
Put , t − =u

ial
t

⇒
( )
1+
1
t2
dt = du

Then ,
r
uto
du
I=∫
u2 + ( √2 ) 2

1
()u

[ dx 1
()
x

]
eT

⇒ I= tan − 1 +C ∵ ∫ = tan − 1 +C
√2 √2 a a
√ x2 + a2

()
1

[ ]
t− t
iqu

1 1
⇒ I= tan − 1 +C ∵ u=t−
√2 √2 t

( )
Un

1 t2 − 1
⇒ I= tan − 1 +C
√2 √2t

∴ I=
1

√2
tan − 1
( )
tan 2 x − 1

√2tan x
+ C[ ∵ t = tanx]

30 / 30
By Ravi Sir